Neebhetri Memorial 411, Odessa: ifoto, idilesi, izalathiso

Kwisixeko-hero of Odessa yindawo wayethanda bonke abemi kunye neendwendwe ezininzi, nekulula omkhulu zethu, uphumelele kule mpi yoyikekayo inkululeko, bona kunye nabantwana babo. Phantse kunxweme, epakini enhle, ibekwe evulekileyo-umoya lwembali, i imbeko kwisikhumbuzo amadabi kuba nasemzini ozithandayo - kwiSikhumbuzo ibhetri 411-th e Odessa. Kwisixeko yonke inkwenkwe kwabantwana abancinane zehla zonke izakhiwo zomkhosi baloo maxesha. Amangeno kule free zoluntu, uyakwazi ukubona zonke avuleke, ngaphandle kwebala, twist. Avumeleke ukuba azibone zonke, akukho namnye uya izimvo. Kodwa iindwendwe baqonde ukubaluleka zembali izixhobo zomkhosi.

Qala of zokwakha

Emva kokuqalisa nkqubo ngxwaba Germany ekhokelwa Adolf Hitler, urhulumente uye wagqiba ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqalisa isicwangciso ukuziphendulela ukukhusela imida yayo, ukuqonda ithuba yokwenene nokuhlaselwa eSoviet Union.

Ukukhusela imida akumazantsi emdeni Gulf of Odessa waqalisa ukususela 1934 ukuya 1936, ukwakhiwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kweendawo ukuzilandulela 411 Odessa ibhetri. Injongo yalo kukugcina ezibonisa ukuhlaselwa lutshaba evela elwandle iinqanawa njengoko ukuxhasa amajoni phantsi fascists lokuhlasela emhlabeni.

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo

Zonke izakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente ezakhiwe amabanjwa, amadoda 2,000, phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo lwe NKVD kunye inxaxheba yolawulo lobunjineli kunye nokwakhiwa imikhosi aselwandle. Ngaphezu sokuxuba ngalinye concrete wema igosa ibutho Internal Affairs waza wabona ukuba ekunene ukongeza amacandelo ayimfuneko isisombululo. Kujongwa ngokungqongqo abanokuyiqonda zokuzifaka apha komelela kunene. Used grade eziphathekayo 600 kunye iingqalutye kunye Odessa elwandle. Jikelele D. Karbyshev isicelo nobuchwepheshe zaphambili xesha ulwakhiwo ufakelo zomkhosi.

hopper nganye umaleko kabini ka-3 cm zentsimbi vehicles kuqiniswe ulwakhiwo eziphathekayo yaye ubukhulu ukuya ku-1 m 75 cm. imisele Huge wemba yofakelo amandla kunye nompu. Kubunzulu-18 m wemba sicatshulwa komhlaba odibanisa kwizikhundla zokudubula ukusuka isithuba umyalelo, zibekwe kumgama oziimitha ezili-750 kwi elunxwemeni bay. Ukomelezwa isikrweqe ipleyiti zayo ngaphezulu. Ukwakhiwa sele echithe iitoni 11.6 zegolide.

yomthombo ibhetri

Bona kwaku ende conning athethwe yingqwayi-ngqwayi ezingundoqo 411 Battery Odessa kunye neziko zokucupha ngenxa yezenzo yotshaba. BK-enombala isixhobo 10 into banda izihlandlo-20. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo malunga neethagethi ukudubula zangeniswa ngqo kwisikhundla ukhokelo enkulu guns-180 mm. Ngu sicatshulwa komhlaba zizintlu kweentambo kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane. Ekubeni yomthombo ke axis, yaye amanzi kukhukulisa imipu ndimbe ndasela amanzi ezizodwa ichibi elikhulu apho amanzi Impontshelwa yi pump ngamandla kumphezulu.

Kwakhona kwizisele ziinkonzo ezongezelelweyo: igumbi kwibhoyila, a gumbi izixhobo diesel-enikwe, iinjini yesondlo umpu, zombane. Phantsi komhlaba ezazembiwe njengoko izitora zokubasa kunye zokuthambisa, amatanki okugcina eziliqela, ukuya ku 1,000 cubic metres. m amanzi nganye. Kwimeko idlulela ukufikelela lutshaba oovimba amanzi abemi 411 ka Odessa battery nako ukunika ngamanzi ixesha elide. Capacitance bezele zizinto amaqula nokususa kunye nobunzulu-30 m.

Inkqubo umoya nobunzima inika indawo enkulu komhlaba kunye nomoya omtsha. Inkqubo yemibhobho kunye boilers shushu egumbini. Zonke isakhiwo ebalulekileyo inkxaso ubomi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwamanzi kuphela zemithi guns ubungakanani omkhulu esikwaziyo zokudubula kumgama km 40.

ordnance

Kuba imipu zokudubula wonxweme ezintathu anobunzima 160, kunye isixhobo kugqiba 3 wemba eyadini komhlaba. Eyenza komhlaba phakamisa lihamba projectiles abanobunzima 97,5 kg. Sibona 2 zokudubula guns ezikhethekileyo bawurholela ukuba ukuvula. Iiyadi akhuselwe ukusuka ekuhlaselweni imichiza. Enemikhono leyo beziswe emva wadubula nganye, waqengqela ibe ekhethekileyo itanki ephantsi komhlaba, ofulelwe sheets zobhedu.

Zeentendelezo baba spare likaxakeka lukhupha zomkhosi komhlaba. Ngexesha shot lugubungela zonke izivingco phakathi amagumbi. Kwimeko yomlilo kwabakho inkqubo entsonkothileyo lomlilo nokucinywa oluzenzekelayo zonke ndawo. Service 411 Odessa Ibhetri ibe ngabasebenzi-365.

Around ezi zixhobo ezintathu ezingundoqo kumgama ezintathu-45 mm anti-moya ngompu kunye webutho ngokubakhonza. Kwakhona, unogada ibhetri bema guns anti-moya kane ezintathu, "Mxim", eyanika izikhundla umoya yokuzikhusela. Kakade phakathi kokwakhiwa gunners ezimbaxa yokhuselo kakuhle ubuchule ephucukileyo nokuqhuba uqeqesho phantsi kweliso abaqeqeshiweyo abanamava.

izakhiwo iteyiphu yephepha

Ngeli adubula iintendelezo umpu zagutyungelwa iminatha sifihle kunye emasebeni omthi. Emva isakhiwo mission yambathiswa ngeengcango kwakuxhomekeke enkulu, nto leyo indlu encinane lizwe, a imithi ezimbalwa kunye izidiliya. Ukuze akhohlise utshaba kufutshane indawo yangoku ibhetri, malunga 700 eemitha, laliphakathi ibhetri lobuxoki.

Ngamaplanga ukwakha inqaba ende komboko isibane yangaphambili ezenziwe wompu gun. izakhiwo ezakhelwe. Ngelo xesha, xa oku ibhetri ukwenza yokulwa nemisebenzi, phezu izikhundla bobuxoki amajoni yalikhanyisa zokuhombisa Ziyaqhubeka umsi ukuba efanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo ngumsi ophuma leHamas imipu.

ekuhlaseleni German kwesisodwa lalatha ibhetri bobuxoki emsebenzini nezixhaso ngomthi emoyeni. Emva kokuba imfazwe, amajoni ngexesha ngalinye yakhiwe ngokupheleleyo ziipropu wabatshabalalisa, kungekhona nje ukuze basindise ubomi babo.

Le wokhuselo yobuqhawe Odessa

Ngowe-1941, ngoAgasti 5, ngentsimbi 9 kusasa wankqonkqoza ixesha ivolibholi wokuqala umpu-180 mm. umkhosi isiRomania waxinga kwi Akkerman inqaba, nokuba ibhetri umphathi Ivan Nikolaevich Nikitenko wanika umyalelo wokuqala ukuba kutshatyalaliswe imikhosi yotshaba enkulu. Emva kweqokobhe ezinokugqabhuka, zibhabha ukuya ezinobude-18 km, ifikelele bubumenemene utshaba, lo Romanians ubesoyika kakhulu. Babecinga ukuba wadubula nenqwelo-moya. Ivuliwe kwi engenanto esibhakabhakeni zokudubula wabuya umlilo. Ukuqhubeka ngumlilo, amajoni zethu ziye zabangela umonakalo noqhekeko ukuya imikhosi yotshaba.

Captain I. N. Nikitenko wafumana umyalezo othi enkosi-kuni evela kwaloo ngqwayi-ngqwayi Chapayev kwiCandelo 25, uMajor-Jikelele Ivan Petrov, obemi isigxina kwisithili emazantsi lezoKhuselo. Umchasi weva amandla ngokupheleleyo ukuma Uyalwa ye nomkhosi. ngaphezu kweetoni kwe-200 yenethiwekhi metal kufa yahlasela izikhundla yotshaba.

Senzekile lwenziwa ngaphandle ngovimba, imini nobusuku. Nkqu izixhobo omkhulu steel nje zigcinwe idabi zigqengezelayo. rifling eligugileyo kule umphanda. iinkosi Military wakwazi ukutshintsha ebusuku komboko lwemipu multi-ton ethwala eshukumayo kunye intambo. Ngexesha zokusilungisa, nezinye izixhobo zange ayeke zokudubula izikhundla utshaba. Okumangalisayo kukuba, akukho mlweli inqaba komhlaba ayizange nkqu uhlatywe ngenxa lonke ixesha yokuzikhusela.

Umyalelo emuva mzi

kwiintsuku ezi-3 phambi emuva isixeko utshaba battery waziswa neziqhushumbisi. Amajoni afunde umyalelo we-1 Oktobha ekuyekweni yesixeko kokurhoxa yomkhosi. Yokuba isimo esibi kakhulu kuye yaye akazange afune ndiwuthimbe lo mzi, kodwa oda odolo, yaye nyanzelekile ukuba ukuthobela. Ngentliziyo enzima artillerymen balungiselela ukuba ukujongela indawo ibhetri. Inkoliso Fighters eguquka seiner lokuloba "Typhoon", "Krasin" yaye "I Odessa-1", indawo ezikuyo 40 kuphela eseleyo.

October 16, 1941 ebusuku, ibhetri yobugorha egubungele ukurhoxiswa Odessa Maritime Army ukuncedisa ukhuseleko Sevastopol, ukuba iintshaba wazenzela 230 ipali. Emva koko, ngokwemiyalelo-mandla zomkhosi, xa 4 ekuseni ibhetri zobugorha isikhundla yasha, kunye nabasebenzi nge zibuko yorhwebo ngenqanawa wathunyelwa wawalwela Sevastopol.

A irhafu amaqhawe

Odessans Nombulelo ayikwazi kodwa ukuhlawula irhafu ukuya amaqhawe ushiye kumsi ibhetri ngaphandle ingqalelo eyiyo. Ngoko ke, isigqibo seBhunga Regional ngomhla wama-28 Julayi 1971 kwagqitywa ukwenza sisikhumbuzo 411 Odessa ibhetri. Sikhoyo kwi indawo kwindawo yayo. Nakwiintendelezo zangaphambili ATM guns emikhulu azihombise emaquleni, imithi yene. gun Kuphela elinye umbukiso le sisikhumbuzo, savela izibonelelo ezo izibuko weSoviet Far East.

Wayizisa phezu amaqonga ezine kaloliwe kakhulu kunye ton-250 crane. Ngokukodwa wayibuyisela umpu yesibini omzi wakhe. Wokuqala nowesithathu baba ngokusisigxina iziqhushumbisi razvorocheny. Isetyenziswa ukudala sisikhumbuzo ukuba ibhetri 411 Odessa iifoto ezo maxesha, kunye namaxwebhu zembali.

Ukuvulwa sisikhumbuzo

Ukuvulwa ozukileyo sinzima yesikhumbuzo ekubhiyozeleni engama-30 Ukoyisa Enkulu, Meyi 9, 1975. Ngelo mbhiyozo imbongi odumileyo, ex-ekuliwa, ahlawule utyelelo kwindawo ze battery ngexesha lemfazwe, uKonstantin Simonov. Wayefunda iivesi kwimixholo zomkhosi. Izithethi singabala abameli kurhulumente kunye neengcali zomkhosi.

Waqokelela iintlobo izixhobo zomkhosi ixesha: i kwamanzi iphenyane "Baby", lo moya, imipu anti-moya, oololiwe vehicles, imijukujelwa, torpedoes, iziqhushumbisi kwamanzi, minesweeper, kwaye nkqu tram, leyo ebudeni bemfazwe bendihamba ukusuka 'Zastava 2 - ngaphambili, "waza waphuma ababuleweyo .

Odessa Museum 411 Battery

Kuyinto yembali abavikeli museum memory 411 Ibhetri Odessa kule dilesi: street Dacha Kovalevsky, 150. Loma yonke imihla ngaphandle kwangoLwesihlanu, ukususela 10.00 ukuya 17.00. Excursions, zombini iqela kunye ngamnye, ibe amalungiselelo ngokutsalela ulawulo somyuziyam.

Avuleke olondolozo lwembali yelo amajoni 411 ibhetri Odessa, iifoto ezo maxesha, iifoto abathetheli kunye gunners eziqhelekileyo, izinto zabo, amaxwebhu kunye nezinye ubuncwane zembali. Kwenziwa i nohambo umdla, ngexesha apho iindwendwe baya kufunda izinto ezininzi ukusuka ubomi bebhetri 411 Odessa, imbali indalo yayo kunye nenguqulelo yokwenene amajoni nokuhlangula, hayi kakhulu kwaziwa phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo.

Indlela ukuya sisikhumbuzo?

Eli bhotwe linokufikeleleka ehamba esiporweni inombolo 19 ukusuka kwisikhululo 16 Big Fountain. Angayeka lokugqibela - 411 Ibhetri Odessa. Njani apho ibhasi lenkumbulo? Kulula kakhulu. Baya kuhamba kancinci. Ukususela kumbindi wesixeko kunye Cathedral Square uyemka inombolo 175 kunye nenombolo 185. Ukusuka Peresypskogo ibhulorho uya inombolo ibhasi ngqo 191. Ukusuka Krivobalkovskogo mangcwaba uya inani 197. Usenakho kanti ukuya ngeenyawo ukusuka kwisikhululo lokugqibela trolleybuses nombolo 12, inani 7, inombolo 11 esitratweni Zokwakha.

Nayiphi Odessa ukuba uyakholiswa abakhenkethi nabo bonke abafuna ukubonisa i ndlela imfutshane ukuya ezinika eziyintloko isixeko-hero of Odessa.