Namadlala Parathyroid. hormone Parathyroid

Umzimba womntu inani enkulu amalungu kunye neenkqubo ukuba enze iintlobo kwemisebenzi. Ezinye zazo amadlala parathyroid. Yinto uhlobo yinxalenye nobubovu lengqula, ebekwe ngqo phezu kodonga angasemva. ukusebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo ezi amadlala kuchaphazela ezininzi iinkqubo olwenzeka emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke ilifa ulwazi malunga kubo, kuyimfuneko ukuba wonke.

ndlala

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu ubudala kukho iingxaki le ndlala lengqula. Kulo mzekelo, oogqirha ziyacetyiswa ukuba kunikezela yegazi hormone. Ngoko eyoyikekayo ukuba esi sihloko, ezinobuzaza xa Vuka, nendlela yokwenza lokufunyaniswa indlala lengqula? Apho thyroid ndlala ikhona, bazi phantse yonke into - yile ndawo ngaphambili entanyeni kulendoda. Kuqala kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ndlala - kukho indlala of secretion lwangaphakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba yinxalenye iseti iyonke inkqubo yonyango, nto leyo sinikezwe emzimbeni womntu. Ngokubanzi, umsebenzi esinobubovu lengqula linxulunyaniswa imveliso hormone athile ukuba kubekho ulungelelwano emzimbeni womntu.

ndlala kwesibindi

Thyroid ndlala - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umzimba elungeleleneyo, ekubeni le nto ndiyibhalayo zirhuqwe kunye izabelo ezimbini ngokulinganayo, ngapha nangapha kuye. Nomhlehlo lasekunene nobubovu lengqula, kwakunye ekhohlo; ngqo kwi uqhoqhoqho, lo gama zirhuqwe ukwakweli inxalenye ngaphambili. Abanye oogqirha ukuze ingqalelo lobe pyramidal. Apha kufuneka ithetha into efana umthamo le ndlala lengqula. Ngenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha, xa sibona kwemfuneko (yesithathu) share leengcaphephe nokubhala ndiqalise ukuthetha malunga ngezifo ye endlaleni. Kodwa ke akunjalo. Ayichaphazeli impilo yabantu isiphako ayikho.

Ngokubanzi, lengqula kwiingxowa ngokwemiqathango umthamo aya kumiselwa kuphela ngokusekelwe kuhlolwe abanobuchule ingcali-endocrinologist, ngamnye umntu ngamnye. Hi ndlela leyi, cela ukuba sele kwi impawu yokuqala ezinxulumene ongaphakathi. Kubonakala ukuba ingxaki esinobubovu lengqula kuchaphazela ngqo imo nemeko ebonakalayo somntu. Normal ukusebenza shchitovidki uxhomekeke kubungakanani begalelo olenzayo ngayo ifumana zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko (ioksijini, ayodini, iiprotheni, njalo njalo). Ukuba ufumene ukungabikho kwabo, loo mntu ngoko nangoko uba ndlongondlongo kunye Ukuziva udakumbile. Kwakhona, ubunzima extra nokungakwazi ukunciphisa umzimba - it kwakhona ukunyhashwa ezicacileyo esikalini hormone ngayo le ndlala lengqula. ndlala kwiingxowa ngokwemiqathango umthamo kumiselwa ukuba umntu ngamnye. Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kukucela ukuba bangenele iimviwo ultrasound, uze kuphela igazi amanqanaba hormone.

Umsebenzi we ingqondo lengqula: ukuba kubalulekile kakhulu emzimbeni womntu?

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ubungakanani kwidlala lengqula baxhomekeke ngqo kwi ubunzima lomntu. Yinto enokwenzeka, Kakade, ayivalele into yexabiso avareji kwizabelo: 20/20/40 mm. Ixabiso nomthamo zirhuqwe iya kulingana 4 x 5 mm. Imilinganiselo esithinzini lengqula ngexesha elifanayo liya kuba ukususela-20 ukuya kuma-40 g Laye, ubunzima kwidlala lengqula unakho ukufikelela kuma-'65 Kukho enye inkalo ebalulekileyo kakhulu: yobudala kunye sex iimpawu kuba nefuthe ngqo kubungakanani le ndlala lengqula. yobudala Old kunciphisa umthamo esinobubovu lengqula kunye ubudala lokufikisa, icala, kwandisa. Kwakhona, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okuvuselela ukwanda bokwexeshana umthamo le ndlala. Xa le nyaniso ingqalelo sisithethe eso kwaye asinyangeki ukuya ekuzalweni.

Njengokuba sele kucaca, le ndlala lengqula - inxalenye yenkqubo yonyango lwe abantu, ngoko ke uhlala kukho Yindibanisela iihomoni ezininzi: calcitonin (a hormone peptide), triiodothyronine kunye thyroxine (iihomoni ayodini-equlethe). Bona elawula eseleyo hormone omzimba womntu. Ezi hormone kuchaphazela ukuyilwa iiseli ezintsha kunye nokufa omdala, ukutya yomzimba. Man kusoloko kufuneka amandla ukuze siphile, siyashukuma, badle, balale, njalo njalo. D. Ukuba lo msebenzi onzima kwenziwa i hormone. ukuba nabo bakwazi ukugcina ubushushu efanelekileyo umzimba. uphuhliso engqondweni nasemzimbeni kwi ubomi buxhomekeke nokusebenza hormone. Abanoxanduva umsebenzi sifo, yaye oku kubaluleke kakhulu kusulelo ekulweni. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka bazi nje kuphela apho kwidlala lengqula ise (ngexesha asabele xa mizwa ekhathazayo entanyeni), kodwa kwakhona ukuba baqonde ukubaluleka ukusebenza kwayo elichanekileyo.

Yintoni indlala parathyroid?

bafuna nje ukuba uqaphele inxaxheba yayo ngqo yonke inkqubo yonyango. Xa isakhiwo eqhelekileyo amadlala yonke lengqula parathyroid ibekwe phezu ngasemva kwayo. Umntu uye izibini ezimbini. Khumbula ukuba ukuze babe ngaphandle le ndlala lengqula. iintlobo ezimbini iiseli ziqukiwe ukwakhiwa amadlala: oxyphilous aphambili. Ezi seli, oko kukuthi kukho icytoplasm yabo ziqulathe granules ebizwa secretory. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ingaba parathyroid - le ezidalwe umzimba, nobomi, kwaye isebenza ngexesha elinye ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, kanye indawo, okanye icinyiwe ayikwazi. Kungenjalo, nokuba uzama ukuba ushiye esinobubovu lengqula, umntu akanayo asinde.

Imilinganiselo parathyroid (parathyroid) nobubovu, inani labo kunye nendawo

Ukusukela glands parathyroid kukhethwa okweqanda (in uhlobo iimbotyi okanye kwizintso, maxa wambi ube ngumfuziselo isangqa, kwaye atshabalalisa), kwaye ubukhulu ukuya ku-8 mm. Lidla umntu wafumana mgaqweni ezahlukeneyo kwinani kunye nendawo kwamadlala parathyroid. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha nokuxilonga ubukho babo kule isityalo okanye phakathi uqhoqhoqho kunye kuvuleke iminxunya. ukwanda landile inani kwamadlala parathyroid. Izazinzulu kunye namatyala zonyango esibhalwe ndandichithe iiyunithi 8 yaye-12. Imilinganiselo amadlala parathyroid ayikho ezahlukeneyo kakhulu: Ebubanzini - 1.5-2 mm, ububanzi - 3-4 mm, ubude - 67 mm. Ngokufuthi ingaba ephezulu parathyroid ezincinane kancinci emazantsi - oku eqhelekileyo. Weight babe encinane, bonke kufikwa 0.04 Umbala g parathyroid (eyaziwa amayeza) amadlala zidla bulubhelu brown okanye mdaka kuba luthuthu. Bona akhiwe ebizwa ngokuba yi-capsule ngokwabo, nangona ngamanye amaxesha bajoyine ngqo le ndlala lengqula. ekujikelezeni kwazo olwenziwa lisebe yayo kwemithambo. Interesting nto: bonke lomqolo ngangenani lazo, imilo kunye nobukhulu zahluke kakhulu.

glands Parathyroid: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Ubume amadlala parathyroid kuquka iintlobo ezimbini iiseli, ebizwa njalo-"ukukhanya" (oxyphilous) kunye "mnyama" (main). Le yokugqibela idla likhulu kakhulu inani. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i data umhlaza unikwa kakuhle neempahla yegazi, ebavumela ukuba uzaliswe oksijini. emithanjeni emithanjeni kaka amadlala kakhulu parathyroid. Hormone phezu kwabo, ngokunjalo nge kwigridi lwemithambo, isasazwe kuwo wonke umzimba womntu. Kakade ke, imisebenzi parathyroid kakhulu. Ke enye le ebaluleke kakhulu - ummiselo iphosphate kunye calcium yokucolwa emzimbeni womntu. Oku kwenzeka kuphela nesibakala sokuba umsebenzi Yindibanisela emzimbeni ukwenza ngqo indlala parathyroid. Hormone eziveliswa kubo, nibagqithile iintlobo ezimbini:

• calcitonin - ukuba lihlisa inqanaba ikhalsiyam egazini;
• hormone parathyroid - kwandisa inqanaba icalcium egazini.

Ngokubanzi, umsebenzi esinobubovu parathyroid (elinye igama zonyango) esekelwe kwi indlela "impendulo". Umzimba womntu ibhaqa lukhulu kangakanani na calcium kunye phosphorus eziqulathwe apha. A nobubovu parathyroid, ngokusekelwe kwezi data, ulungisa inani labo ngenxa ejection ye idosi ethile kunye hormone ethile.

Hormone eveliswe yi amadlala parathyroid

glands Parathyroid ukuvelisa iihomoni ezimbini, umthetheli phakathi leyo parathyrin (PTH). Emva ukusetyenziswa ithwalwa ummiselo enamandla lwamanqanaba calcium emzimbeni womntu. Le hormone compound protein leyo, nayo, iquka isalfure, intsimbi kunye nitrogen. Yena umi ndlala parathyroid ngaphandle kokuma. Parathyrin kukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nophuhliso ngamathambo abantu. Oku kungenxa yokuba calcium phosphate yokuhlanganisa kunye neeproteni. Kwakhona hormone parathyrin inesiphumo malunga asemzimbeni - resorption bone kunye nobudala. Ngokubanzi, le nkqubo ibizwa - le kuqheleke calcium.

Indlela of action parathyrin okanye imiphumela yayo engundoqo

Kakade ke, ukuba hormone kunempembelelo enamandla calcium phosphate ukwakhiwa ke komzimba womntu, oko ibonwa amalungu ezinkulu eziliqela kunye namalaphu, zona uhlobo ekujoliswe kuye:

1. Izintso aziwa, ezinye calcium livela komzimba womntu kwi yokuchama. Le nkqubo ifuna ummiselo, apho kungenxa hormone parathyrin.
2. Bone inyama: normalizes isixa ikhalsiyam kuyo, ukuze ngamathambo omntu uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ikhule.
3. iphecana zesisu: apha parathyrin kunceda calcium ithathe.

Ngenxa yoko, amadlala parathyroid, ukuvelisa hormone parathyrin zibe nefuthe elingqale kule nokusebenza zonke iiseli zomzimba.

Izifo ezinxulumene nemisebenzi ngokungafanelekanga le parathyroid

Njengaye nawuphi na omnye umbutho, ithishu okanye inkqubo yonke emzimbeni womntu, parathyroid lisebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kukhokelela hypofunction yayo okanye hyperfunction, nto leyo inegalelo kuphuhliso nezifo ezininzi. Chaza le sifo kunokuba ngokwabo ezisekelwe zokuqhambuka ezinye iimpawu. Kulo mzekelo kufuneka ngokukhawuleza ubuze uchwepheshe abaqeqeshiweyo bachithe kwiingcebiso zabo uphando efanelekileyo ukupasa iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko.

Hypofunction of parathyroid

Isifo luphawulwa isixa isizukulwana engalunganga incindi yedlala parathyroid parathyrin, oko kukuthi, ukuswela yayo. Ngesiqhelo, oku kungabonakala sele ngokusekelwe izikhalazo yomguli ngayo antsi kwi eziphelweni, kuthibaza, amahlaba kwezihlunu, izikhonkwane inkumnkum, iinwele kunye nangaphezulu. Ugqirha lihlola umntu, oko kukuthi lengqula yakhe, limise ngokupheleleyo segazi, uvavanyo igazi emzimbeni, urinalysis, electrocardiogram. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwezi zifundo liye kuye kwakho utshintsho olukhulu, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kwizigqibo phambili isigqibo unyango kakhulu efanelekileyo.

Hyperfunction ngayo le ndlala parathyroid

sifo kukhokelela parathyrin imveliso ephakamileyo ukuvelisa ngqo ndlala parathyroid. Hormone yale hlobo (intsalela yabo) uphazamise wokugaya womntu, simenze ubu amathambo kunye neentlungu amalunga, agobe umnqonqo kunye iimbambo, kukhokelela ekubeni ucaphuka kunye nokudakumba. Maxa wambi agqithisile calcium kukhokelela utshintsho kumsebenzi nezintso. Ngoko ke, ukuba unazo ezi mpawu zingasentla kufuneka kwaoko andibhekisanga i endocrinologist unyango olufanelekileyo. Kwaye ukuqinisekisa hyperfunction parathyroid ngokuqhelekileyo owabelwe US, X-ray, chemistry igazi. Ngokusekelwe kwezi zifundo ugqirha uyakwazi ukwenza ukuxilongwa echanekileyo.

Unyango ukuphazamiseka le parathyroid

Kakade ke, lo hypofunction of parathyroid bene lula kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuba ukuphathwa. Kuyimfuneko ekugqibeleni kuphela ukubuyisela calcium phosphate ukwakhiwa ke komzimba womntu esebenzisa ngokuthatha amayeza athile, izidlo ezizodwa, ukuhlala mda elangeni ukuba ukufunxeka bhetele calcium. Treatment hyperfunction parathyroid kunokwenzeka kuphela uqhaqho. Kwaye ke kakade izibonelelo zonyango ezizodwa.

amanyathelo othintelo isifo parathyroid

Njengokuba sele kucaca, ndlala nasemadlaleni parathyroid ziyajongwa kakhulu kunxulumene. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi wabo, kwaye iingxaki kuso, kuba nefuthe ngqo kwi enye kwenye. Ukwenzela ukuba ezi izidumbu secretion ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho akazange naziphi na iingxaki, zama ukwenza ukuthintela lengqula ultrasound ubuncinane 1 xesha kunyaka ngamnye. Nawuphi oyingcali ofanelekileyo, ekuchongeni utshintsho ezingephi kulo, liya kuqhuba na izifundo ezongezelelweyo ngaphandle ezimbi ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuqonda ukuba umsebenzi wesiqhelo walo naliphi na ilungu okanye inkqubo emzimbeni ixhomekeke indlela yalo yokuphila. Njengoko utya ekunene kwaye elungeleleneyo, yena ulahlekisa yokuphila asebenzayo okanye hayi kwaye ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukubukela impilo yakho, aqhube ukuhlolwa kwaye kwangexesha ujonge amagqirha abafanelekayo kakhulu.