Museum "Vladimir Central": Uphi na, imbali, inkcazelo, izimvo

Vladimir Central - enye edumileyo kwiintolongo Russian. imbali yayo ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini ngonyaka uyayigubungela iimfihlelo ezininzi. Kule 90 phakathi kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, imyuziyam kwavulwa nommandla wayo. Vladimir Central ibizwa ngokuba yi umzekeliso igama kanye entolongweni. Enyanisweni, kodwa kancinci ephosakeleyo. Ku va - Museum yeembali yentolongo Vladimir. noseko lwalo, yaye ingcaciso yemiqathango yale nqaku ezinikele utyelelo.

prehistory

izindlu-kaRhulumente ukulungiselela umxholo we-mthetho kweli lizwe lethu kwakukho kwiinkulungwane emithandathu eyadlulayo. Noko ke, kwakukho kakhulu kancinane, njengoko pre-Petrine Russia ulingo wayesele eza kufa, yaye kwabaninzi, njengokuba besinokutsho namhlanje, kululwaphulo-mthetho ngoko nangoko, ndayihluthwa ebomini, Ababethwa ngeentonga okanye Ndomnqumla ngesandla. Kwakukho, Kakade, kunye nezaphuli karhulumente, ngenxa yezizathu okanye omnye, wesaba abulawe, esoyika zoqhankqalazo, okanye isekelwe ezinye izizathu. abantu abanjalo, ubukhulu becala ukubayinxalenye kukumkani, umthetheli kunye kartel ushiye, kwanyanzeleka ukuba athathe izibhambathiso emishini wathumela monastery elikude.

Yonke into yatshintsha ebukumkanini uCatherine II, leyo, phakathi kwezinye iinguqulelo zaphunyezwa yi inguqu kwinkqubo isohlwayo-mthetho. Ngowe-1783, uye wakhupha umthetho ngawo umyalelo ukohlwaya umenzi wobubi lobusela encinane, akatswe kwaye ufake kwi "Working" okanye, zibizwa ngokuba, ndlu karhulumente. Apho kwafuneka asebenze de baya kuzalisekisa nje kuphela imali umonakalo owenzeke kumnini impahla ebiweyo, kodwa 6 ekhulwini ngaphezu koko.

Ukwenza umthetho kwakulindeleke ukuba akhe i "umsebenzi ekhaya" kwilizwe liphela.

Isiseko wentolongo

Ngoko nangoko emva kokufunda ngengqibo kwebhodi vicegeral Vladimir wathuma womzobi uNicholas von Burke ukuphuhlisa projekthi kwaye uqikelelo ukwenzela ukwakhiwa wephondo "abasebenzi ekhaya."

Ngenxa yoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuthintela ulwakhiwo kooronta ezine nevaranda namagumbi zokugcina, kwakunye square log ububanzi nobude iiyadi 9.

Ngomhla ukwakhiwa ebuncwaneni bendlu lemali lephondo uchithe ngaphezu kwama-145 engange, yaye ngoAgasti 1783, ukuvulwa yentolongo.

Ngowe-1838 Umsebenzi Vladimir kaThixo indlu ulinike igama ukubamba inkampani eyaba kwase yamabanjwa yanamhlanje okwethutyana. Kuye yasetyenziselwa ulondolozo abo slang namhlanje entolongweni ubizwa ngokuba "sutochnikami". We bendibalondolozele khona iintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa yonke imihla ezazithinjwe umsebenzi luncedo eluntwini.

Imbali wentolongo kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20

Kuphela ngo-1902, uVladimir Central, imyuziyam apho namhlanje ingqalelo omnye imibombo ezininzi umdla komzi, waba entolongweni ngengqiqo yanamhlanje yeli gama.

Emva kokuba Revolution of 1905 watshintsha kakhulu ukwakhiwa amabanjwa, phakathi kwabo waqalisa ukulawula amabanjwa ezopolitiko. Hi ndlela leyi, Central Prison Vladimir wabizwa ngexesha apho yaqala khona, ukuba abo zabo abamfunayo ukubhukuqwa uNicholas II. Baye zigcinwa de ipati akukho ukuzuza abathinjiweyo edume indlela Nizhny Novgorod.

Kanye ngamandla kweli lizwe beza iiBolsheviks, le meko iye ayikatshintshi. Okunye ngqo, entolongweni "Vladimir Central" ngo-1918, kunye nezinye iindidi amabanjwa, waqalisa ziqulathe ephikisayo kunye nabasemagunyeni Soviet.

Ngeminyaka yee-30 ukuba ndatshintshelwa phantsi kolawulo NKVD, yaye kamva waba kolawulo yoLawulo loKhuseleko USSR State. Kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe nabo kwakukho nabahleli igcinwe ngubani ubambisene amaNazi.

imbali yanamhlanje

Ngowe-1978, ngomhla olwandulela-Olimpiki, balungisa amaxwebhu okutshintshela eziyingozi entolongweni Kazan kunye Chistopol. Vladimir, eyinxenye ye-Golden Ring weRashiya, yokufika enkulu abakhenkethi kulindeleke, ngoko kwagqitywa ukuthumela onke amabanjwa ezopolitiko kude kude kwikomkhulu. Kweli xesha Iinye Vladimir Central, imyuziyam iyahlaziywa rhoqo imiboniso ezintsha, kwiCEMIS 26 ebizwa ngokuba yi-amasela-in-mthetho, ngoko akukho kabukhali mandundu imeko lolwaphulo-mthetho, yaye kwakukho lutyekele mthetho.

inkcazelo ejele

Okwangoku, Vladimir Central - entolongweni eziyingozi. Iqulathe ababulali, izidlwengu, eziziphindayo, njalo njalo. Phakathi kwazo kukho kananjalo ixesha lokudla wagwetywa umbulali abo lihlonitshwe iikhamera ezimbini kubini. e Vladimir imo Central kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye enobuntu ngakumbi kufutshane nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Iiseli babe TV, abanye bade iifriji. Amabanjwa ziyafumaneka phantse naluphi uncwadi. abavumelekanga ukuba ubhalise amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini, kwakunye ukufumana ze ukutshintshela nezalamane.

Enye iikhamera Vladimir Central ngo-1995 yaye iguqulelwa Orthodox, leyo yamiselwa egameni St Nicholas. Ngo-2003, ibandla wamiswa phezu kwawo, yaye emva kweminyaka embalwa bakha belfry encinane.

Ukuze ukunika lokukhulisa ulwazi zomthetho enetyala ngo-2003 xa Vladimir Central yavulwa yokuqala eRashiya "Centre of Information Legal."

amabanjwa eziphawulekayo

Njengokuba abasebenzi myuziyam "Vladimir Central", kukho kakhulu izihlobo abantu abaziwayo beze, ngubani ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlale phakathi kweendonga kule ntolongo.

Phakathi amabanjwa ayo edume ziquka:

• USekela likaRhulumente Duma ye pre-revolution Shulgin, wamkela shela ka uNicholas II;
• ilungu lalo mbutho White, Jikelele D. bake;
• revolution enye yeenkokheli eziphambili zomkhosi Soviet M. V. Frunze;
• Colonel Abwehr omnye wabaququzeleli kwicandelo SS "Galitchina" Alfred Bizants;
• Head of the People isiHungary Republic Yanosh Kadar (ngexesha entolongweni yentloko owayesakuba Ministry of Internal Affairs of Hungary);
• ijoni Armenian kunye laseburhulumenteni Garegin Nzhdeh;
• USekela Mphathiswa Interior waseUSSR Stepan Mamula, umhlobo osenyongweni Beria;
• unyana "Mkhulu iNkokeli" Vasily Stalin;
• kwingqwayi yokugqibela lwamaNazi of Berlin G. Weidling;
• imvumi edumileyo noLidiya Ruslanova, wabanjwa kunye nomyeni wakhe Vladimir Kryukov, eyayililungu G. K. Zhukova esangqeni lwangaphakathi yathatyathwa iqela 'iyelenqe umkhosi ";
• Alimwi iqela 'Centre "ye German Wehrmacht, Marshal F. wamacebo;
• ezaziwa Tajik iincwadi Wathi Rizo Ali-Zadeh;
• eyandulela Lithuanian Prime Minister A. Merkys;
• UMphathiswa kaRhulumente wakwaSirayeli kunye yangaphambili ophikisana yiSoviet Natan Sharansky;
• Archimandrite of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church K. K. Sheptitsky kunye nabanye.

Museum "Vladimir Central": Idilesi

Ukuze singene yeyokuqala Russia olu hlobo yokutyela unako ukuhamba, ukuhamba kwesinye ezibanzi zomzi - Big Nizhny Novgorod - ukuya inombolo yendlu 67. Apho unako uhambe. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa inani ibhasi netroli 1. Emva abapasa ekugqibeleni kwisitishi 3 (ku "Vula Tochmash"), kufuneka uye kwicala lasekhohlo esitratweni sihamba kancinane ngexesha intshukumo. Ukuba umntu ulahlekile, nangona nzima, ungabuza nayiphi na odlulayo malunga nendawo le Vladimir Central.

Hi ndlela leyi, ziyahamba iya kuba yinto umdla kwaye ulwazi, njengoko endleleni uyakwazi ukubona angqukuva ezintlanu-oyiNgcwele Dormition Church kwenkulungwane ye-17 (Idilesi: Bolshaya Moskovskaya), ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya Frunze, Rozhen Monastery, iNdlu-Museum Stoletovs kunye Kumbindi kwenkulungwane ye-19, njalo njalo.

Museum Vladimir Central

Indlela ukuya entolongweni? Lo mbuzo usenokubonakala engaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko Vladimir Central zako zendalo. Eneneni, entolongweni lo imyuziyam, apho ufuna ukutyelela baseRashiya nje kuphela, kodwa bolunye uhlanga, kuquka izalamane ezininzi kwabo kule minyaka ehleli kule ntolongo.

Museum mode nokusebenza Vladimir Central ayichazwanga. Ubude bexesha lotyelelo avunyelwe - Iiyure 1.5-2. Of kwabo uhambo ngqo kuthatha imizuzu engama-40.

Kumila myuziyam

Fumanisa apho Vladimir Central, abantu abaninzi bayathandabuza ukuba oko kubalulekile ukuba beze, kuba asinguye wonke umntu ukulungele ukufumana ukuya kwindawo apho baya phambi kwi imisebenzi engcono ebomini "bethelela." Abo baye batyelela imyuziyam, ngazwi linye bathi lo kufuneka Musa ukoyika, kuba akukho malunga nemithetho wadlula phakathi kwanabenzi bobubi abo, yaye imbali Vladimir Central nobuntu, leyo kule minyaka equlathwe phakathi kweendonga zayo.

Ingcamango ekudaleni ziko wabonakala 1980. Nangona kunjalo, kwisithuba yiSoviet wokusetyenziswa baso kuba akukho mbuzo. Umsebenzi lo mboniso lolondolozo lwembali yaqala ngo-1990. It yayihanjelwe ngabasebenzi entolongweni kunye Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve, ngubani baqala lo mba kwaye ziye zafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo.

incazelo

Le myuziyam kuvulwa ngo-1997. Waba ngowokuqala eRashiya. Vladimir Central Museum ohlala ezimbini zokuqala ikhamera bha imingxunyana window. Epasejini, apho iindwendwe balandele myuziyam oluboniswe imisebenzi engcono yokudweba kunye zokuzoba, amabanjwa azotywe. Phakathi kwazo kukho umsebenzi olungileyo kakhulu.

KwiMyuziyam thaca kakhulu amaxwebhu umdla neefoto ezithathwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, izinto zobuqu amabanjwa, izinto zekhaya entolongweni njalo njalo. Zibonisa imbali Vladimir Central ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha namhlanje. Umsebenzi lwaqhutywa ukufuna izinto kwisithuba seminyaka embalwa. Ukuze ufake imbali zentolongo wafunda archives apho Bagciniwe ulwazi umdla malunga uso, emkhosini akwizikhundla eziphezulu isiJamani, zizifundiswa, kwakunye eSoviet nabaphetheyo iqela, bangamaxhoba zocindezelo zezopolitiko njalo njalo.

Ezinye avuleke beza yimyuziyam evela kwamanye amazwe. Umzekelo, kwi imyuziyam ungabona inani amaxwebhu ezifunyenweyo Vladimir evela eUnited States ukususela Izihlobo Powers pilot American, ngubani utsala isigwebo entolongweni ephakathi ekuqaleni 1960.

Indawo olulodwa inikwa ingqokelela yezinto ezidalwe yi iingcibi entolongweni. Phakathi kwabo -. Umatshini tattoo eyenziwe sisitshetshe itshaja ngenxa mobile phone, okulungiswe intende shale, njl Enye avuleke kakhulu umdla yinto samovar omdala, okwaye kwabonelela "amabanjwa" amanzi abilayo phantse ukususela kolawulo uCatherine II.

Ngomdla omkhulu kunye nabatyeleli baqhelane iifoto ezithathwe kwi-1935-1940, xa zentolongo becala "Iintshaba zabantu", kuquka izalamane lomfazi Iosifa Stalina.

abatyeleli Museum bayamenywa ukuba ukuhlola iimveliso kunye neendibano zocweyo ubusebenza phi amabanjwa. Oku ngeebhola, iiglavu wamanqindi, iifowuni njalo njalo.

reviews

Entolongweni - indawo ungonwabi, ngoko abantu abacinga zithokombisile kungcono ukuba ayeke abebetyelele imyuziyam Vladimir Central. Ukuphonononga zibonisa ukuba ekuhlolweni entolongweni indawo wavunyelwa ukuba ambone, yenza ukufunda uKing. Ke bona abanye, le Abathandi imbali bakholelwa olu hambo umdla kakhulu kwaye ulwazi. Of umdla ethile bakufikise iifoto ubudala, ingqokelela engamaphepha enkohliso, ezo zipeyintwe ngexesha lakhe nanceba, abaqashi amabanjwa wechess mixture.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na imyuziyam umdla Vladimir Central Prison. Phone for uhambo izicelo zifumaneka kwi-website kwiziko. Kodwa ingaba kubalulekile ukutyelela, wena isigqibo. Noko ke, ukuba uthanda iimyuziyam engaqhelekanga kwaye ufuna simazi kakuhle iinkcukacha ubomi babantu yeentolongo Russian, kufuneka atyelele eli ziko ezizodwa.