Metal ntsika: iintlobo, isicelo, kunye isixhobo engathethekiyo iziseko phantsi kwawo

Xa zokwakha mihla idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintsika iintsimbi ezisebenza njenge inkxaso iinxalenye umphandle nomphakathi wesakhiwo. Ngaphandle kwabo azisebenzi, ngenxa yokuba isakhelo exhasayo. izakhiwo Steel zisetyenziswa kakhulu, kuba luphawulwa iyahlala aphezulu kunye lula ufakelo. Ezinye abayili abasebenzise njengezinto zokuhombisa izakhiwo okanye amagumbi ngamnye.

Izakhi abamelwe

Zonke column metal siquka iindawo ezininzi: ngencam yentonga ubuvuvu. Headroom - inxalenye ephezulu uvelisa apho umthwalo lophahla kunye ukhutshelo ukuba ngentonga. Xa lisenza izibalo zalo sithabathela ingqalelo kungekuphela nje ubunzima uphumle imiqadi, izixhaso, kodwa ingakumbi lowo kwindawo yabo.

Kwinxalenye phakathi Ikholamu ngentonga leyo edlulisela umthwalo emhlabeni (isiseko). Ukuba kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inkxaso ubalo ravnoustoychivost, oko kuthathwe ukuba bhetyebhetye ngokubhekiselele kwicandelo umnqamlezo nezamazembe. Lo mgaqo kwenza kube lula ukonga eziphathekayo kunye ukufumana isakhiwo izinzile. iimveliso ezinamandla kufuneka kuqiniswe ezimbanjeni.

Base - isakhiwo isiseko leyo edlulisela umthwalo isiseko. kuyimfuneko for obandayo inkxaso. Xa kubalwa Ebubanzini isiseko kuthathelwa ingqalelo yaye inxalenye indawo yesalathisi, kunye nezinto isiseko.

uhlobo

Material uvelisa ngoko iimilo ezahlukeneyo okuntsonkothileyo kodwa imiqolo ezininzi metal abe icandelo cross ngohlobo I-umqadi ube mnye, ityhubhu ebuxande okanye angqukuva. Ubukhulu somhlathi zibalelwa amandla calculation (ngokuqhelekileyo ucutheko) kunye nozinzo. Olu phawu lokugqibela kuxhomekeke kubukho lonxibelelwano ntsimbi zilapha phezulu fachwerk et al.

Kuxhomekeka isisombululo eyakhayo, umhlathi ukuze ngokuqhubekayo, waphumela, kwaye icandelo labalandeli. Uyilo rhoqo cross-candelo yintonga enye, esetyenziswa kwizakhiwo frameless, hangars kunye impahla. Kuyenzeka ukufaka izixhobo kunye ziko emcela iitoni ezingama-20.

ikholam asinde yenzelwe umthamo ukufakelwa ngaphezulu kwe-20 m. Ngenxa yalo ekhethekileyo cross-candelo kwandisa ngqongqo xa ugoba kunye nozinzo eziphuculweyo. Oku kuyilwa iye amasebe ukuzala ezimbini: basic nendwe.

imiqolo metal Composite asetyenziswa ngamaxesha, kwaye ingathabatha imithwalo ezahlukeneyo (malunga esqwini). Kufuneka:
- ufakelo milenge kwi iyenzeka;
- imvelaphi inyuselwa khona milenge kwimiqolo;
- ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo.

enkulu isicelo

Ezi ntsika steel ebezifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yeendleko ephantsi, lula ufakelo, lula ukudibanisa, ubungakanani omncinane. Inani elikhulu yeenzuzo ivumela ukusebenzisa kwabo ukwakhiwa:
- izakhiwo zoshishino (umz, ezivenkileni);
- izakhiwo civil (izakhiwo multi-ezinemigangatho ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo);
- izingxobo kweminwe kunye kwo.
- izakhiwo efuna processing ekhethekileyo (ubuchule ukufumana neendlela ngeendlela zokwakha kunye noyilo).

kwesakhiwo

Phambi kokuba ukufeza ufakelo kwezakhiwo yesinyithi, kuyimfuneko ukuba azalisekise intlawulo yazo ngokupheleleyo. Kuba ukwakhiwa iintsimbi kakhulu wayedla monolithic uphumile isiseko ngaphandle iindondo. Ukubala uyilo kuza kufuneka ukuba uqokelele data yonke imithwalo, kwakunye ukujonga inani, ubungakanani, imihlathi, Ukuqinisa kunye nobunzulu ngokubekwa. Kulo mzekelo, konke oko kuxhomekeke ubunzima isakhiwo neempawu phantsi (luthe kunokuba kukuthi, i-ukumelana ngaphantsi lufunelwa).

Olubalo kufuneka zenziwe ukuze ukuba umthwalo isasazwa ngokulinganayo phezu kwezibonelelo emhlabeni. Ukuba ezi ngxaki iqhubeka, kunokwenzeka ukuba alungiselele isiseko esomeleleyo (intlabathi okanye igrabile). Xa eyaziwa ukuzala umthamo sesiseko kunye ubunzima zokwakha, ngokulula kubalwa indawo iyonke kwisiseko kuphela. A umthwalo ke ngoko abalwe inkxaso ngamnye.

Fundam phantsi kwikholam metal lwahlukile iziseko oluqhelekileyo kuloo isiqalelo ngasinye wahlukile kwabanye. Bona abanye bangabi nayo, ngoko ke swihoxo yoyilo kungabangela ukungalungelelani lwesakhiwo.

Ukufakelwa izisekelo

iziseko Data abanalo iiglasi kwaye axhotyiswe iibholiti ankile ephethe isiseko imveliso. ukuphakama wabo yokuba lilungu isakhelo esezantsi kunye neziphelo zibe kumgangatho izikhonkwane ezivaliweyo. Ukuba ukufakela kwiikholam ibandakanya ukungena isiseko ubuncinane 4 meters, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa podkolonniki olwalusele eziphathekayo. Isiphelo esezantsi isakhiwo eso ezisisigxina iglasi, kwaye udini eliphezulu ifakwe iiankile.

Kuba ntsimbi zilapha phezulu ezikufutshane kufuneka isiseko eqhelekileyo, kwanokuba apho uya khona ngentsimbi luqiniswe nezakhiwo eziphathekayo. Yalatha amalungu isakhelo kuqinisekisa ufakelo oluchanekileyo iiankile kunye nokubekwa ukuchaneka ulungelelwaniso - ukulungiselela zeendawana.

Ukufakelwa columns

Ukufakelwa izakhiwo yesinyithi kufuneka zenziwe ukuze nokuphambukiswa nezamazembe akusekho yavunyelwa isniphu (ngokukodwa kwimeko imiphezulu ukusilwa). imiqolo Simple ebekwe xa iyonke, kwaye zinzima eziqalelo abakhoyo. Ukuze entabeni, kufuneka ukumbamba, ayikhulise, ade azifikise iiasi, ukulungelelanisa kunye ekhuselekileyo. izakhiwo emnandi ke intambo babesebenzisa, neziwela phantsi pad (umz, umthi). Ukuphakamisa lwenziwa yi ojikelezayo okanye uhambise.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuxhasa isiseko kwi kwisiseko (imihlathi ebuntsimbi iindawo kuyabonakala ngezantsi):
- kumphezulu wayo ngaphandle sisombululo grout
- on kwiipleyiti zentsimbi kunye nesisombululo namanqatha;
- imiqadi, yimiqolo (kufuneka isiseko Grouting).

Ukuziqhelisa, sebenzisa indlela elula yofakelo. Kulo mzekelo, izihlangu ekhwele ngentsimbi welding phakathi uncedo yesondo emazantsi iikholam. Xa uyilo iya kuchongwa ze ilungiswe, bathulula isicombululo.

Ayanda of columns kuquka ulungelelwaniso ngokucokisekileyo nangoncedo ucando izixhobo kunye phezulu. Ngelo xesha linye kukhangelwe uphawu zabo, verticality kunye nendawo kwisicwangciso. Kuba obandayo izakhiwo kusetyenziswa iibholiti anchor: imfuneko iziqwenga 2-4. ngokweekholamu ukuya kwi-15 m. Ukuze uzinzo zibonelela braces, ezo alukasuswa emva kokuba entengo lokugqibela. izinto Higher komeleza ngakumbi ezikhaphukhaphu, amaqhina kunye braces okwethutyana. Ukuze ufumane sikhokelo ozinzileyo kubhetele entabeni ende kunye kwezixhaso crane.