Lokusila Gerhardt e Volgograd (ifoto)

Volgograd unanamhla ugcina kukhunjulwa zoyikekayo Second World War. Phantse yatshatyalaliswa isixeko lonke, yaye izakhiwo eseleyo aba ngohlobo iziporho, owenzakeleyo yi ekonookrwece iimbumbulu. imizamo Incredible ediniwe kodwa aphumelele imfazwe abantu ebuyiselweyo yakhiwa ngokutsha Stalingrad. Emva koko ke izakhiwo ezitsha eziphakamileyo apho, izikwere ububanzi iindlela, kodwa inkumbulo ezo ziganeko ezoyikekayo uyaphila.

incazelo

Mill Gerhardt - ubungqina cwaka, asinda idabi lithemba abantu Soviet nxamnye Fascism. Ekhubazekile isakhiwo ngabom ebuyiselweyo washiya nje ezinjalo, ukuze lakheke izizukulwana ezizayo. Ke kaloku amabhodlo amashishini umgubo yokugaya zifakiwe kwi "Idabi Stalingrad" ye zakhiwo myuziyam.

ukubonakala

lokusila Gerhardt e Volgograd ine imbali pre-imfazwe umdla ezabhalwa emva 1899, xa usomashishini Alexander Gerhardt kweli thanga German kwiphondo Straub Novouzensk County Samara wanikwa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba ukwakhiwa iinkampani nokugaya. Ngehlobo lowe-1900 phezu ngaphandle Caricino yabonakala Gerhardt lokusila. Waza waqala ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa yomgubo.

lokusila Gerhardt ku Volgograd. indaba

Ngexesha umlilo 1907 okusila kutshiswa phantsi phantse emhlabeni. Kodwa ngoMeyi 1908 yakhiwa kwakhona, ekwakheni ezazisetyenziswa kugunyaziso ngokutsha iindonga kwaye luqiniswe nezakhiwo eziphathekayo, ngexesha le ndlela selekhulile.

Esi sakhiwo siza kuba namandla kakhulu, Ebubanzini kweendonga zayo - malunga imitha, ngoko Gerhardt lokusila nje ngaphandle izandi ngokupheleleyo ezenziwe ngezitena ebomvu. Interior izilinganisi nabo zizakubalulwa kwithekhinoloji ukulungiselela ixesha. generator Own ukuba amashishini ukunqanda uphazamiseko ngenxa yokungabikho kombane kunye zokuthutha mechanical ukwandisa imveliso. Kwabakho iRoma, igumbi kwibhoyila kunye indawo yokugcina kweemveliso ugqibile. Eli bhotwe industrial Gerhardt ngaphandle umgubo, kuquka ioli ngokucindezela, ukubhaka kunye nemveliso rybokoptilnoe.

ngonyaka 1911-1942

Ekuqaleni kuka-1911, le nkampani iye yazisa ingeniso endilisekileyo, kwaye ekuveliseni abasebenzi 78 baqeshwa, umsebenzi shift eyathatha iiyure ezilishumi enesiqingatha. Emva kokuba revolution 1917 Gerhardt lokusila zadliwa uhulumeni, yaye de 1929 wabizwa inombolo lokusila eqhelekileyo 4. Emva kokufa K. Grudinina, lowo wayesebenza Turner kule nkampani Gerhardt, kwaye emva kokuba revolution wathabatha inxaxheba phantsi kwesizwe yayo, okusila wanikwa igama yosongo ungasekhoyo. Owasungula le nkampani, wafa-Aprili 21, 1933, emva kokuba ebanjiwe yi NKVD.

umsebenzi wakhe waqhubeka lokusila de 1942, wayeka imveliso iziqhushumbisi ophezulu-edubulayo ukuba wawa phezu kophahla lweshishini. Ngenxa ukuwa kwabo kwisakhiwo lokusila, ebulala abasebenzi abaninzi. Inxalenye abasebenzi babalekiswa, abanye baqalisa ukuze akhusele isixeko nokufikelela ngobuchule kubalulekile emlanjeni.

ngonyaka 1942-1943

Okusila waqhubeka ekhonza ngokuthembeka emzini wakhe emva kokuba isakhiwo ezisiweyo phantsi unit kolawulo Chervyakova uLieutenant mlilo. Kuyo kunye namakhaya ezingabamelwane Pavlova kunye Zabolotnogo waba isithuba umyalelo ibekwe yeshumi Guards Rifle Division. Le ndawo iye yaba liziko kwegazi: indawo utshaba lisondele kakhulu yaye ukuba bayeke ukusetyenziswa kweziqhushumbisi. Isakhiwo kunye nabantu kulo babulawa. isimo lwabo ungaphulwa nkqu zibhombu nomlilo zokudubula.

Amajoni Red Army ahlala ukuziphendulela umjikelezo lokusila wawungqinga, iintsuku 58 avuthuze ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. Ukulwa zazilwela zonke intshi komhlaba. Kufutshane okusila ukuya emlanjeni Kundithuthuzela kubantu bethu. Apho benza kwibhulorho. Emva kwemini umlambo lwenziwa umlilo rhoqo kwaye nkqu ebudeni bobusuku ukusebenzisa kwibhulorho kwakuyingozi kakhulu, kodwa kwakungekho enye.

Ngo-1943 kwaqala a ekhubekisayo elikhulu-isikali amajoni ethu kummandla Mamayev Kurgan, zikhukula kummandla "Januwari 9" uyekile ukuba iziko komlilo. Ngoko amasoldati Red Army bakwazi ukuqokelela imizimba oogxa babo, baye ke sangcwatywa amaqhawe ewile kwesikweri emangcwabeni, kwaye loxolo sele ifakiwe granayiti.

Le minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe

Kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, i ukubuyisela esebenzayo aloo mzi, wahlala engayi Gerhardt lokusila. Stalingrad yakhiwa ngokutsha, kodwa izakhiwo eziliqela, kuquka lokusila, wamshiya njengokuba kwimemori lokulwa embi wamagazi.

Inxaxheba of the Great Patriotic War Malyutina n Yakovlevna wandixelela ukuba mzi kususwa abahlaseli waseJamani, ukuba kubonakala kude. Limele uthuthu kunye amabhodlo ngamatye akakwazanga ukumelana nomlilo ezibulalayo, bema abantu.

Esi sakhiwo mde-4 Stalingrad baba amabhodlo okusila kunye nendlu Pavlova, yonke enye into ayikho entla kwamadolo. Ukuze uqalise umsebenzi ukubuyiselwa ukuba demine umzi ezifunekayo. Ngoko kuphela zesigunyaziso kummandla okusila kunye nendlu Pavlova Gerhardt wathabatha iminyaka enye enesiqingatha. Nangona esi sakhiwo ejikelezwe yi ucingo, abantwana ukwazi kwakunzima ukuba ayeke. Ngoko ke amaqokobhe ngokungenalusini karhulumente waqhubeka ndibabulale loxolo.

Kangangexesha elide udubulo nangoku weva ngeenxa Stalingrad, amaqokobhe waseJamani ngeenkani akazange afune ukuba ashiye ilizwe Russian. Kodwa ke abantu eSoviet ayizange lithemba, wayibamba sakhiwo. Abantu babehlala ngoko rhoqo naphi na. Umzekelo, kuloo ndawo 2 wabashiya ekuhlaseleni Stalingrad ezintathu German, loo nto omnye wabo wenza dormitory eyindoda. Ukubuyisa nesixeko yi imfazwe wenziwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngexesha elifutshane, abantu baqala ukungena izindlu ezintsha.

Ukwakha panorama Battle of Stalingrad lwembali yaqala ngo-1967, ngoku ke Museum kunye nesakhiwo lokusila, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ezi ikhadi ubizo yesixeko. Namhlanje, ukuziphendulela lolondolozo entsonkothileyo Stalingrad wajika Gerhardt lokusila.

Volgograd ngoku - isixeko eqhubela ukuba akawalibalanga amaqhawe alo: abantu balapha atyelele rhoqo kwindawo yokungcwaba amajoni ilwelwe kwilizwe labo. A esicace Idabi Stalingrad myuziyam ubonisa ngendlela eyoyikekayo emfazweni kunye nentshabalalo, xa amathambo ezijijekileyo izakhiwo kunzima ukwazi Volgograd yangoku. Xa iziganeko ozinikezeleyo Usuku Uloyiso, amagqala abasindileyo ilila uthethe ezo ziganeko ezimbi imfazwe, kwaye ukwakhiwa lokusila endala imi njengomfuziselo mlilo zethu ukuxhathisa. Eziwayo izinto, ilitye zanyibilika, baza basinda abantu!

Windmill ngelo xesha lakalokunje

kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo, Gerhardt (Volgograd) lokusila waba sivulelekile ukuba sihlolwe kwi ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo ngxi. Namhlanje, ukoyika kokuwa kunye neengozi, alihlole kuvunyelwa ngaphandle kuphela, kodwa kufutshane wavumela iqela excursion ezinqabileyo intatheli. Izinyuko zivaliwe ukusuka imivalo prying. Kodwa nkqu kunokuthi kubonwe into amadabi ezoyikekayo yenzeka phakathi kumgangatho ngamnye wesakhiwo. Ngokusebenzisa ukhenketho ekhokelwa bethetha ngayo loo mihla ezoyikekayo, abasebenzi imyuziyam bonisa lwaziwa ngabantu abasuka iimbumbulu kunye amaqokobhe phezu kweendonga sakhiwo.

Wasinda ngenxa kuyilo zayo ezinamandla, kodwa ngoku utshaba lwakhe iphambili lixesha. Ngoko ke, izicwangciso imyuziyam ukulondoloza isakhiwo nokunyanga ukutyabeka hydrophobic ukuze awukhusele umonakalo ongaphezulu.

2013

Ngo-2013, isakhiwo selitye olwalubekwe ikopi encinane sculpture ithende abantwana umdaniso. Kuba ukuthembeka enkulu wayefuna ukwenza kube imigodi ezimbalwa, ngoko sagqiba ekubeni saa kakhulu kunye ngasemthonjeni inomfana amaxesha hit ngesando.

Iindwendwe emzini kufuneka utyelele le imyuziyam buhlungu. lokusila Gerhardt e Volgograd (iifoto abakwazi ukuveza zonke iminqweno zonke efileyo) bazikhumbule ixesha elide.