Lobuntombi Tower e Baku

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo abaninzi akhiwe yamandulo elikomkhulu Azerbaijan, Baku. Ntombazana Tower, imifanekiso leyo zithiwe thaca kweli nqaku - enye kunazo zonke yaye wamazwi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho ezaziwayo umhla kokwakhiwa kwale ndawo, okanye injongo yayo yokwenene. Maiden Tower ugcina ezifihlakeleyo yayo. Kwezinye kubo uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

Inkangeleko kwenqaba

A imbonakalo unique bokwakha wentombi leyo Tower kude kube ngoku icebisa abantu bangenwe luloyiko. It liphuma inxalenye yonxweme Icheri Sheher (Old City) kwaye igqalwa omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha ngaselwandle "sibonakala" komzi Baku. Ezimandundu isakhiwo uluhlu ibekwe phezu kwelitye, iindawo ngaphakathi ashlar ibiyelwe kunye uqikelelo omise ukuvuka ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Kwicala esempuma Ntombazana kaThixo Tower abe Buze esinenjongo igcina ingaziwa. Le nto akungekhe kubekho indawo yokuzimela, akukho enezixhaso okanye "kusabela", ebonisa amatye engundoqo. Iindlela kwezityalo zokukhusela, ngaba ingabekwa kwentungo yenqaba leyo inde, uhlobo lwemithombo elithe ayifikelelekanga imihla yethu. Nesakhiwo umphezulu ekhethekileyo umzimba akhiwa nokuxuba exabe ingontsi kunye nezivelayo imiqolo wamatye.

Le yangaphakathi isithuba tridtsatimetrovoy inqaba cupolas ilitye caba yohlulwe amanqanaba ezisibhozo nobhazabhaza siba ezihambelanayo. Esi sakhiwo abemi ukuya ku ezimakhulu mabini. Amanzi zikwazi ukuthathwa nequla linzulu. Ebubanzini iindonga inqaba kwi kwisiseko - iziimitha ezintlanu, phezulu - neemitha ezine. Kuba ubukhulu balo lugqithe sondo ilitye Apsheron iinqaba, Ebubanzini bodonga yayo ezimbini kuphela mitha.

Umhla ukwakhiwa

Izazinzulu nangoku Nixoxisana ngantoni xa lwakwakhiwa Ntombazana kaThixo Tower. Ekunene bomnyango esityeni ilitye, nto leyo igximfizwe Kufic othi: "Gubba (cupola arch) Masuda Dawood bin". Ngokusekelwe uhlobo lokubhala la magama (script Arabic), ukwakhiwa kwenqaba ixesha elide, waye ezabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-12. Noko ke, kamva izazinzulu yasinika ngononophelo iilebhile. Okokuqala, igama elithi "Gubba", maxa wambi eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "esibhakabhakeni", ngokufuthi lalisetyenziswa kumaXesha Aphakathi ukuya yokungcwabela amaSilamsi ipleyiti umphefumlo wemka waya kuThixo ngqo. Apho eludongeni amangcwaba ilitye piece sondo? Okwesibini, isisombululo apho nembasa uphumle, akwenziwanga kwaba isetyenziswe ngexesha ukwakha inqaba. Kubonakala ukuba umbhalo wabonakala phezu kwisakhiwo ngengozi, ngexesha ukulungisa, xa ngokukhawuleza ngoncedo amatye kwatywinwa umonakalo abanye ezindongeni. Mhlawumbi le ndawo esingenasiphelo-umngxuma okanye ibhokisi isikwere. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwenqaba Maiden Baku kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Eyokuqala iphathelene ngexesha pre-yamaSilamsi, okwesibini - kwenkulungwane ye-12.

indaba

Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo isicelo ngenxa Ntombazana Tower. Ngenkulungwane ye-12 kwaba inqaba kungenakugqithwa le Shirvanshahs, inqaba enkulu kwinkqubo yokhuselo ka Baku. Kwiinkulungwane 18-19 yayisetyenziswa ubume nje lighthouse, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-1958, ngomhla we-13 Juni. Ngo-1907 i iinqanawa wasuswa ukusuka phezulu kwezakhiwo kwi siqithi Nargin njengokukhanya yayo idibane izibane komzi ebusuku.

Maiden Tower waye ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi ngokubuyiselwa. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ngexesha sokuphuculwa evela emazinyweni ayo phezulu kwasuswa (machicolations) nezokhuselo. Ukubuyiselwa lokugqibela lwesakhiwo lwaqhutywa ngo-1960, yaye kwiminyaka emine kamva nenqaba waba imyuziyam. Ngowe-2000, le lesikhumbuzo akhethekileyo zembali waba a World Heritage Site yi-UNESCO.

Le nqaba, esiphezu okanye indlu?

Uqikelelo malunga sabelo ukuzithethelela Ntombazana Tower, abaphandi baye wawancamisa ekuhleni. Lo msebenzi wokwakha nje akufanelekile ukuba impi - mhlawumbi indawo, nokuba okanye ubucukubhede zangaphakathi. Okokuqala, kwi tower window embalwa, ezithi zibekwe ecaleni leri ephambili phezulu kwaye elihlenga ezantsi naphezulu. Okwesibini, phezu kophahla lwezakhiwo, ngenxa yobukhulu encinane, akunakwenzeka ukuba abeke nayiphi sixhobo. Okwesithathu, intombi ka-Tower akazange abe unxulumano esisigxina phakathi amaqanaba. Umgangatho wokuqala iye yahlanganiswa kunye nabanye xesha kwizinyuko, ngelo na umzuzu ingashenxiswa.

Ukongezelela ngezakhiwo esikhethekileyo, Ntombazana Tower iyamangalisa ... ukuqanduselwa yayo. Ngaphezu koko, ke uthuthu ayikho iyunifom kwi isakhiwo umaleko, yaye yenzelwe ukuba ujikeleze imigangatho ezisixhenxe inqaba (apho ukukhanya izibane) kunye phezulu. Ngokutsho Imithombo yembali: "imililo ezisixhenxe olungacimiyo uvutha phezu" (uMoses Horessky, 5.), Kunye kwinqanaba ngalinye ukukhanya imibala eyahlukileyo. Yintoni eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kwinqaba twisiseni?

Kukho ukuqashisela ukuba Maiden Tower - Lighthouse yamandulo. Kodwa kutheni kwakhiwe isakhiwo omkhulu onjalo, uyingcwalise kumanqanaba ezisixhenxe, kanti kutsaleleka izibane ngokwaneleyo phezulu? Kumaxesha akutshanje, waza wasebenzisa ukwakhiwa njengomthombo wokukhanya, yaye inyango, kodwa injongo yayo yokuqala kuba akukho namnye kuye ezichongiweyo. Eyona kungenzeka ukhetho - zonqulo. Igama kanye le nqaba - "GIZ Galasi" - elinokuguqulelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Igama elithi "zegala", okanye "Kala", uye abantu zamaTurkic mihla ukuba 'Tower "okanye" kwinqaba ", kumaxesha amandulo kwaba intsingiselo eyahlukileyo. "Kala" - indawo apho umlilo ovuthayo izithethe.

Kutheni le nqaba ebizwa ngokuba "intombi"?

Xa ihlabathi eninzi ufakelo ekuthiwa "Ntombazana Tower". Istanbul, eCrimea, Tallinn, Belgorod-Dnevstrosky ukuqhayisa iinqaba enegama elifanayo. Isibakala sokuba zonke ezi iinqaba zakhiwa amaxesha kuMbindi Ages udakumbile, xa mntu wayengazange woyisa nqaba kwakusithiwa "intombi", oko kukuthi akukho watyelela izandla nakubani. Kuyabonakala ukuba, igama layo Baku Inqaba bamandulo, xa isithethe baseYurophu baqalisa ukuba angene kuloo abemi yokucinga esempuma Azerbaijan.

Legend of the Baku Ntombazana

Kukho amabali amaninzi yamandulo ezinxulumene igama "Ntombazana Tower". Legend of the Baku Virgin uthi ngamaxesha pre-Islamic a Khan, owayelawula abekwezo ndawo, wayefuna ukutshata intombi yakhe, ngubani wamkhumbuza ngesiquphe umfazi lowo ungasekhoyo amthandayo. Lowo wamkela intsikelelo yoothixo bazo, wakha imbeko kwinqaba umtshakazi ezukileyo phezulu eliweni yaye bakulungele ukuqalisa imisebenzi nokubalelwa. Nangona kunjalo, le ntwazana wamelana ukuthanda uyise Kwabandithiyileyo ngomzuzu wokugqibela atsibe kwinqaba elwandle olulwayo lwadamba. Wave wambamba umzimba wakhe ethe kwaye betha nasemaweni. Ukususela ngoko, i sondo elikhulu ilitye ethwele igama "Ntombazana". Xa sibhenela izibakala yenene yembali, unako ukufumana isiqinisekiso engangqalanga iziganeko ezichazwe welivo. Ngowe-439-457 AD. e. umlawuli Sassanid Iezdigerd ngokwenene bavuselela isiko mandulo beli, njengako ezo wavumela abazalwana ukuba atshate oodade, kwaye noobawo - neentombi. Kulo amabali ngasentla inokufumaneka ntlokoma ukungoneliseki nale meko.

Legend of njengegorha entsha

Enye legend of the Ntombazana kaThixo Tower ithatha ngayo kumaxesha amandulo, xa isixeko Baku igama "Bhagwan", nabemi bayo bakholwa uthixo beli Ahura Mazda. Umzi ongcwele iinyanga ezintathu phantsi zokungqinga, kwaye high school-umbingeleli wathi utshaba uya kutshatyalaliswa ngezandla iintombi abamsulwa. Kusasa phezu kwitempile yamandulo (Maiden Tower) ube njengegorha enkulu embala kunye nekrele elidangazelayo, ngesandla sakhe. Oku kwanda eliphezulu kwaye betha umphathi utshaba - Nur-Eddin Shah - tye entliziyweni. Noko ke, ngoko nangoko bawa wamthanda sandibulala umfana oselula yaye eyinzwana. Ayikwazi ukumelana loo mbandezelo, Ntombi wagwaza ngokwakhe ikrele, wafa, waza wabuyela umphefumlo wakhe etempileni. iintsuku zasixhenxe nobusuku bevuthela yimimoya enamandla - Gilavar kunye Xazri. Bona ukucima imililo engcwele etempileni. Kodwa farsangs ezisixhenxe engcwele wavutha anjengedangatye entsha. Ukususela ngoko, etempileni eyintlango omiweyo yi umphefumlo iqhawe abatsha. Ngamanye amaxesha ishiya yokusabela, iyabhabha elwandle ekhangela umntu omthandayo omnye kunye nomsindo umgudu lilize, kuphakamisa imimoya ububi ezikhokelela uqhwithela.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, le ntsomi naye siphantsi isiganeko yokwenene yembali. Ngexesha singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko Nur-Eddin Shah (7-6 cc. BC. E.) Kwakukho kwabakho inyikima kwisithili Baku. ukubana komhlaba kukhokelele kwinto yokuba igesi ( "imililo engcwele ') waqalisa luvele kwidolophana Sura-Hana (" farsangs asixhenxe "kwezakhiwo" Ntombazana Tower "). Ukuya ku 1902 kule ndawo yaba etempileni waza wayitshisa ngomlilo ongacimekiyo.

isiphelo

Mysterious, engqwabalala yaye akafikeleleka ibonakala Ntombazana Tower. Baku - emzini apho zodonga sase isongo zembali oriental kunye ezenzeka mihla. Le ndawo lifanelwe ingqalelo. Dark isakhiwo eliyimfihlakalo kwidolophu endala kanye Wavutha kunye nezibane ezinemibala, abahambi eyoyikekayo waphefumlela amagcisa kunye ziimbongi. Ngenxa Maiden Tower kufuneka amehlo akho. Ukuze ubone kwaye uzame ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na cwaka yamandulo GIZ Galasi udakada kweendonga zayo elingqingqwa, emva depth engaziwayo kwiinkulungwane hina.