Laser Femtosecond: inkcazelo, iintlobo, iimpawu isicelo kunye nohlaziyo

Makhe sithethe namhlanje ngoko a laser femtosecond. Yiyiphi imigaqo engundoqo osebenza layo nendlela kuyanceda ukulungisa umbono?

theory Bohr kaThixo

Xa benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, inzululwazi lifikelele kwinqanaba owawuza bakhangele isakhiwo-atom, indlela entsha - physics quantum. Umsebenzi wokuqala yayikukuqinisekisa electron kancinane musa kuwa phezu inucleus enzima atom ngayo nokuba kutheni. theory Previous ngokusekelwe quadratic Maxwell kaThixo, Bakubambana ukuba nayiphi na intlawulo ashukumayo isenza endle, ngenxa yoko, ulahlekelwa amandla. Ngenxa yoko, ovela ihamba ngendlela ujikeleza ngumongo kufuneka sisoloko ziveza kwaye ekugqibeleni kweyela ngumongo. Ibhoroni wacebisa ingcamango yokuba electron kwi-atom ibe kuphela xa imigama ezithile ukusuka kwiziko, kwaye utshintsho ukusuka komnye umgangatho ukuya komnye ihamba ukukhutshwa nokuba okanye Ukunciphisa amandla. Lo mbono ke kamva zichazwe ngokwemigaqo physics quantum. Ubukho amaqondo electron umile uye wavula indlela eya kule fyabo, i-laser (a femtosecond kuquka).

iziseko theoretical component laser

Xa oososayensi baqonde ilungiselelo atom, bafuna ukuba bafunde indlela yokulawula imeko electron. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, electron, leyo ngenxa yesizathu esithile ngumphakamo eliphezulu le-atom; ikhangela ukugcwalisa kumanqanaba asezantsi, ukuba bakhululekile. Xa amandla leenguqu yemisebe kwi ngohlobo photon ukukhanya, okanye photon. Kodwa okhoyo phakathi nayiphi na amanqanaba amabini kudala ezahlukeneyo ufaka ukukhanya. Kodwa ukuba elektroni ezininzi luya ngaxeshanye ukusuka phezulu ukuya kumgangatho osezantsi, kuya kuba njengomlambo ezininzi kuThixo ziluhlaza ezifanayo. Izicelo yale flow akupheli. Umzekelo, a femtosecond laser cataract ususa. Le yttrium isardiyo doped wafunyanwa inqanaba inversion ekuthiwa labemi, xa electron kungenzeka ukuba babuthe kwinqanaba eliphezulu, yaye emva koko bonke kunye yiya ezisezantsi. Eyona engundoqo amacandelo laser zilandelayo:

• ukusebenza ulwelo (a enencam evulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba inqanaba abantu zocaphulo);
• ukumpompa (umthombo apho "ukhuthaza" electron engapheliyo kwinqanaba uguqulo);
• a resonator ngohlobo yezibuko ezimbini ngaxeshanye (ukuba ziqwalaselwa kuphela ezo photons eziqala kwicala elinye, yaye zonke ezinye saa).

kwisiphumo ubume output inokuba rhoqo okanye ekhethekileyo. laser Femtosecond, umzekelo, woba uhlobo yesibini.

Micro, nano, femto

Zonke ezi consoles bamele yinxalenye lonke. Milli - is yenkulungwane share nantoni na, ezifana semitha. Okt aphindwe - kuba-10 ^-3 m. femto Isimaphambili kuthetha ukuba into ubunzima, okanye osuka kwi amaxesha-10 ukuya ^kwi-15 ezincinane ngaphezu kokuba umntu othile. Ngako oko, i-laser femtosecond unalo ukubetha kwentliziyo elifutshane kakhulu. Xa kufanelekile nganye yesibini ^{amaqhosha-15 Oktobha} pulses. Kutheni onjalo ixabiso kuchulumancisa ezincinane? Inyaniso yokuba amandla laser ixhomekeke elide kangakanani electron ukuba okukhona kwinqanaba nguqu. Nge eqhubekayo laser isizukulwana amandla ayikwazi phezulu. Kodwa elifutshane ngaphezu ukubetha nganye, kungona isivuno. iinkqubo ezininzi ixesha elide, kwaye njongo ukubetha kwentliziyo elifutshane onjalo azikaqapheleki. inkqubo Ukwamkela kubonakala ngathi laser oluqhubekayo. Kulo mzekelo, yokuvumelana le umqadi output namandla iphezulu kakhulu.

abanale

Emehlweni - a clouding lens. Umntu ophuhlisa, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uyazi isici enjalo lwembono: uphuhliso seengxangxasi ekupheleni umbono umfundi ayikho kakuhle. Kodwa ukuba turbidity kwenzeka embindini ilens, akuyi uqaphele ukuba buthathaka kwimboniselo akunakwenzeka. Eyona eziphambili ezibangela olu tshintsho emehlweni akhe, ezine:

• radiation yingozi ngeedosi eziphezulu;
• okuthuthuzela entloko nokuba uthe wasibetha esweni ngokwayo;
• diabetes;
• oluninzi ntshikilelo.

Physical nguye unobangela omnye - iproteni efumaneka lens iliso iqala ukuthob, iba. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba protein nokuguqulwa. Kwimeko ngelensi intshabalalo vuhlayiseki. Ngaphambili, abantu abadala kunye ngamehlo ezimhlophe baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo izalamane zabo kuba eneneni eyimfama. Ngoku, ke, esi sifo aphathwe ngempumelelo.

Unyango nge utyando cataract

Ngokwemveli, unyango ukuthini na uphazamiseko emzimbeni womntu loo nto angawugqithi ingqibelelo yayo: umqala obuhlungu ngayo kunye iipilisi kunye neti eshushu, wonqanyulwa umnwe - namafutha aqholiweyo kunye amabhandeji.

Kodwa kulo mzekelo, unyango olukhulu - uqhaqho. Ngokwesiqhelo ngeli lizwi kuthetha amanxeba, sutures, ezo ixesha elide ukuphila, iintlungu kunye nokulahlekelwa yokuphila eqhelekileyo. Kwimeko kotyando cataract ukuba nimelwe ukoyika, kuba liqatywe idla ezincinane kakhulu, 2-3 mm, akukho imithambo yegazi na ukusika, lo Ukubulawa yasekuhlaleni.

Amanqanaba of operation:

1. Yeso ke anaesthetized kunye ngamathontsi ezikhethekileyo.
2. Iris liqatywe (liqatywe akukho ngaphezulu kwe-3 mm ubude).
3. Ilens kufakwa isixhobo okhethekileyo.
4. Le fowuni oguqula ilens endala emulsified.
5. Le emulsion ke owawanyayo.
6. Thina angenise lens entsha zokufakelwa ethambileyo.
7. Isixhobo livela esweni.

Le nkqubo ithatha malunga imizuzu eli-15, emva koko umntu aye ekhaya ngokwakhe.

It is at the stage yotshintsho lens endala emulsified usebenzisa laser femtosecond. Zamehlo owaziyo kwaye omnye umzekelo wokusetyenziswa lwe laser - sasilungiswa ukubona kunye astigmatism. Kodwa libali eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Izinto eziluncedo laser kwi unyango seengxangxasi

Ngoko nangoko ukubiza ethile omnye - le ndlela ibiza kakhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, kuzo zonke ezinye iinkalo Kwakubhetele ndlela ngaphambili. Ngokutsho ncomo, eli laphu ngaphantsi ezimashakeleyo ezingqonge ilens, uya kudlula uguqulo kwi emulsion, i encinane ubungakanani bamasuntswana onesiphumo, ukuba asetyenziswe laser operation femtosecond. Izimvo lo msebenzi ezincomekayo kakhulu zombini evela kwizigulane kunye kumagqirha.

Sele ekhankanywe ukuba ukusetyenziswa laser hlengiswe kakhulu ukubona. Noko ke, kude kube ngoku, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo yasetyenziselwa kulo msebenzi, kwaye unyango kwamehlo. Isigulana yeyona nto ibalulekileyo - umgangatho lo msebenzi, kodwa ke iklinikhi ebonelela ngeenkonzo ezinjalo, ndingathanda ukuchitha kwizixhobo hayi imali eninzi. Kulo mzekelo, ndahlangula Victus laser femtosecond: usetyenziswe ukwenza imisebenzi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka nje ukutshintsha useto.