Kwingqula, intlala ye kwingqula. Le intlala inkulu kwingqula

Enye izakhiwo yokwakheka ye phecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla yi kwingqula. Engumshumayeli kubonakala ngathi ngeselula, nto leyo ethile Ukujula kwawo iqulathe imisipha ababandakanyekayo ekubunjweni ilizwi. Ngokuqhelekileyo olu lwazi lifike esiphelweni. Enyanisweni, yonke into inzima kancinci kakhulu. Ngoko ke kufuneka uthethe ngakumbi.

ukwakheka

Kwingqula ibekwe malunga IV, V kunye VI amathambo wesibeleko, ngoko nangoko emva kokuqalisa ithambo hyoid watyhutyha ilizwe ngaphambili entanyeni. Emva kwakhe ithamo. Kuye umyalezo ukusuka kwingqula ukuya emnyango kwingqula, kodwa ukuze ukutya alifikeleli imiphunga, yaye umoya - esiswini, indalo lwanika iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ezifana njengoko epiglottis, leyo avale sayo pharynx ngexesha eyinkuthazo ngokutshintsha kwingqula ngexesha ukuginya, ukwabelana ukuze umsebenzi ngala mabhunga.

Ngapha nangapha kwingqula zezi bundle neurovascular omkhulu entanyeni naphambi konke oku ehlanganiswa izihlunu, ifascia, kwaye ingaba lengqula. Ukusuka apha ngezantsi, iya kungena uqhoqhoqho, uze - kule bronchi.

Ngaphandle kwemisipha wengxenye intlala sisasetyenziswayo limelwe ngesiqingatha-amakhonkco ezisithoba, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nogwali ukuhamba.

, Ingakumbi abantu

A phawu uphawu ubume kwingqula kumntu wesini onamandla ubukho apile Adam okanye apile i-Adam. Yinto yinxalenye intlala lengqula, nto leyo ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, i kakhulu ethandwa ngabantu kwabasetyhini. Nangona bekuya kuba sengqiqweni ukucinga imeko umva, kuba isakhelo dystrophy entanyeni, nto leyo yokugubungela intlala, abafazi ngokuncipha.

nokwakheka

Kwingqula na umngxuma, nto leyo ndizifihle ngaphakathi kakuhle kwaye emanzi ilaphu - isifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yonke em- emzimbeni uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu: aphezulu, phakathi nolusezantsi. Top - a evarandeni kwingqula, ukuba iingqameko phantsi enembonakalo ifanele. Umyinge - lo umsantsa phakathi kweentlanti lokwenyaniso nolobuxoki kwezwi. Inxalenye esezantsi kusetyenziswa unxibelelwano kunye noqhoqhoqho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunye nezintsonkothileyo kwisebe isakhiwo - avareji. Nazi ke intlala kunye nemisipha ze kwingqula, ngalo ilizwi yenziwe.

amazwi Education

Isithuba phakathi imisipha kuthiwa "glottis". Ukunciphisa kwingqula liyitshintshe iintambo enixabana kunye notshintsho noqhoqhoqho uqwalaselo. Xa umntu exhales, umoya udlula le glottis, ebangela ngeentambo nendlebe. Le nto yenza ukuba izandi ndithethile, ezifana izikhamiso. Ukuze aphimisele isandi esingunombini, wena kusafuneka inxaxheba inkalakahla, ulwimi, amazinyo kunye nemilebe. umsebenzi ezinxityelelanisiweyo kwenza ukuba ukuthetha, ukucula kunye ukuxelisa izandi yokusingqongileyo size sixelise amazwi abanye abantu okanye izilwanyana. ngezwi ngoboya nzulu ebantwini ngenxa lungu yabo yokwakheka lide, nto leyo ethetha ukuba webhokisi kunye namandla awo enkulu.

ontogeny

Ubume kwingqula kwaye zisenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubudala loo mntu. Oku kubangelwa kutheni amadoda abakreqayo ilizwi emva ukufikisa. Ezisanda kuzalwa kunye nabantwana kufuneka umqala emifutshane ububanzi, ingaphezulu ngaphezu koko umntu omdala. Oku akuthethi rozhkovidnyh schitopodyazychnyh intlala kunye nemisipha. Kuya kuthatha waphela kuphela iminyaka elishumi.

Udonga kwingqula

Xa kujongwa ukusuka kwindawo nezobhalo lwembono, ukusuka ngaphandle ngaphakathi maleko zayo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Isikhumba.
• inyama ongama.
• Cartilages, nemisipha, izihlunu.
• Ifayibha-elastic esingxotyeni (ngokumelwa kwizicwili).
• Yangaphakathi - a epithelium multicore ciliated neerhali zeethishu mgaqweni nokuqina, ezo ihlanganiswa nwebu yangaphambili.
• Le isinxibelelanisi ipleyiti engaphandle - intlala elastic iquka kwingqula.

skeleton engqongqo kwingqula

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho phylogenetically kwakheka unit exhasa kwingqula. cartilages Laryngeal ezi amakhonkco isiqingatha yehlathi ebambe laphu eseleyo intamo isabelo nomzimba belenza Ngenxa tube vuphukuphuku. Phakathi kwabo ukuba nemisipha enxibeleleneyo. Ukwahlula phakathi cartilages abangatshatanga kunye zidityaniswe ye kwingqula.

cartilages eyodwa

Le ukwakheka komzimba emithathu intlala, ukungabi noogxa. cartilages laryngeal Unpaired zicwangciswe kwi-axis enye, enye ngezantsi enye ngasentla.

1. intlala Epiglottic, okanye epiglottis i imbasa, imilo efana sembali intyatyambo okanye igqabi. Inxalenye ebanzi ibekwe ngaphezu intlala lengqula, kwaye emxinwa, wababiza likhaba eqhotyoshelwe ikona ngaphakathi.
2. Thyroid - le intlala inkulu kwingqula, ime phakathi epiglottis kunye intlala cricoid. igama layo elivumelana zombini ifomu kunye nokusebenza kwale yinxalenye yomzimba. Thyroid intlala ye kwingqula kukukhusela inxalenye engaphakathi trauma. It ukhandwa iipleyiti ezimbini ebuxande ezinyibilikiswe phakathi. Kweli nqanaba, i kummango amiliswe phezulu apho kukho ukuphakama, nto leyo uthwala kwimiphimbo. Emacaleni kwipleyiti zidityaniswe waso - uphondo (ephezulu ngaphantsi). Abo emazantsi, uliciko kunye intlala cricoid, incopho - kunye ithambo hyoid. Kwicala elingaphandle le intlala une umgca inxalenye elibhalwe ngokumileyo apho kukho izihlunu zangaphandle kwingqula eqhotyoshelweyo.
3. intlala Cricoid ye kwingqula - kuba sisiseko asemzimbeni yomzimba. Nemilo siyafana ngokupheleleyo igama kube ngathi umsesane lomntu, wokutywina eneenkcukacha eyadlulayo. Kwicala ngalinye kukho phezu articular ukuba uqhagamshelwano arytenoid kunye ndlala intlala. Lelona intlala yesibini inkulu kwingqula.

cartilages nesithandwa

Kwakhona abathathu, ngokuba indalo uthanda ulingano kwaye ijolise ukubonisa ukuba uthando kuyo nayiphi na imeko okunokwenzeka:

1. Cherpalovdnye. intlala Arytenoid ye kwingqula emise ngathi iphiramidi elingunxantathu ogama enkcochoyini ujongene umva kancinci ukuya embindini umzimba. noseko lwalo yinxalenye umphezulu ngokuhlangeneyo kunye intlala cricoid. Xa iimbombo iiphiramidi ziqhotyoshelwe izihlunu: ngaphambili - Voice nangesemva - nangasemva kwaye phambi perstnecherpalovidnye izihlunu.
2. Rozhkovidnye ongaphezu kwiincopho intlala arytenoid.
3. Nesinqumka ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe supraglottic-arhola emajukujukwini alo. Izibini ezimbini zokugqibela cartilages ezi sesamoid kwaye ziyahluka imilo kunye nesikhundla.

Zonke ngokuseka ziphenjelelwa ibe umzimba ezifana emlonyeni. Le intlala ye kwingqula enze imisebenzi eyimfuneko ukuze sihlale ubomi obuqhelekileyo babantu. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi ngokuphathelele phonation.

amalungu omzimba

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, cartilages enxulumene kunye nemisipha kunye namalungu. Kwingqula zibe ngambini elinye kwelinye:

1. Va cricoid kunye ndlala intlala. Bona akhiwa iindawo ecaleni intlala cricoid ukuba ezikufutshane asezantsi uphondo lengqula. Xa uqhuba kule ingcinezelo joint lungu ziyohluka, kwaye ke ngoko, ukuphakama kwelizwi.
2. Va cricoid kunye arytenoid cartilages. Oku kuyilwa iindawo articular (kutshona kwezisezantsi iindawo zepiramidi) intlala arytenoid kunye site intlala articular cricoid. Ukufudukela kakhulu omnye komnye, ezi zakhiwo yokwakheka ukutshintsha ububanzi glottis.

iinyanda

Njengoko umzimba mobile, nemisipha kuba negalelo elikhulu ekwakheni njani kwingqula. Le intlala ye kwingqula zigcinwe ngendlela imisonto kwizicwili zilingana olutshintshatshintshayo:

1. Schitopodyazychnaya bama - ukuba yinxalenye inwebu schitopodyazychnoy enkulu, ngalo kwingqula yonke iqhotyoshelwe kule ithambo hyoid. Ngalo isebenza esiqhumeni neurovascular kwanikwa umzimba.
2. Schitonadgortannaya lungu imfutshane ukudibanisa epiglottis ukuya intlala lengqula.
3. esithengiswayo Hyoepiglottidean.
4. Perstnetrahealnaya lungu inxibelelanisa kwingqula ukuya uqhoqhoqho, eqhotyoshelwe kule intlala yokuqala kwingqula.
5. bundle gqiba idibanisa cricoid kunye ndlala cartilages. Oku ngenene iingxwaba-inwebu elastic ehamba ecaleni kumphezulu obusezintongeni kwingqula. Kuyinto umaleko phakathi intlala kunye yangaphakathi.
6. ezibayeni nomculo - ziyingxenye cone ilastiki, egubungele izihlunu ilizwi.
7. Cherpalonadgortannaya esithengiswayo.
8. Yazychnonadgortannye lungu odityanisiweyo ingcambu ulwimi kunye cipande kobuso epiglottis.

imisipha

Kukho iindidi ezimbini ukuhlela izihlunu ze kwingqula. Okokuqala - it luyasebenza. Iluthe zonke izihlunu ku:

• Constrictors, leyo linciphise lo glottis kunye em- kwingqula, iyenza nzima ukuze umoya ukwazi iqukuqele.
• Dilators, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwandiswa kwingqula kunye glottis, ngokulandelelana kwazo.
• Muscle, ekwaziyo bujikwe ukuqina imisipha.

Ngokutsho yokuhlela yesibini, ukuba yahlulwe ngaphandle kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi. Malunga baxoxe ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

imisipha extraocular

izihlunu Extraocular ngokungathi isongelwe kwingqula. cartilages Laryngeal inkxaso nje kuphela, kodwa ngaphandle. Anatomists ngokuqhelekileyo bahlule iqela ibe ezimbini engaphandle kwenye: eyokuqala ekunokuthiwa ezo izihlunu ukuba incamathele kwi intlala lengqula, kwaye eyesibini - ziqhotyoshelwe amathambo asemzimbeni yobuso.

iqela lokuqala:

• grudinoschitovidnaya;
• schitopodyazychnaya.

Iqela lesibini:

• grudinopodyazychnaya;
• scapular-hyoid;
• shilopodyazychnaya;
• digastric;
• mentohyoid.

imisipha yangaphakathi

Kuyimfuneko ukuze ukutshintsha imeko epiglottis, kwaye amncede ukwenza imisebenzi yayo, kwaye ukutshintsha uqwalaselo glottis. Ezi imisipha ziquka:

• Cherpalonadgortannaya yakha cherpalonadgortannuyu esibayeni. Ngexesha yokuginya nokuncipha kwale isihlunu utshintsha indawo epiglottis ukuze esilala emnyango emqaleni yaye abazange angaphosi ukuba adle.
• Schitonadgortannaya, phezu koko, lo gama ukunciphisa epiglottis osusa phezu kwaye avule emqaleni.
• perstnecherpalovidnaya lateral ukutshintsha ububanzi glottis. Xa wayinciphisa, kukho kukuhlangana nemisipha kunye glottis iba.
• Buyela perstnecherpalovidnaya ancitshisiweyo wayephemfulelwe, yaye bathetha nezibaya ngaphandle, etsala umva ukuya emacaleni, sivumele umoya Kwathi ngakumbi kwisiqwenga sokuphefumla.
• imisipha Voice inoxanduva iimpawu imisipha, njengoko elide okanye elifutshane, eladlulayo okanye ekhululekile, ukuba ziyafana ngokunxulumene nenye. Ukususela umsebenzi izihlunu kuxhomekeke ngethoni yelizwi, aberrations yakhe, nobuchule ngamagama.

Imisebenzi ye kwingqula

Umsebenzi wokuqala, Kakade ke, ukuphefumla. Kwaye iqulathe ukuzivumelanisa ukuhamba nomoya iphecana sokuphefumla. Ukutshintsha ububanzi glottis awukuvumeli emoyeni ngexesha iphefumlelwe kakhulu ngokukhawuleza awele uqhoqhoqho kunye bronchi. Kwelinye icala, umoya ke andinako ukuzisindisa ukusuka emiphungeni kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ngoxa ongenakuwelwa exchange igesi.

epithelium Ciliated le inwebu kwiinwebu kwingqula luthatha umsebenzi wayo wesibini - zokhuselo. Kubonakala ukuba ngamasuntswana amancinci uthuli ukutya kuwa kwisiqwenga ukungaphefumli ngenxa umsebenzi eququzelelweyo le isiliya. Ukongeza, iziphelo luvo kwiseti zikhona kwi isifo, ziyivela kakhulu namaqumrhu angaphandle kwaye ngexesha inkanuko ezenza ekhohlela. Kweli nqanaba, i epiglottis ivale ngasemnyango kwingqula, Akwangena wasemzini ukuze umkhumbula. Ukuba umba nangoku kule kwingqula, intlala ye kwingqula kusincede ziyasebenzisana, kwaye kukho zidlulela le glottis. Oku, kwelinye icala, kuthintela ukungena ukutya kunye nezinye olawulo bronchi, enye - esilala umoya. Ukuba uncedo ingafiki ngokukhawuleza, umntu esifa.

Last kuluhlu lwethu - golosoobrazovatelnaya umsebenzi kwingqula. Oku kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubume yokwakheka kwe kwingqula kunye nendlela umntu ongumnini isixhobo emphinjeni. Kwinkqubo yokukhula kunye nophuhliso abantu bafunda ukuthetha, mbetheleni uhadi, acengceleze imibongo iprozi, ukuba sixelise amazwi isilwanyana okanye izandi lokusingqongileyo, kunye nabanye abantu ngamanye amaxesha nezimpawu. Inqanaba eliphezulu lolawulo lomzimba wakho, amathuba kokukhona ebantwini.

Oku, ngokufutshane komzimba oluqhelekileyo ubume bendalo kunye amalungu ye kwingqula. Ukususela Inqaku bafunda indlela ekubaluleke ngayo umsebenzi umzimba womntu kumsebenzi nokuba cartilages laryngeal zidlala indima ebalulekileyo apha. Ngenxa yakhe, sidla siphefumla ukuthetha poperhaemsya lonke ixesha into adle. Ngelishwa, akukho basengozini ngaphezu kwezinye izifo ezosulelayo kunye neenkqubo neoplastic