Kwilali lama kwingingqi Nizhny Novgorod: photo, izizathu

kwilali lama kummandla Nizhny Novgorod - yinto ebuhlungu ukuze sibonwe ngamehlo abo baze umfanekiso. Kutheni abahlali bashiye amakhaya abo, nto leyo ukungahoywa kweendawo zokuhlala lonke, eli nqaku liza kukuxelela.

indawo Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod ibhiyozele 795 afa. Uye lonke ixesha sisekho yayo bekusoloko kujoliswe kwezopolitiko kunye norhwebo, kunjalo namhlanje. Njengoko iziko yolawulo kummandla iVolga, esi sixeko malunga 5000 izixeko, iidolophu kunye nezo lali zazikumhlaba kummandla Nizhny Novgorod.

Abantu ukusuka kudaladala ukhethe iindawo zasekuhlaleni ezintle, imilambo edumileyo intlanzi, amahlathi ezipheleleyo inyamakazi, nokuba cropland. Ukuqalisa ukususela kwinkulungwane IX i nokuxubana baqalisa ukuhlala apha, ukwakha kwiilali ezincinane zokuhlala. Kususela kwimini eyasekwayo ngo-1221 Nizhny Novgorod waba ligwiba nokukhusela amazwe Slavic ukusuka iyangena zezizwe abangenabubele angabamelwane Ugric, kwaye ngo 1341 yaba elizimeleyo Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal ukubusa.

Namhlanje, kwiphondo zokuhlala ngaphezulu kwama-400 ezinkulu kunye needolophana 3000. Ngelishwa, ixesha na ukuma ngxi yaye akukho namnye yasindiswa, njengoko kuboniswa kwilali lama kummandla Nizhny Novgorod (photo ngezantsi ibonisa engomnye kwabo).

Ukuze siqonde isizathu sokuba le ntsingiselo ibonakala, kufuneka baqonde ubume lali kunye nemisebenzi yayo njengoko iyunithi yolawulo mmandla.

isimo emzaneni

Kuye kudala zibizwa ngokuba kokuhlaliswa abalimi. Oku kubangelwa ongazanga yokuba ngaloo mihla endlini bona abenziwe ngomthi, kunye nento yokuba elalini ekuthiwa umhlaba olimekayo kunye kwindawo. Ukongeza kwiidolophana wokufama, kwakukho iindawo abazingeli zorhwebo kunye nabalobi, kwaye isibaluli ukuba isimo sale hlobo zokuhlala inani lamakhaya kungekudala. Njengomgaqo, baba kancinci - 10 ukuya kwi-50 izindlu zabucala kunye izakhiwo ezingaphandle kunye imiyezo, enabizwa iinkundla.

Ubume lali ngelo xesha wayebalasele bubukho amaziko ezibalulekileyo ezifana icawa kunye nebhunga lengingqi, isikolo kukuliphi kunye nomncedisi item zonyango. Nokufika amandla Soviet kwakukho umkhwa ukuzimanyanisa kwiilali eziliqela ifama, ngokwenjenjalo zokwandisa uqoqosho kunye nenani labasebenzi kulo.

Namhlanje, naziphi na ezinye engqongqo lwezakhono "elalini" kunye "ilali" ayisekho, ekubeni uninzi lwabo izikolo, abancinane eziguqulweyo kunye neecawa. status elalini anikwa endaweni kakhulu kwinani labantu abahlala kuzo.

Ngophuhliso izixeko ashiywe iilali kummandla efanayo Nizhny Novgorod waba emehlweni eziqhelekileyo, kodwa namhlanje le meko kuba banzi kakhulu kunokuba kwakunjalo kwiminyaka 100-200 eyadlulayo.

Kungani imizana engenanto

Kwathi nje ukuba impumelelo uluntu naliphi na inqanaba wophuhliso okanye, icala, ukungabikho kwalo kukhokelela utshintsho kwinkqubo yezentlalo kunye ukuvela zokuhlala ezintsha okanye ukutshatyalaliswa impucuko yonke.

kwilali lama kummandla Nizhny Novgorod - umzekelo isiphumo kukungabikho lophuhliso lonke zokuhlala kuqoqosho. Kodwa umthetho, izizathu ngenxa yolwazi senkangala kude ngakumbi:

• Ngokunxulumene nophuhliso nkqubo mveliso kunye nemizi kwilali Russian baqalisa ezingcakacileyo imephu lizwe kwiminyaka 200 eyadlulayo. Kamsinya nje kwapheliswa serfdom, abalimi abaninzi impahla zabo yaye baya esixekweni ukufuna ubutyebi bakhe njengabasebenzi-mveliso manufactories. Namhlanje, into efanayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba abafundi beza-ukuyilwa kwiifama ezidityanelweyo okanye ukubola.
• Okwangoku, kukho bashiya kwilali kummandla Nizhny Novgorod, idilesi leyo abasafakwe kuluhlu kwi lobhaliso kunye nesithuba kwimaphu, kodwa eneneni abanalo amashumi akukho mntu uhlala. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba nencindi kubantu abatsha abasuka ezilalini ogudileyo uze kade, kodwa inqubo ehamba. nguyena live abadala emakhayeni abo okanye ukuhambisa kuwo umzi, beze abantwana esigcina kunciphisa labemi de ilali yonke ayinanto.

• Kudla kwiidolophu ezincinane lilo isixeko okanye engento kuba isondele. Umzekelo, kukho zayekwa iilali kwisithili Chkalovsky of kummandla Nizhny Novgorod ngokunxulumene inguqu kamasipala.
• Esinye isizathu sokuba yokuduka kwiilali - novala izityalo okanye emigodini, kufutshane ezo zazakhiwe. Ezi ziquka kwilali lama kummandla Nizhny Novgorod, isixeko Volodarsk, umzekelo, kwilali elizayo. Yena elalifudula eyayihlala abasebenzi umgquba lweshishini, kodwa kwiminyaka yoo-80 yaphela ngenxa yokuba waye wamiswa okwethutyana gesi nja-. Ngoku apha esilawulwa ngokwemvelo, ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha oko abantu bake niyandiqhatha yena. Zonke igcwala ingca kunye namatyholo, kwaye nezindlu zingabi alapho.
• Umntu ukuze wamisela ukuba ngawo onke amaxesha ukuze ndifumane intuthuzelo kunye nozinzo, ngoko ke indlu elalini phantse lonke ulahlekelwa indawo isixeko zonke iinkonzo. Ngoko ke waqalisa emzaneni ishiywe kwisithili Spassky of kummandla Nizhny Novgorod Vysokovo, Dyuzhakovka, Red Mary Skuchiha, Syromyatnikova kunye Jablonka, ogama abahlali basaba kwiindawo apho kukho imfuno yabasebenzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, unobangela zokuhlala senkangala ziintlekele zendalo, ezifana landslides okanye womisa amachibi kunye nemilambo. Kwingingqi Nizhny Novgorod iingxaki ezinzulu wayengekho, kwaye sizathu siphambili ekuchithweni zokuhlala - kukunqongophala kwemisebenzi, iindlela, izikolo kunye nezimo ubomi obutofotofo.

yesithili Spassky

Le yinxalenye yommandla Nizhny Novgorod nezinze emzantsi-mpuma inxalenye yawo kwaye namhlanje simelwe ngamabhunga ilali elinanye, eziquka iindawo 44. Xa kwakukho iziko orhwebo Nizhny Novgorod, owayebonakele ngenxa yonyaka enengxolo, izityebi ehlotyeni nasekwindla ubambisene.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndawo ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga 10,000, uninzi lwabo bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yezolimo.

Ngokunxulumene ukuguqulwa ezithile zokuhlala kwandiswa kwaye ezidityanisiweyo namabhunga kamasipala. Nasemizaneni zikude yaye gqa ke ngaphandle abemi abasuka zibe zokuhlala ezinkulu.

yesithili Chkalovsky

Kwanangaphambi ekwakhiweni Nizhny Novgorod embindini kwinkulungwane XII phezu kodonga lasekunene iVolga wabonakala yokuhlala, nto leyo wanikwa igama imbeko Milanova, unyana Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Le ndawo yokuhlala ezikhuselweyo njengenqaba Gorodets elunxwemeni icala lomlambo, indlela yorhwebo amanzi. Sloboda ngempumelelo "wasinda" unanamhla, ukufumana ngenkulungwane XX, igama elitsha kunikwa imbeko azalelwa kulo Valery Chkalov.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndawo likhaya kubantu nje kwama-20 000, apho 53% - kweli ziko lommandla. Njengenxalenye kwisithili yoomasipala entlanganisweni kunye omnye 9 zelokishi. kwilali ushiywe kummandla Nizhny Novgorod uye phantse zonke iinxalenye zayo abazange kudlula kule ngxaki, kunye nesithili Chkalovsky. Oku kungenxa yokuba abahlali kwiilali ezincinane bakhetha ukuya kwiidolophu ezinkulu xa kukho umsebenzi kubo. Ukuba uyakholwa kokubalwa, kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo uluntu Sehle kwindawo ngabantu phantse 5000, kwilizwe liphela kancinane, kodwa indawo encinci - nelahleko ebonakalayo lwezibonelelo zokusebenza.

yesithili Ardatov

Kwi 160 km ukusuka Nizhny Novgorod ise kwisithili Ardatov, edume ilizwe layo olimekayo, apho 90 iifama ezidityanelweyo kwahlelwa ngemihla collectivization kwandile.

Namhlanje, kukho imeko efanayo: kwilali lama kummandla Nizhny Novgorod kwisithili Ardatov - kusisiphumo kunikwe kwakho ex-amafama kweli ziko kwisithili, apho ekhaya ukuya phantse 57% sabemi bephondo.

Inani labantu bahambe kule ndawo okulungileyo, ngabantu 200 ukuya-500 ngonyaka ngamnye, kwaye kuqala ubunzima, njengoko umthetho, ilali.

Ezishiywe izinto ummandla Nizhny Novgorod

Yemihla ngemihla ehlabathini xa iilali ingabi nanto kunye iidolophu ezincinane kwezoqoqosho kwaye oxhomekeke kuwe ngemali inkampani okanye iziko, zivalwe ixesha nangasiphi na isizathu.

izibonelelo ezifana kwilizwe kakhulu, yaye ukuba ubale zonke iilali lama kummandla Nizhny Novgorod, uluhlu luya kuba iyamangalisa. Oku kuquka iidolophu ezifana Mavrica, nto leyo engenanto ngenxa yokungabikho ingeniso kunye ekuweni kwifama ezihlangeneyo 80s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Le lali yayinemihadi ezingenanto emva kwayo kwi-imi- 60 lwekhulu XX, isikolo yavalwa.

Imizekelo enjalo baninzi, yaye notyekelo inkangeleko kwiilali ghost waba zokulima engalunganga phantsi iifama ezihlangeneyo leSoviet.

Inzala kule lali ishiywe

ummandla Novgorod has zonke izibonelelo zendalo zitsala abantu apha abafuna ukuba umhlaba ukusebenza kuyo. Yonke into khona umlambo kunye iindawo zokuloba ezibalaseleyo, kunye namahlathi ezipheleleyo kwezilwanyane zasendle, namaqunube neenkowane, namasimi otyebileyo ukuba bebelinde izandla nzima ukusebenza.

Namhlanje, uya kuqaphela kakhulu nomdla abahlala kuzo iidolophana bamshiya. Baya kudla kuza iintsapho, ikoloni lonke ihlobo ezindlwini ezingenabantu, abantu abadala baphathwa kunye iigadi zemifuno, hamba kuloba, kwaye abantwana bachitha ixesha kule midlalo phandle. Harvest, abemi bokwexeshana ubuyele esixekweni.

Enye umdla kule lali ishiywe kwi nale ubuncwane kunye zakudala. Ekubeni uninzi zokuhlala Kwasekwa kwi kungqameko ukusuka XIV kwinkulungwane XVIII, phantsi izakhiwo leSoviet ukuze kulunge nezinto umdla, ngezihombo kunye nempahla kumaxesha amandulo.

Ukuvuselelwa lali Russian

Ukuba uyakholwa ukuba izazinzulu abathi imbali uyaziphinda, ngoko mhlawumbi ngenye wadinwa ezidolophini, abantu bafuna uxolo kunye nomoya ococekileyo, yaye oko kuya kuba ukuvuseleleka iilali kummandla Nizhny Novgorod.