Kutheni ukwaluphala yaye abantu abafayo

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa ngenkulungwane XVIII, ukuphila avareji ndandineminyaka engama-24 kuphela ubudala. Emva kweminyaka eli-100, eli nani liye landa ngesiqingatha - ukuya kwiminyaka 48. Ngoku usana niphile kwiminyaka 76 umlinganiselo ubudala. Ndikunye ezisanda eziphilayo, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba eli nani liya kuba ixesha rhoqo elide.

isingeniso

Namhlanje, ukufuna "apples ekuvuseleleni" kunye impendulo yombuzo abantu kutheni ukuguga, buzinze isifundo ngesakhiwo yemfuza iiseli, lo gama ngaphantsi ingqalelo ihlawulwe indima yoxinezeleko kunye yokudla ubomi babantu. Ngubani ukufumana ukungafi ithuba kwiikliniki anti-ukwaluphala, ukuhlawula kunyaka ngamnye ku-20 000 zeerandi unyango ihomoni, uhlalutyo DNA, kunye notyando cosmic. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela zovavanyo musa akuqinisekisi ukungafi - iingcali nje sithembisa ixesha elide.

Sisonke, usazise xa kutheni abantu besaluphala, ziziphi iimpawu noonobangela ngokwaluphala nendlela isantya inkqubo ukwaluphala.

Le mbono "ukuguga"

Igama elithi "kukwaluphala" manje ne zokuthambisa anti-abakhulileyo kunye notyando. Oku kungenxa yokuba inzululwazi mihla ligxile kakhulu kwi nasekufundweni emajukujukwini kwaye kwasungulwa ubugcisa obutsha. Malunga ukungafi lulibele.

Kodwa doktor Dzhon Langmore, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yase Michigan, kunye neqela lakhe "wayekhangele" kungena iiseli, ngoyena ndoqo ubomi babantu. Ngokukodwa, uye wafunda waza wafumanisa kwemolekyuli DNA emiphethweni yayo nomxokelelwane ukuphindaphinda izibini enzayim zaye zalunga ngokuthi "telomere". Basebenza njenge "iminqwazi" zokhuselo kwi ekupheleni zofuzo ezithintela iimolekyuli ekuhambeni kwexesha, kungenzeka ukwahlula phakathi, nto leyo ekhokelela ukwaluphala yaye ofayo.

Yintoni i "telomere"

Izazinzulu qaphela ukuba xa umntu esoloko ekhula, ubude telomere kunciphisa imixokelelwane. Ekugqibeleni asisifutshane kangangokuba ukukotshwa yeseli kubangela mposiso eziyingozi okanye iziqwenga ezingekhoyo kulandelelwano DNA, ukuvimbela iiseli ukukwazi endaweni ngokwabo. Oku amagunya ngongoma xa iseli uphelelwe DNA ikhowudi ubomi kwaye ayikwazi lokuyivelisa ngokwayo, ngokuba kumda Hayflick. It is a umlinganiselo mangaphi amaxesha iseli esinokuzisebenzisa ekunabiseleni ngokwayo, ngaphambi kokuba afe.

Ezinye iiseli zomzimba wakhe wawunomda eliphezulu kakhulu Hayflick. Ngokomzekelo, iiseli ukuba ngaphakathi emlonyeni wethu nakumathumbu isuswa ngokusisigxina kwaye endaweni. Enyanisweni, kuyabonakala ukuba bakwazi ukukhula telomere, nditsho nasebudaleni. Emva koko ke izazinzulu abanomdla kutheni ezinye iiseli zinqanda ukukhula telomere kunye ubudala, yaye abanye hayi.

"Acwangcisiweyo" iiseli

UGqr Langmore usebenzisa ubuchule emzimbeni, hormone genetic ukufunda isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi telomere, liphuhlise inkqubo iseli-free ukuze afumane imodeli ezisebenzayo telomere usebenzisa DNA zokwenziwa. Yaye kukwasibonise indlela apho i telomere ukuba "yazinza", kunye neemeko ezikhokelela kozinzo zabo.

izinto protein "ityala" kuba nokuzinziswa eziphelweni chromosome zaye eyenziwe yaye efunda. Electron microscopy wenza kube lula ukuba nombono ngqo ulwakhiwo model telomere. Olu luphononongo umdla kwakhokelela ezifunyaniswe abaninzi ithemba.

Oososayensi bafumene enzayimi ebalulekileyo nga "cima" i telomere ukuya DNA na anengqondo neefolokhwe. Ibizwa ngokuba telomerase. Kodwa xa bekhula, isixa telomerase eziseleni kunciphisa. Nantsi ke impendulo umbuzo kutheni amaphakade umzimba womntu.

imibono ezinkulu Five

Ngoko ke, izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba ukufa kwenzeka ngokunxulumene nokulahlekelwa inani elikhulu leseli. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezichaza indlela umda Hayflick wavakalisa iiseli zomzimba. Cinga ngokweenkcukacha:

1. Imposiso hypothesis. Le mbono ichaza iimpazamo ezinokuvela ekudibaneni kwemichiza ekuvelisweni kweti i-DNA kunye RNA, njengoko indlela pathways olungachanekanga 100%. Cell ukufa sisiphumo ezi iimpazamo unqandayo.

2. Theory of radicals simahla. Iphendula umbuzo abantu kutheni ukuguga, ngendlela yabo. Ongalawulekiyo radicals free kunokonakalisa inwebu angqonge iiseli kwaye zeselula DNA kunye RNA iimolekyuli. Ekugqibeleni le umonakalo ekhokelela Iseli ukufa.

Okwangoku, le ngcamango ngokuzingisileyo efunda. Ukuhlolwa iimpuku lubonise ukuba ukuhla kwe-40% zokungenisa caloric kukhokelela ukuphinda-kweminyaka yokuphila nokunciphisa inani radicals simahla. Ngaphezu koko, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba iivithamini E no C ukuba kakuhle ukufunxa kubo.

3. theory crosslinking ithi ekugugeni eziphilayo ngenxa ukuyilwa random ophilileyo (ngokuthi crosslinking) "kwo" phakathi molekyuli protein, ezinokukwazi ukuphazamisa inkqubo zemveliso ye-RNA ne-DNA. Le crosslinking ezinokubangelwa iikhemikhali ezininzi, ngokuqhelekileyo evela iiseli ngenxa ukutya, kwakunye ezingcolisa (umz, ndimalathise, icuba).

4. Brain hypothesis ephendula umbuzo kutheni abantu besaluphala ngokukhawuleza, ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i "ukungaphumeleli" kwi homeostasis kwemisebenzi zomzimba, ingakumbi eziphantsi kolawulo le ngxenye kwi ingqondo yebhinqa, nto leyo ebangela kuphazamiseke kolawulo kwamadlala yonyango.

5. theory komzimba. It yaphakanyiswa nguGqirha Roy Walford e Los Angeles, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iindidi ezimbini kwiiseli nezo amajoni omzimba (B kunye T) aphulukane amandla ngenxa "yokuhlaselwa" kwamagciwane, iintsholongwane kunye neeseli umhlaza. Kwaye xa B- ne T-iiseli ukuba nesiphene, ukuba osulele iiseli esempilweni.

Kutheni ukuguga abantu: izizathu iimpawu

Ngaxa lithile ebomini babo, badla kufutshane engama-30, ebonisa iimpawu ngokwaluphala baqalisa asenokungacaci. Ingabonwa yonke; kwi eluswini Undintshwenyisile, kunciphise amandla kunye lula amathambo namalunga, lo sentliziyo, yokucola ukutya nokulwa luvo yaye zisenokutshintshwa.

Nangona kungekho mntu uthi kakuhle kutheni abalupheleyo abantu. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ke bafumanise ukuba yemfuza, kukutya, ukuzilolonga, izifo, nezinye izinto eziphembelela le nkqubo.

Ngocoselelo ukujonga iimpawu kunye noonobangela ngokwaluphala iinkqubo ezinkulu umzimba:

1. iiseli, ancedisana amalungu:

- telomere, ezo ingabekwa iziphelo zofuzo ngaphakathi kwiseli nganye, ekugqibeleni kuthintela ukuqhekeka molecule ye DNA;

- inkunkuma yande kwizisele;

- kwizicwili iyaqina;

- ubuninzi umthamo esebenzayo amalungu amaninzi lifinyele.

2. imithambo Heart negazi:

- wall intliziyo iba mkhulu;

- intliziyo izihlunu ziqala ukusebenza ngaphantsi eyiyo nokugalela umlinganiselo omnye wegazi;

- le aorta iba ziyatyeba, esinzima kwaye ngaphantsi iinguqu;

- Umthambo ecothayo ukunika igazi intliziyo nengqondo, nto leyo ke isizathu sokuba abantu abalupheleyo, imiqondiso zisekuhleni kanye.

3. features Essential:

- umzimba kuba nzima ngakumbi ukulawula ubushushu;

- izinga intliziyo Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba ukubuyela yesiqhelo emva umthambo.

4. Amathambo, izihlunu, amalungu:

- amathambo aselula kwaye ngaphantsi womelele;

- amalunga - esinzima kwaye ngaphantsi iinguqu;

- intlala emathanjeni kunye namalungu aqale buthathaka;

- inwebu yesihlunu kwakhona uphelelwa ngamandla, nto leyo echaza isizathu sokuba ukuguga abantu, oonobangela kwale nkqubo.

5. Indlela yokwetyisa:

- isisu, isibindi, injeke kunye emathunjini amancinci ukuvelisa incindi kakhulu yokusila kangako;

- azikhuli phantsi intshukumo ukutya ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokwetyisa.

6. Brain kunye nenkqubo luvo:

- inani leseli-luvo esengqondweni spinal intambo uhle;

- ebuchotsheni ukuze abunjwe izakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana "umonakalo" kunye "tangles", nto leyo enokukhokelela ukonakala yokusebenza yayo;

- inani unxibelelwano phakathi iiseli zemithambo-luvo kunciphisa.

7. Amehlo neendlebe:

- retina kuba nje ukubhitya, kwaye abafundi - ilukhuni;

- lens kahle;

- iindonga indlebe emisele aselula kwaye eardrums - ziyatyeba.

8. Le eluswini, iinzipho neenwele:

- Isikhumba ne yobudala lube nje ukubhitya kwaye ngaphantsi ilastiki, nto leyo ke isizathu sokuba abantu besaluphala imbonakalo;

- kwamadlala umbilo ukuvelisa ukubila ngaphantsi;

- izikhonkwane ekhula kancinci;

- iinwele ufumana umbala zingwevu, kwaye abanye ukwanda.

zimpawu ukuguga

Kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngokwaluphala, eziquka ezi:

- anda susceptibility kusulelo;

- ukuhla okuncinane ekukhuleni;

- kwandisa amathuba okuba nestroke ubushushu okanye emzimbeni;

- amathambo lula ukwaphula;

- igobe;

- motion kade;

- ukuncitshiswa amandla lilonke;

- ukuqhina kunye ngumchamo womchamo;

- a linyuke kancinane beenkqubo zeengcinga kunye nememori lomonakalo;

- yehle emizimba;

- ukonakala acuity ezibonwayo kunye nokuncipha embonweni peripheral;

- ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa;

- unokukhawuleza kunye nemibimbi kwesikhumba;

- iinwele Ukungaboni;

- umzimba.

Okulandelayo, cinga yintoni isizathu sokuba umntu ukwaluphala, yaye yintoni uhlobo lwezinto ezisenza sibe abadala.

impembelelo zeswekile

Abantu abathanda dessert, kuya kuba mnandi ukwazi ukuba iswekile "Ukukhawulezisa" iminyaka yethu endala. Ukuba siyigqibe kukuninzi, kungekudala uza kufumana ubunzima ngokukhawuleza, njengokuba umzimba wakho uba ezithandwa kakhulu izifo ezondeleyo. Bona, Kakade ke, uya slow "bendelisele iingcambu" ebomini bomntu ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, zonke izifo ezingapheliyo ichaphazela zonke iiseli zomzimba. Kwaye isizathu sokuba umntu ukuguga kancinci.

ukutshaya

Nenkwenkwe uyazi ukuba ukutshaya kuyingozi kwimpilo. E-New Zealand, umzekelo, nyaka ngamnye abantu 5000 ngenxa yeziphumo ezibi zokutshaya (kuquka passive). Oku abantu-13 ngosuku!

Wonke icuba utshaya uya kongeza imibimbi ebusweni bakho. Kwaye xa zidityaniswe kunye nenqwaba ilanga kwaye igalelo yimbonakalo iiseli kwabafileyo apha esikhumbeni.

uqhawulo-mtshato

Ewe, wena ufunda elo lungelo! Umsantsa nalowo uyathandwa kakhulu, kakade, iba nefuthe elibi kungekuphela nje imeko yakho ngokwasengqondweni, kodwa kwinkangeleko kunye nempilo.

Ngo-2009, abaphandi wayeqhuba isifundo kwamawele ezifanayo, ngenxa apho kwacaca ukuba ezahlulwe sisithuba ezitshatileyo khangela emdala kakhulu ngaphezu kwabo babesoloko kunye.

Ukwazi ilanga

imitha yelanga kuba nempembelelo entle emzimbeni womntu, kodwa kumlinganiselo othile. Baya kunokubangela imbonakalo imibimbi kakhulu eluswini, ngoko kucacile ukuba kutheni abanye abantu ziguge ngokukhawuleza kunezinye.

ilanga ngokugqithiseleyo kunokukhokelela elastosis (ukuncitshiswa yesikhumba luthambe) kunye nenkangeleko amabala ezininzi ulwehlo ebusweni.

Ukucalulwa stress

Uphando lwakutshanje baye bafumanisa ukuba ukucalulwa kunye neemvakalelo nokukhawulezisa ukwaluphala kwaye udibanise iminyaka ukuba imbonakalo yakho. uxinzelelo Chronic kukhokelela ukukhululwa rhoqo hormone yokoyika, nto leyo ibe nefuthe elibi enyama yangaphakathi kunye namalaphu. Kananjalo negalelo ukuyilwa radicals ezamahala, ezo isizathu sokuba abantu abalupheleyo ngokukhawuleza.

Indlela ukubambezela i iwashi lomzimba

Kukho ezinye izikhokelo eziya kunceda ngokwabo ngaphandle utyalo babekhupha iinkuntyula isantya inkqubo ukuguga emzimbeni kwenu;

1. Funda ukulawula indlela uloyiko lwakho ukumelana neemvakalelo.

2. ukuphelisa osidingayo otyiwa ehla bekhula. Iziphumo lokuqala uphononngo nkawu lubonise ukuba ukutya okucwangciseke 'isantya "utshintsho komzimba ezinxulumene-ubudala.

3. Sebenzisa rhoqo. Ngapha koko, ukuba negalelo ukukhululwa hormone sokukhula.

4. Zama ukuba ulala ngokwaneleyo yonke imihla. Kuphela ngexesha silele njani ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo sonke amandla abo.

5. Relax. Khetha indlela efanelekileyo ukuba ukhululeke. Mhlawumbi oku kuya kuba dancing, iincwadi zokufunda, ndiphulaphule umculo okanye iindlela izitya nje shushu.

Xa ndiqukumbela, singatsho ukuba onke aya kuba madala, nokuba siyathanda okanye hayi. Kodwa ngoku ndiyazi ukuba isantya njani phantsi inkqubo, nokuba kwinqanaba zeselula. Kufuneka kuphela ukuba baphile ubomi obusempilweni, kodwa ukunciphisa zonke izinto zibe nefuthe elibi emzimbeni wethu.