KAZ-4540: iimpawu zobugcisa, iifoto. Izigadla Kutaisi Automotive Plant

Uphuhliso ngezobunjineli eSoviet Union wanikwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. kwisityalo ngasinye izama ukudala imoto tech, eya kuthabatha indawo yayo chain yelizwe yeziseko. Tyala kwisixeko Kutaisi, Akazange ashenxe lweentsingiselo jikelele kwaye sifeze iimfuno kunye neenjongo. Abayili odale ilori, eyaba edume - KAZ-4540.

History of indalo

Ngowe-1975, xa ngesicelo USSR Gosselhoztehniki us kunye GKB isixeko Balashov, ngubani ezikhethekileyo ekudaleni trailer iimoto neetrektara, kwakunye mveliso Yaroslavl waqalisa uphuhliso ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Lo msebenzi ukwenza imodeli oololiwe amatsha ezolimo. Le lori wayefanele ukuba ibe uhlobo ikhonkco engekhoyo, kuquka ukuqokelelwa kwezityalo entsimini, kulayishwa ngakumbi kwaye zokuhamba fast and ukothula.

Kule 80 yokuqala ngokususela zesityalo Kutaisi yasungulwa imveliso ye izigadla ezintsha drive-wheel ezine. Isiseko imodeli entsha yaba kwase ka 0215 US-wadala ukusuka abaqhelekileyo KAZ-608B, kunye nezixhobo zaphuculwa kwaye isebenza drive kwi asi ezimbini.

Phambi kokuba uqale imveliso series kusungula ilori entsha babeziindleko ye-USSR, ngokupheleleyo uvavanyo leesampulu bathwalwa phandle. Ukulungiselela le njongo soqobo zadalwa iimoto-20, nto leyo lwenziwa kwaye lonke uvavanyo kwendlela kwibhentshi. Ngowe-1981, kwisiza Siye abagqibe ngempumelelo uvavanyo koololiwe abatsha. Le abayili zange ayeke apho wenza eziliqela nezilungiso kunye neenguqu amabandla ngamnye iindawo ngesakhiwo. Oku kwalandelwa amava amatsha kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo. New KAZ-4540 waba nto okudibeneyo imifuziselo zangaphambili brand "Colchis".

Sele ku January, 84, xa zigqityiwe iimvavanyo kwamasebe, weloli ekucetyiswa ukuba baqalise imveliso. Emva kwenyanga wadala nebhetshi yokuqala koomatshini 500.

Ngokusekelwe kule lori esele ilungisiwe itrekta. Got a lokumakishela elitsha - KAZ-4440.

"Colchis"

Eli gama banikwa uhlelo zezityalo kwimveliso iitrektara e Kutaisi. Le lori andishiye sele Agasti 1951. Uninzi macandelo ziziswa ukusuka kwisityalo ogama emva Stalin. Ngenxa bemikhosi amashishini eMoscow kunye nezigadla yokulahla eziqokelelweyo, iitrektara ezincinane, kwakunye izithuthi ezithutha phantsi igama lebrendi "Colchis". kumzekelo omtsha we ifoto khange ifana nayiphi na ekhoyo ngelo xesha.

"4540" - imodeli eyenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno kwezolimo. Production waqhubeka ukusuka 1985 kwaye ku-1998. Ngeli xesha, siye wadala iinguqulelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo evenini "Colchis". A isici esasenza KAZ-4540 sele orange kwigunjana eqaqambileyo kunye ifestile elikhulu kunene.

ukuqashwa

Freight KAZ-4540, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kwezinye zonke iimodeli iiasi ezimbini uqhuba, ngokufuthi ukusetyenziswa kudibaniso nge erhuqwayo brand GKB-8535. Le inyanda amelwe erhuqwayo ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha imveliso yezolimo.

Tipper KAZ-4540 - umatshini oluphangaleleyo kunye nesakhono ubuya kuyithula apho macala omathathu. Kuxhomekeka izinto ezithile ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye indawo yenye indlela ethile. Le lori yafakwa kunye drive lonke-wheel ne ozikhethelayo yokutshixa asi diff.

uyilo ukusika-edge ivumela ukusebenzisa umatshini ngokubambisana kunye kwabavuni kunye nezityalo cotton. "Kolkhida" - imoto ukuba permeability ezaneleyo ezifunekayo izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, yaye ubuchule iitoni ezingama-11.

Ngowe-1990, abayili kwafuneka amaxwebhu uzilungiselele esizokwenza ukuxhobisa iifriji imoto, ukusetyenziswa kudibaniso nge iqonga imithwalo, kwakunye ukudala isithuthi komlilo. Ngelishwa, uphuhliso akazange afumane kuphuhliso olungaphezulu wahlala kuphela ephepheni. "Colchis", ifoto leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi - kufunwa kakhulu ikopi ngexesha lo matshini.

igumbi lokulala enqanaweni

Cab - cabover, ofumaneka ngaphezu kwe-injini. Le Ubeko kuye kwaphucula né, wandise ukusetyenziswa yonke eqongeni. "Colchis" - imoto kunye wamavili elifutshane nokubonakala ezisemagqabini umqhubi. Large-endlwaneni na indawo yokuhlala eyahlukileyo, ifeni kunye nesitovu-heater. Konke oku kule mali enikiweyo ixabiso eyaneleyo ophezulu intuthuzelo moya zexesha elide kunye ezihamba imigama. Ngowe-1985, yaba inkomba kakhulu.

Ngo-1990 waqalisa ukuveliswa kuguqulelo zaphuculwa. Lixhotyiswe inkqubo ngamanzi ukulawula ukuvulwa iiplanga. Xa ukothula nayiphi na ibhodi ukusebenza iqela uvala ngokuzenzekelayo.

ingxenye amandla

Lo matshini ukhwele injini diesel uhlobo YaMZ-KAZ-642. Injini KAZ-4540 obemiswe ukuba wamavili kwaye uhamba isixhobo ezisibhozo-ukuswitsha amagiya (4 transmission ekhoyo kunye nomabi ozikhethelayo).

Isityalo amandla ibekwe ngqo ngaphezulu asi engaphambili, nabo bonke imizimba ezibonelela ulawulo, zaye behambe phambili kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Okutshiwo uqhuba ingaphezu enjinini. Isigqibo ukwenza amalungiselelo enjalo ngenxa imfuneko yokwandisa ummandla zisebenziseke apho zikhoyo izinto zithutha. Ngokwandisa engile exit landa permeability. Esi sikimu saqinisekisa distribution umthwalo uniform kuzo zombini nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi. Ngaphambili iingxelo iitoni 6.12 ubunzima, nangasemva - 6,14 m.

ukulayisha Uniform wavumela ukusetyenziswa yamavili enye amavili ngokubanzi, kwakunye ucazulule njengokuba kakhulu kwinkqubo yolawulo uxinzelelo kwi emagumbini emoyeni.

amatsha amaninzi ziye zaziswa xa kudalwa KAZ-4540. Omnye disc waba CV joint, ebonakala kakhulu ngokuthembekileyo ngaphezu elingana ukulenza. santya siphezulu wayeneminyaka engama-80 km / h, kodwa ke umthamo umthwalo silingana abangama-6 m.

chassis

Running izixhobo ivumela kamatshini ukuhambisa iindlela zegrabile enzima emasimini emva kokulima. E KAZ-4540 transmission ngelori belucwangcisiwe ku kwizikhundla 8, intshukumo phambili ezimbini - eyadlulayo. Yaba isakhiwo entsonkothileyo eziquka gearbox isantya-4 kunye yokuchaka 2 iindlela.

clutch Dry efakwe kunye disks zochuku kunye Ukusebenzisa umoya. Njengokujikeleza motor busetyenzisiwe kokubini iibhulorho. Ibhokisi transfer esifakelwa interaxle umehluko lwekeyboard. Ezilawulwayo usebenzisa iqhosha eyahlukileyo kwidashboard.

Front asi ukumiswa ndawonye kwimithombo longitudinal kunye owawusisibonakude umatshini. Yangasemva enyusiweyo imithombo amagqabi semi-okweqanda kabini.

isithunzi

Abaqhubi ababesebenza ubuchule brand "Colchis", waphawula ukuba umfuziselo kakhulu nempumelelo yaba KAZ-4540. Ukuphonononga hayi kakhulu ayintsonkothanga, kodwa idibane iinkalo ezininzi. The main eziluncedo ukuba sele kuthethiwe:

- "4540" - okokuqala kwi-USSR yokulahla, wadala kuphela iimfuno zezolimo.

- nokugcinwa Easy nokulungiswa ngoncedo ukufikelela lula phantse kuzo zonke iisayithi kunye neendlela.

- Akhona eXcellent cross-oololiwe kunye bomthwalo.

- ukulayisha platform kunye iindlela ezintathu ukothula.

- endlwaneni cabover Full-ertyisi, leyo nezixhotyiswe ngeteknoloji entsha.

ukushiyeka

emfundo asezantsi abasebenzi zesityalo azivumelekanga ukuba ukudala imveliso nezithuthi ezisemgangathweni. E KAZ-4540 yaba kakhulu inani elikhulu ethile:

- Ngokufuthi ukungaphumeleli indlela onoxanduva nokuvela elorini.

- kuvuza rhoqo hydraulic ulwelo neeoli kwisiphambuka ukudluliselwa kunye namalungiselelo motor.

- impompo uxinzelelo oluphezulu ayaba nako ukubahlangula imiqathango efunekayo.

- Ingongoma ababuthakathaka ezo rivet zingonobangela ukulungisa imithombo kudweliso kwisakhelo.

Ezinye iingenelo kakubi kunye yokuqhuba ngokungafanelekanga lwaba neengxaki. Umthwalo enye kuzo zombini iiasi ivumela ukwandisa igalelo elenziwayo, kodwa uqhuba silwe uba okuba eziphezulu uwisa matshini. KAZ-4540, ezi mpawu ezo thaca kweli nqaku, isasetyenziswa nangoku kwezinye kwimimandla zombini Russia kunye Ukraine kunye namanye amazwe USSR.