Ixesha Yehlabathi Enxulunyanisiweyo: kutheni nendlela yaqaliswa?

ixesha olufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ehlabathini namhlanje, xa isingqi ubomi liye landa kakhulu. Kodwa ke kunzima kuba phambi imimandla ixesha ezahlukeneyo - enyanisweni xa usebenza nabantu abavela kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi kubalulekile ukuba uhlobo oluthile benchmark eqhelekileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, kwaye kufuneka ixesha lehlabathi. Kodwa abantu kwenzeka njani ukuba nkqubo?

Yintoni na ixesha lehlabathi elilawulwayo (i-UTC)?

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje le nsimbi liphezulu zixabisa - lwemali olulodwa, ulwimi, njl Kodwa kwizowuni yexesha enye, ngenisa nje akunakwenzeka, kuba xa omnye ikhweyitha yosuku, kwezinye - .. Night. Ukongeza, kukho ekuthiwa ixesha solar zasekuhlaleni, esiza ngokuhambelana nendlela izibane ukunqumla isibhakabhaka ukusuka empuma kuye entshona. Kodwa imimandla ixesha kufuneka ngandlel 'ithile ezinxulumene omnye komnye, baba kwindawo ethile reference. Ukuze wenze oku, kwaye kukho UTC - ixesha lehlabathi. Kwaba kuye dudula kurhulumente, ehleli phezulu iwotshi yayo kwintsimi. Kodwa njani le nkqubo?

Imbali ukusungulwa standard eyodwa

Ekuqaleni abantu limisela ixesha kwelanga. Lo mzuzu yapasisa indawo yayo ephezulu, yamkelwa emva kwemini. Kungenxa kule sika mgaqo kunye nokusebenza. Kodwa le ndlela olungachanekanga kakhulu, ukongeza, ekuphuhliseni uluntu zifuna ukusebenza. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoko umhlaba omtsha, yaye abantu baqonde ukuba kufuneka ufake imimandla ixesha nilubophe ndawonye kwindawo yokuqala ngenjongo yokukhangela inkqubo GSM, kokusungulwa (Greenwich Mean Time), ngoko igama ngenxa yokuba ithe cwaka avuleka, ngawo ibala xesha wacanda Observatory e Greenwich.

Hi ndlela leyi, phambi kokusetyenziswa kwalo mgangatho kumazwe ahlukeneyo esebenzisa amanqaku zabo zero. Njengoko umthetho, i esiqu avareji kulo mzekelo wacanda Observatory yendawo eFransi - Paris, Russia - .. I Pulkovo, njll Kodwa ke ukungabikho mgangatho owodwa kwandim. Kwaye ngo-1884 ukwenzela i-Greenwich Meridian Zero yasetyenziswa. Ngokutsho kwakhe, hayi kuphela ukuvumelanisa iiwotshi, kodwa ukuqinisekisa uququzelelo eendawo - entshonalanga.

Ngoku lo ubizwa ngokuba UTC umgangatho, okanye ixesha lehlabathi. Ngokungafaniyo GMT I, nto kuthelekiswa clock atom, kwaye qho kwiminyaka 2-3 ukuze kuhlonyelwe isikali ngohlobo "okugqithe" yesibini. Oku kwenziwa ukuze kuziswe ixesha lakho ngeenkwenkwezi.

Gcoba sezigaba

Ixesha e Greenwich okuyi libalwa. Ukuze kube lula, oko ubizwa ngokuba umahluko kunye naye, oko kukuthi UTC + 1, UTC-8, njalo njalo. D. Akusoloko wasebenzisa esiqu, njengoko kwezinye iimeko bekuya kuba elifuna ukuba kuhlalwe apho ixesha lokwahlula. Oku, koko, yaba isizathu iimpawu ezithile umdla kakhulu ixesha kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Kodwa oku kuya kuxoxwa kamva.

ukusetyenziswa

Ngoko xa kwacaca ukuba zaququzelelwa enjalo, kubalulekile ukuxoxa isetyenziswa njani ehlabathini namhlanje. Okokuqala, ithe cwaka kwiqanda sisabalulekile for navigation - zombini elwandle kwaye emoyeni. Okwesibini, jikelele ushiye istampu yayo imfuneko ixesha reference eqhelekileyo. Conference ubiza phakathi kwabantu akhiwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, otyunjwe UTC.

Hi ndlela leyi, kwezinye iindawo, imimandla ixesha musa okunene khona. Sithetha malunga Arctic kunye Antarctic, apho ixesha elamkeleke kwemiqathango ngenxa UTC + 0. Eneneni, abaphandi kwizikhululo polar maziye iiyure njengoko bekhululekile. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo oosomajukujuku abasebenza ukujikeleza komhlaba.

anika umdla

System kuquka Universal Time ezinxityelelanisiweyo, kwasekwa ixesha elide, kangangokuba kwakukho ezinye iimpawu ukwazi.

• Akukho basisishunqulelo UTC khowudi yasiwa kumbhalo esemthethweni. Ngowe-1970, xa lo mgangatho yaqaliswa, kuxoxwa iinketho TUC (Temps Universel Coordonné) kunye AGENDA (uhlelwe Universal Time). Ngenxa yoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni ayeke kwi cala UTC.
• NaseNovosibirsk ibisekwe phezu kweendonga ezimbini lomlambo, enqamleza kanye elo lixa okuyi. Yaye ixesha elide kulo mzi kukho ixesha ezimbini. Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe ngo-1955 ye-ibhulorho yokuqala oko akubangeli ukungakhululeki ethile, kuba iinxalenye ezimbini naseNovosibirsk ngenkankulu yanxulunyaniswa omnye nomnye. Kodwa ke ngo-1958, kwafika umzi ixesha elinye.
• Ngokusengqiqweni, umahluko inkulu kwexesha phakathi kweendawo ezimbini zomhlaba kufuneka iiyure ezingama-24. Kodwa enyanisweni kukho 26 kwimimandla ixesha. Kwi-Pacific, iyelelene omnye komnye kukho ezimbini siqithi States: American Samoa Archipelago Line. umahluko Ixesha phakathi kwabo ziiyure ezingama-25. Kwathi ngenxa Line Islands, ngaphambili ephethwe yi-UK, walinganisa ixesha ukusuka Australian, waza wajika UTC + 14. Samoa UTC-11 izenzo A ngokungqinelana umahluko ukusuka lizwekazi eMelika.
• Kwezinye iindawo Australia maxa wambi kuvela apho ixesha tye. Oku kungenxa yokuba ayingabo bonke ithi lihamba ngexesha ebusika.
• Ayisoloko umahluko ne-Greenwich kanye inani leeyure. E Nepal izenzo UTC + 5: 45, kwezinye izixeko Australian 8: 45, yaye Nqabakazi le Chatham, New Zealand + 12: 45.