Ikhaya kunye neNtsapho, Abantwana
Itheyibhile yobunzima babantwana - uncedo oluyimfuneko kumama
Wonke umfazi okhulelweyo sele esazi ubunzima bomntwana wakhe ekupheleni kwekota. Le ngongoma ebalulekileyo. Emva koko, ke ngoko unokuvavanya imeko yezempilo kunye nophuhliso lomntwana. Kodwa ngokuzalwa kwakhe, umba wobunzima bomzimba uya kuba ngongxamiseko. Amava omama, i-kid ithola ubisi obaneleyo kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza ukuba ingaba yintoni, ngoko-ndlela ungayisebenzisa njani imenyu okanye uyondle umntwana wakho. Kamva kamva - ukuba uyidla kakuhle kwi-kindergarten, akalambile esikolweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana bayenqaba imifuno, iimveliso zobisi. Kwaye oku kuvela ukwesaba kunye nenjabulo: nokuba uya kukhula, thola isisindo esifanelekileyo, nokuba ufumana amavithamini aneleyo. Sincoma ukuba uzifundele ngezikhombisi eziqhelekileyo ezikhoyo. Itafile yesisindo sabantwana siya kubonisa ngokucacileyo.
Isalathiso sobunzima bomzimba kubantwana
Kuza kubekho, kukho imilinganiselo ethile yobunzima nokuphakama komntwana ekuzalweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubunzima bentsana buya kuvela kwi-3 ukuya kwi-3.5 kg. Naluphi na ukuphambukiswa sele kuthathwa njengengxaki yokugula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho into ebalulekileyo njengokukhula komntwana. Ngako oko, indlela eqinisekileyo yokumisela isiqhelo ukubala isalathisi. Ubunzima bomzimba kufuneka budibene ngokuphakama, ububanzi. Ubunzima bubalwa kwiikhilogram, kunye nobude kwiimitha.
Ngokomzekelo, inkwenkwe yazalwa yayizi-4 kg. Ekuboneni kokuqala-into encinci, kodwa ukulinganisa ukukhula kwayo, sithola u-54 cm. Ngoko ke, emva kokubala isalathisi kwaye uhlolisise umntwana ngokucophelela, oogqirha baqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ukhula njengoko kulindeleke. Ukubala kwesalathisi kule meko kwakulandelayo: 4 / 0.54 2 . Inkcazo yomzimba we-body mass is 13.7, leyo leyo iqukwa kwiixabiso zeetafile ze-WHO.
Umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa akafumani ubunzima ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, kwaye nangona kunjalo. Kwiintsuku zokuqala ezingu-3-4, ubunzima bayo buncipha ngo-100-250 g. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngeeveki ezimbini, abantwana bafikelela ubunzima bokuzalwa. Kwaye kwixesha elizayo umntwana kufuneka ahlale esondeza.
Umgangatho wobunzima bomntwana ugxininiswe yiMbutho wezeMpilo weSizwe. Itafile yahlaziywa ngo-2006 ingqwalasela uhlobo lokutya. Emva kwakho konke, abantwana basondeza isisindo ngokukhawuleza kunabantwana. Ngoko ke, ubunzima babantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye we-WHO luzimisele ngokuxhomekeka kwisondlo somntwana. Kwakhona, kubonisa izibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo ezifana nomjikelezo wekhanda nentloko yesifuba.
Umlinganiselo wesisindo nokuphakama kwabantwana: itafile
Idata ngokubaluleka kokuphakama nobukhulu, enikezelwa kwitheyibhile, izibonakaliso zophuhliso lomntwana ukuya kunyaka. Ikwacacisa kwakhona ubuncinci bemilinganiselo. Ukungaqhelekanga kuyisizathu esihle sokuqhagamshelana neonatologist okanye isithili sesithili sesithili.
| Ubudala | Ubude, cm | Ukwandiswa kokukhula, cm | Ubunzima, kg | Ukuzuza ubunzima, g | Inkcazo yesisa |
| Olutsha | 48-54 | 3-3.5 | 12-13.5 | ||
| 1 inyanga | 51-57 | 3 | 3.9-4.1 | 600 | 12.6-15 |
| 2 | 54-60 | 3 | 4.7-4.9 | 800 | 13.6-16.1 |
| 3 | 57-62 | 2-3 | 5.5-5.7 | 800 | 14.8-17 |
| 4 | 59-65 | 2-3 | 6.26-6.45 | 750 | 15.2-18 |
| 5 | 61-67 | 2 | 6.95-7.1 | 700 | 15.8-18.6 |
| 6 | 63-69 | 2 | 7.6-8.1 | 650 | 17-19.1 |
| Wesi-7 | 65-71 | 2 | 8.2-8.7 | 600 | 17.4-19.4 |
| 8 | 67-73 | 2 | 8.75-9.25 | 550 | 17.3-19.5 |
| 9 | 69-75 | 1-2 | 9.25-9.75 | 500 | 17.3-19.4 |
| 10 | 70-76 | 1-2 | 9.75-10.25 | 500 | 17.7-19.9 |
| 11 | 71-78 | 1-2 | 10.1-10.65 | 400 | 17.8-20.2 |
| 12 | 73-80 | 1-2 | 10.4-11 | 350 | 17.1-19.5 |
Isiqhelo sobunzima bomntwana kunye nezinye izikhombisi
Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobomi, umntwana ukhula ngamandla kwaye akhule. Iyonke imyinge, iya kukhula nge-24 cm kwaye idonsa i-8 kg. Intloko yesana iya kukhula rhoqo kwi-volume: kunyaka wokuqala wobomi iya kukhula ngo-10 cm. I-crumb iyatshintsha kwakhona umthamo wesifuba. Emva koko, zonke izitho zikhula, zifuna indawo enkulu. Ibhinti yesifuba iya kwanda ngo-11 cm.
Ukunyusa inzuzo kuyingxenye yophuhliso jikelele lomntwana. Kuya kuba yinto efanayo kwaye iqhelekileyo kuphela ukuba zonke iimeko ezifanelekileyo ezi zinto zidibeneyo. Ezi zibandakanya ukutya okufanelekileyo okunempilo, ukulala kwekhwalithi, ukuzonwabisa ngexesha elivulekileyo, imidlalo esebenzayo kunye nomoya omhle wengane.
Itafile yesisindo sabantwana nayo ikhona kwenye ifomu kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yikorridi yekhulu. Kuyizinga lesibhozo kunye neepesenti. Ngokuhambelana nokuphakama nobukhulu, umntwana ngamnye osandul 'ufumana uvavanyo lwakhe lokuqala.
Bonke abantwana bahluke
Nangona ukukhula kweempawu kunqunywe ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa ngaphambi koko, ukuphuhliswa komntwana kuxhomekeke kwidata elifa. Kwintsapho apho umama nobaba banesiqingatha esiphantsi, akunakwenzeka ukuba umfana omude wamamitha amabini uya kukhula. Kodwa ingaba buninzi kangakanani ubunzima kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wokutya. Ngoko ke, ukutya kufuneka kuchaneke ukususela ebusaneni.
Abantwana bonyaka wesibini wobomi banokulinganiswa ngokukhawuleza njengoko ngaphambili. Xa sele ekhulile umntwana uqala ukukhula kwi-jumps, ingakumbi oku kubonakala emva kweeholide zasehlobo. Ngendlela, imbono yokuba abantwana bayakhula ephupheni kulungile.
Musa ukulibala ukuba abafana bavuthisa ngokukhawuleza kunamantombazana. Ukuxhuma okubukhali ekukhuleni kwabo kwenzeka kakade kwisikolo esiphakathi-esiphakamileyo.
Umntwana onempilo - unomama onolisayo
Jonga utshintsho, ulinganise kwaye ulinganise umntwana rhoqo nyanga, kwaye itafile yobunzima babantwana iya kukunceda ngale nto. Kakade ke, ungakhohlwa ukuba bonke abantwana bahluke, kwaye ukuphuhliswa kwabo yinkqubo nganye. Kwaye nangona zonke iiparameters zentuthuko ziqhelekileyo, kodwa into enokuhlazisa, unganqikazi ukuphendulela kwingcebiso yeengcali. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kumncinci, kuba abanakho ukuphendula imibuzo yakho kunye nexhala. Ngoko ke, mayeke le datha ibe yinto engaphezulu kwenkxaso kunye neenkcukacha zenkcazelo.
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