Ithempeli kwi-Straw Hut: imbali kunye nesithombe

Ithempeli yasungulwa ngowe-1916 kwindlela ye-Neo-Russian kwaye yanikwa igama ngokuhlonipha uNicholas uMmangaliso. Umdali weprojekthi wayeyi-architect edumile uFyodor Shekhtel. Ekuqaleni kwakucetywayo ukwakha njengesikhumbuzo esingenakuphikiswa kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala. Ngexesha leSoviet Union, isakhiwo sachithwa, kwaye ukubuyiswa kwaqala kuphela ngo-1997. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwakwenziwa kwimidwebo emitsha kufuphi nendawo endala.

Ukuvela kwetempile

Kwiminyaka yokuqala yokuqala yeXIX ye-XIX, iYunivesithi yeRashiya yaseRussia ebizwa ngokuba yi-K.A. I-Timiryazev ibizwa ngokuba yiPetrovsky Academy. Eli liziko lilondolozwe yindoda eyayiyindlu yokulala kunye nophahla olutyhileyo. Ngenxa yoko igama leendwendwe. Indawo apho itempile iya kwakhiwa ngo-1916 yayiyidolophana yeholide apho abahambi bahamba baya kwidolophana ebizwa ngokuba yiPetrovsko-Razumovskoye.

Indlu encinane yamagumbi amane, njengendlu, ayigcinwanga, kodwa kwimbali wayidlala indima ebalulekileyo. NgokukaKonstantin Melnikov, umakhi owaziwayo owazalelwa kule ndawo yokuhlala, ucingo olungenakulinganiswa olujikelezwe ngalo, ngaphakathi kwintendelezo kwakukho igumbi, apho kwakukho khona imithi. Kwakhona kwintsimi yendlu kwakuyi-horse stall kunye nequla elingafihli. Ezinye izongezo kwiinkcukacha malunga ne-lodge zingatholakala kwibali le-VG Korolenko "Iprokhor nabafundi."

Ngethuba lovuyo lwango-1905 phakathi kolutsha kunye nabafundi, idolophana yasePetrovsko-Razumovskoye ibekwe phantsi kolawulo lomapolisi wedolophu, kwaye i-straw lodge yaba yindawo yokuhlala yokuhlala kwipolisa. Emva kwenguqulelo, kwakukho isebe lamapolisa apha, kwaye emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBili isakhiwo saqhekeka. Namhlanje indlu yanamhlanje ifana kwindawo yayo.

Emva kwesikolo kwakuyinqaba yegada, ekhoyo apha kwixesha lehlobo. Emva kokubhengezwa kokugqitywa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi YeyokuQala, ukuqinisekiswa kwempi kwenziwa kwiindawo eziza kuhamba phambili. Ngexesha elithile kamva, isiphakamiso senziwa ukuba kufunyenwe itempile ehlobo apha ngemali eyinikelwe, eqokelelwe malunga nama-ruble ayi-3000. Iminikelo ayiyenziwa kuphela ngamagosa kunye nabaphathi bomkhosi, kodwa kunye nabanikazi beeholide eziseduze.

Ukwakhiwa kweCawa yaseSt. Nicholas kwi-Straw Hut

Umakhi wezakhiwo uFeodor Ivanovich Shekhtel, ukuthumela kwi-rector ikhadi elibonisa le ndwendwe, lathi akazange akhiphe indalo enhle ebomini bakhe. Kwizakhiwo zeendwendwe, ezazihlala malunga nama-parishioners ayikhulu, kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingamashumi amathathu. Umakhi wezokwakha wakwazi ukuphinda abuyele ezininzi iindlela zobugcisa kunye neenkcukacha zeetempile zesitayela se-hip. Ukungafani kwakukho kwisakhiwo sakhiwo sakhiwo kunye nensimbi yentsimbi, eyayihlanganiswa kunye neendwendwe. Iitempile zemihlathi ezenziwe ngamatente ezikumntla zaseRashiya iiXVI-XVIII iikholeji zasebenza njengemizekelo yokwakhiwa kweli cawa.

Intshonalanga yaseFeropontov yasebenza njengomzekelo wokuhlobisa kunye nokudweba ngaphakathi. Iimpawu zangempela zee-6th-7 zeenkulungwane zazalisa ingaphakathi lecawa, kwaye eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yaba yintloko yesango. Udwebo lwenziwe ngabantwana baseShekhtel, abakwa-master of the paint. Umakhi wendawo wayehlala kufuphi nendalo yakhe, ngoko ke wayedla ngokutyelela iindwendwe kunye nokuhlola imeko yayo.

Umsebenzi wokuqala

UBhishop Demetrius wayeyindoda ekhanyisa iTempile kwiHuty Straw ngoJulayi 20, 1926. Lo mbhiyozo wabanjwa phambi koElizabeth Feodorovna, iRhuluneli yaseMoscow-Jikelele, amagosa, amagosa kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni. Ngomhla ofanayo, intetho enesidima eyenziwe malunga nokubaluleka okukhulu kwesakhiwo esitsha, eyayiyisikhumbuzo sokuqala kwiimfazwe ezimbi zemfazwe.

Emva kweminyaka elishumi yokusebenza, ezininzi iimpazamo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zecawa zavezwa. UFedor Shekhtel wabhekisela kwikomiti yokwakha waza wacela ukuba iindonga zingaphakathi zihlanganiswe nge-asbestos okanye kwikhadibhodi yaseSweden. Wancoma ukuba ukufudumeza umbane kuqhutywe ukubeka iliso kwilizwe laphantsi komhlaba. Ngelishwa, imiyalelo yakhe yayinganyanzelwanga.

Njengoko kwakukho iindwendwe ngexesha le-USSR

Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, icawa yayisetyenziselwa iimfuno zomkhosi, emva kowe-1917 kwavulelwa ama-parishion. Inani labantu abaya kwicawa landa kakhulu xa iindwendwe ezazihlala zivaliwe. Kwangexesha elide itempile yayikhonza bonke abantu. Abafundisi abambalwa, abahlala kunye nokusebenzela ngenxa yabantu kunye noThixo, batyathwa njengabangcwele. Amagama abo khumbula imbali yetempile: uVasily Nadezhdin, uVladimir Ambartsumov, uMikhail Slavsky.

Owokuqala wamiselwa njengomfundisi (umfundisi ongumtshato obesetyhini) weTempile kwi-Straw Lodge ngo-1921. U-Vasily Nadezhdin uphathiswe umsebenzi wokufundisa ngokomoya kunye nokuziphatha kwabafundi bee-Academy. Ukufaneleka kwakhe kubandakanya ukudala i-choir yebandla kunye nokuziphatha kweenkqubo zokushumayela ngoMgqibelo. Ngomnyaka we-1929, uNadezhdin wabanjwa ngamandla aseSoviet, athatyathwa ngu-Ambartsumov. Ngomnyaka we-1932 i- abbot yokugqibela ye-monasteri yavalelwa .

Ithempeli e-Straw Lodge yavalwa ngo-1935, kwaye i-belfry yayo nentente yabhujiswa. Nangona kunjalo, abanye ababonela ngamehlo bathi inkonzo kunye nokubhaptizwa kwaqhubeka ixesha elithile. Kamva isakhiwo sajika saba yindwendwe, kwaye ngo-1960 umntu owayengumongameli wangaphambili, wabhujiswa ngokupheleleyo, wabhujiswa. Indawo yakhe yayihlala kwindawo yokuhlala ephakamileyo yokuhlaselwa kwezempi.

Ubomi obutsha bendwendwe

NgoDisemba ka-1995, ingcamango yokuvuselela indlu yangasese phantsi kolawulo lomsebenzi wecawa engummelwane yangeniswa. Indawo entsha yesiseko yayingamakhulu amathathu eekhilomitha ezili-square zomhlaba osekupheleni kwepaki "iDubki". Le ngcamango yaxhaswa yinani elikhulu labantu basekuhlaleni, i-abbots kunye nabanye abashishini.

Kwiesampuli zemizobo ehleliyo, umakhi uBormotov uphuhliso lwesicwangciso esitsha sokwakha. Umsebenzi waqala ngo-1996, kwaye icawa yavulwa ngonyaka. Ngexesha lokumiswa, imithetho emininzi yokubuyiselwa kwezesayensi ayizange ibonwe. Abantu abajongene nolwakhiwo abazange baqokelele zonke iimfuneko ezifunekayo kunye neziqinisekiso. UGeorge Polozov, umgcini weCawa yeSandla kwi Khovrin, wavuma ukukhawuleza kwakhe, kodwa wathi akayi kuwugqiba umsebenzi wakhe ukuba wayenze yonke into ngokungqinelana nemithetho yokwakha izakhiwo.

Ukubuyiselwa kweCawa yaseSt. Nicholas kwiStw Lodge kwakuyinto enkulu. Namhlanje kukho imyuziyam apha, udade ovulekile oOthodoki, isikolo seSonto. Abahlali bebandla bayawubhiyozela umoya othabathayo wokungenisa izihambi kule ndawo kunye nesimo esisebenzayo se-abbots kunye namaonks.

Ithempeli kwi-Straw Hut: ishedyuli yeenkonzo

I-monasteri ikhona: eMoscow, i-Ivanovskaya isitalato, inombolo yendlu 3. Isikhululo se-metro esiseduze sithi "iTimiryazevskaya", esiyi-400 metres ukusuka emnyango wokungena kwi-Inn yeNdlu kaNicholas kwi-Straw Lodge. Ishedyuli yomsebenzi kunye neenkonzo zingabonwa kwisango eliphambili, ngaphandle kwayo yonke ingcaciso malunga nale nto ifumaneka kwiNethiwekhi Yomhlaba wonke.