Istra: izinto, iimbali kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

Isixeko sase-Istra, iindawo ezikhangayo esiza kubakho kule nqaku, zifumaneka kumadlelo aseMoscow, iikhilomitha ezingama-40 kuphela entshona kwiphondo. Leli liziko lolawulo lommandla we-Istra kunye neyona ndawo yamaziko amakhulu ase-Orthodox kwelizwe lethu.

Kusuka kwimbali yesixeko

Ukususela ngo-1871 ukuya ku-1930 loo mzi wawubizwa ngokuba yi-Ascension. Kwakukhankanywe okokuqala ngo- 1589. Ngaloo mihla kwakukho iindwendwe ezizungezwe kwiidolophana. Kwaye kamva isixeko savela kwiindonga zayo. Ngo-1656, uMphathiswa uNicon watyelela ezi ndawo . Wagqiba ukudala kulo mhlaba "ummandla waseMoscow wasePolestine". Isicwangciso sakhe sazaliseka. Imbali yeso sixeko ayinakulinganiswa kwiimbali ze-New Jerusalem Monastery, esekelwe kwimithetho yentsapho.

Ngo-1781 iVoskresensk yafumana imeko yeso sixeko, kwaye emva koko yaba yiphondo lesithili. Izazi-mlando zidibanisa ukuphuhliswa koqoqosho ngokukhawuleza kweso sixeko kunye nokwakhiwa komzila wesithili. Kwenzeke ekuqaleni kwe-XX leminyaka. Amashishini amashishini ashumi asebenza apha ekuqaleni kowe-1916. Ngeli xesha, iVoskresensk yaba yindawo yezithili zenkcubeko. E-Istra kwaye namhlanje abaphulaphuli bayabingiswa ngedlala yezemidlalo yedala yeyona ndawo endala, eyayiqala ukuvula iingcango zayo ngo-1908. KwiVoskresensk ixesha elide lihlala AP Chekhov. Apha kwakukho i-AI uHerzen noMnu Yu uLermontov.

Istra namhlanje

Kwiminyaka embi yeMfazwe Enkulu yamaPatriotic, amaqhinga, amaxhoba egazi e-Istra. Isixeko sasiqhoxiswa ebusweni bomhlaba. Namhlanje liziko loshishino lwangoku. Amashishini amakhulu kunesi sixeko i-OAO Gazprom, i-OOO Laktalis Istra, i-OAO Sokol kunye nabanye. Kodwa ngaphezu koko, i-Istra iyaziwa ngokuba yizikhumbuzo zembali kunye nezakhiwo. Izinto ezikulo mzi ziyaziwa ngaphaya kwemida yawo. Siza kukuzisa kwezinye zazo.

Istra: ukubona indawo. Yintoni ongayibona?

Nangona utshabalalo olunobunzima lweso sixeko ngabantu abafake ama-fascists, ezininzi iimpawu zeembali nezakhiwo eziye zagcinwa kwaye zabuyiselwa kuyo. Esinye seziphambili zazo yiNew Jerusalem Jerusalem Monastery.

G. Istra, ezo zikhangiso zichazwe kwiincwadana ezininzi zokuthengwa kwee-arhente zokuhamba, ziyaziwayo ngenxa yolu hlobo olukhethekileyo. Kungenxa yokutyelelwa kweNew Jerusalem Jerusalem Monastery apho zonke iindwendwe zesixeko ziqala ngokuqhelekileyo. Yayisungulwa ngo-1656 ngu-Patriarch Nikon. Esi sakhiwo esiphezulu siyinxalenye yesakhiwo esakhiwa yi tempile eyaziwayo eYerusalem.

Ukwakhiwa kwetempile kwaqala entwasahlobo ka-1658 kwaye yahlala iminyaka eyisibhozo, kwaze kwaba yilapho i-Nikon yathunyelwa ekuthinjweni. Ulwakhiwo lonke lwee-monastery lwagqitywa emva kokufa kukaNicon (ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVII). Ngowe-1919 i-monastery yavalwa, kwaye imyuziyam yafakwa kwindawo yayo.

Ngexesha lemfazwe ka-1941-1945. Indawo yokuhlala yayisondele ngokupheleleyo. Ngomnyaka we-1956, umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa nokubuyiswa kwaqala, oqhubekayo nanamhlanje. Ukutshintshwa kweendwendwe zeCawa yaseOrthodox yaseRussia kwaqala ngo-1994, kodwa ngoku kukhoyo kunye nembali kunye neyamyuziyamu yezakhiwo.

IMyuziyam yaseYurophu entsha

Kwi-Orthodox ehlabathini lonke, i-Istra yindawo enomdla kakhulu. Iindwendwe zale dolophu encinci zikhangela amawaka abahambahambayo ngonyaka. Ukongeza kwizakhiwo zonqulo, iMyuziyam kunye neNgqungquthela yeeNgqungquthela "IYerusalem entsha" ithandwa kakhulu. Yasekwa ngowe-1920. Le ngenye yezona zincinci ezinkulu kwiimyuziyam zaseMoscow. Kwiqoqo yakhe engaphezulu kwama-180 eemiboniso-izinto ezingabalulekiyo zeempahla zecawa, imifanekiso engaphandle kunye neyaseRussia, izixhobo, i-porcelain, ifenitshala ekhethekileyo ezivela kwiindawo ezintle ezikufutshane neMoscow, iincwadi ezingabonakali zincwadi eziprintiweyo, iqoqo elincinci lemifanekiso kunye nepeyinti ye-XX leminyaka.

Inkqantosi eyingqayizivele inendawo yokupaka apho izikhumbuzo zezakhiwo zeempahla ze-XIX zeeminyaka zimelelwe: indawo yokuhlala, i-pillow, i-chapel. Abakhenkethi banokutyelela isakhiwo sombukiso, bakhwele ihashe. Kwintsimi yenkomfa yeemyuziyamu, iziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zemikhosi zigcinwa rhoqo kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana.

Ngoku i-museum iye yafudukela kwisakhiwo esitsha esiphezulu kunye nommandla weekhilomitha ezili-10 zeemitha. Kukho namagumbi elayibrari yenzululwazi, i-archive, iholo yeenkomfa efanelekileyo, i-cafe, ivenkile zokukhumbula.

Pokrovskoe - Rubtsovo Estate

Iimpawu ze-Istria kunye neendawo ezikufutshane nazo zinomdla kubakhenkethi abaye bagcinwa kweli lizwe ngamanxuwa. Omnye wabo nguPokrovskoe-Rubtsovo. Le yindawo endala eyayihlala kwintsapho ehloniphekileyo yeNashchokins ukususela ngo-1616.

Kwinkulungwane ye-XVII, inkundla yenkwenkwe yakhiwa apha, ngekhulu le-18 icawa yasePokrovskaya ilitye yavela kwintsimi ye-manor. Isakhiwo ngumzekelo ongaqhelekanga wobugcisa baroque kwisithili saseMoscow. Kamva kamva, itempile yavuselelwa ngokwendlela yokufunda.

Okwangoku, abatyeleli banokubona iifama kunye necawa. Emva kweNashchokiny, ilifa lalingabakhonzi beGolokhvastov, kwaye kamva ngumvelisi uMorozov. Ixesha elihle lelifa libuyele kwikhulu le-18, xa kwakhiwa iindawo zokupaka ezakhiweyo zakhiwo zamatye apha. Kuze kube ngoku, ipaki kunye necawa kuphela.

I-Troitskoe Manor

Iindwendwe ze-Istra (esifundeni saseMoscow) ziyinxalenye enkulu yamabandla amancinci kunye namatempile amakhulu. Kwindawo yaseTroitskoye kukho inqaku elimangalisayo elinamabandla amabini - ilitye leZiqu zintathu kunye necawa yesithathu yomthi, eyakhiwa ngo-1675 waza wanconywa ngoSergius waseRadonezh. Emva kokuba iTroitskoe i-estate yayingowokudala waseRussia u-Boborykin. Emva koko indawo leyo ibizwa ngokuba yiBobyrevo, kunye ne-churchyard. Namhlanje, unokubona amathuna amandulo kunye nama-tombstones adlulileyo.

Kuze kube ngoku, i-Istra ngokwayo, iindibano zezinye zazo zibangelwa iingxabano zesayensi. Ngokomzekelo, nangona i-data esemthethweni isebenzayo, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba icawa yokhuni yayakhiwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala seXIX yeli nqanaba ngaphantsi kwesiseko samatye omhlophe, ukuvula iifestile ezivulekileyo, ukulungiswa kwamapangca avela kwiingeniso, kwaye icawa ngokwayo yayilungiswa kakuhle.

Umlobi weprojekthi yetempile yamatye yayinguMN Litvinov. Lungcwaliswa ngozuko lweZiqu zintathu zoBomi. Isakhiwo senziwe kwi-Neo-Russian (isitayela-isiRashiya).

Istra: ezityekisayo zendalo. Umyezo waseGetsemane

Ipaki enhle kunye nemithi yeminatha yeminyaka emininzi kunye nomsedare weedarive ephantsi kwentaba yeendwendwe. Uyingxenye yenkxalapho "iYerusalem entsha" waza wakhulelwa njengendlela yokongezwa kwindwendwe. Kwintsimi yepaki kukho iindwendwe zikaNicon, i-chapel. Amagama abo ayaboleka kwiindawo ezingcwele zaseYerusalem. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba nangona umlambo i-Istra, owawujikeleza ipaki, waqanjwa ngokuthi yiJordan.

Inyaniso

Ngomnyaka we-1881, udokotela oselula u-AP Chekhov waqalisa ukusebenza kwisixeko saseVoskresensk. Emaphethelweni edolophu kwakukho isibhedlele saseChikinskaya, yaqhutywa ngugqirha odumile PA Arkhangelsky, owayenomdla njengengcali enkulu, kuba oogqirha kunye nabagqirha abancinci bevela kulo lonke ilizwe beza kusebenza. Waba ngumfundi wakhe noDkt. Chekhov.

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba iYerusalem ("isixeko soxolo") sise-Israel. Kodwa akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba unalo "amagama" eRussia, kufuphi neMoscow. Kwaye oku akuyona nje itempile, enegama elifanayo, kodwa ukuzaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwintlandlolo yase-Israel kunye neendawo zayo ezingcwele. UMnu Yu Lermontov wavakashela i- New Jerusalem Monastery . Yayilapha apho imbongo ethi "In Voskresensk" ibhaliwe.