Isiphumo yezinto eziphilayo radiation phezu kwabantu

Isiphumo yezinto eziphilayo radiation phezu kwabantu ilele zaso emzimbeni ionization inyama kunye nenkangeleko isifo radiation. Esi sifo siya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi: loo ndawo ichaphazeleka, ithamo ionizing imitha, ixesha apho idosi ezifunyenweyo.

radiation ionizing

Xa amasuntswana eliphezulu-amandla okanye photons apho kugqitha ubuncwane zakha iperi endleleni yayo amasuntswana icala, ezo zibizwa ngokuba ion. Ngoko ke eyingozi ionizing radiation. Isiphumo yezinto eziphilayo radiation kunempembelelo enkulu kwinto ephilayo. Ukuphila zomzimba - kukho iiseli athe rhoqo ihlaziywa, yinkqubo olutshintshayo. Kwaye ionizing radiation ithintelwa buhlungu kuye.

Inxalenye ukonzakala radiation ezinxulumene izilonda mechanical kwezakhiwo emolekyuli ezifana zofuzo. Inxalenye - kwiinkqubo imichiza ukuthatha indawo Khulula radicals. Ekubeni indoda 75% yamanzi, yemisebe lokuqala radiation ukufunxa iiseli yamanzi, ukwakha radicals ezamahala ezifana OH, HO2, N. In indlela igcwala ilandelayo kwenzeka radicals chain ezi iimolekyuli protein. Ngoko kukho utshintsho ezisebenzayo kwimithetho zobomi cell eziphilayo.

Ezi nguqu zilandelayo zenzeka iiseli:

• mechanism lahlule ulimele nabenzakeleyo iseli chromosomal izixhobo;
• sivale inkqubo yokuhlaziywa kunye nohlenga weeseli;
• sivale inkqubo ukwanda kunye inyama ngokutsha.

Uninzi iziphumo ngokobugcisa ifuthe radiation kwi umongo zihlaziywa rhoqo, udakada, gonads, njl

Ezifo radiation syndrome

A idosi iphezulu kakhulu ionizing radiation (mkhulu 600 Rad) kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni ngokukhawuleza umntu (xa kwenziwa naluphi na unyango). Xa ne nedosi ye-400-600 Rad kwabulawa malunga-50% yabantu. Iqala ukugula radiation etsolo, apho siyabutyaka afe inkqubo hematopoietic (lomongo wethambo ebomvu) kwaye iyayeka esebenza inkqubo yokuzikhusela.

Kwiveki yokuqala ahlekise radiation syndrome nazimpawu - ixesha ebizwa ngokuba abagxothwa esi sifo. Kwandule ke ukubakho ucazululo, akaphumeleli amajoni omzimba, aqalile ngokuqatsela zonke izifo ezingapheliyo kunye nosulelo olutsha. Malunga kwiveki yesine zokuphuhlisa anaemia, igazi liyayeka phinda nengozi yokuba ukopha.

Kumphakamo wangoku we amayeza ikuvumela ukuba asindise abantu abaye bafumana ithamo we ionizing radiation ukuya 1000 Rad. Ngaphambili, imiphumo ngokobugcisa radiation ngendlela imali ukunyanga. isifo Imitha - oku zingqubane umonakalo. avumelekile kunokubangela wegazi kunye nangezilonda ezahlukeneyo amabi.

Imithombo kunye neentlobo sesichengeni kwemitha

Umntu unako ukufumana idosi eyingozi imitha kwimitha abadlulayo kwamafu okanye Imiphezulu yezakhiwo, izakhiwo kunye nomhlaba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba radiation lwangaphandle. exposure Internal kwenzeka xa umntu inhales zetoti osulelekileyo (ingozi inhalation) okanye udla ezingcolisekileyo ukutya kunye namanzi. izinto Radioactive ukuze ungene ulusu kunye nempahla. kuzichanaba kuthiwa qha.

Isiphumo yezinto eziphilayo radiation kunokubangela ezi ziphumo zilandelayo:

• stochastic Somatic. Kunzima ukubona yaye kuvela eminyaka.
• Somatic. Oku kuchaphazela kuphela sesichengeni yomntu kwinzala ayiphazamiseki.
• Yemfuza. Yephule izakhiwo iseli ngokwesondo zakohlwaywa abantu ezichaphazela inzala, ebonakala kunye sengozini bekhubazekile kunye zofuzo.

The degree of sesichengeni kuxhomekeke kungekuphela idosi kodwa ngexesha sesichengeni kwemitha. Ithamo ka 300 Rad, nto leyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, ukuba esi sifo ingakhokeleli, kwaye ngexesha elinye kunokukhokelela kwintlekele. isifo radiation Acute nga kwenzeka xa efumana nedosi enye ye-rads 100.