Isakhiwo ngokwegrama intetho - nto ... Formation lobume yegrama sentetho abantwana

Yokuma kwezivakalsi zentetho - i impefumlelwano amagama kunye amabinza nezivakalisi. Luhlanganisa morphemics, kwezivakalisi kunye ukuyilwa lizwi. lasungulwa kubantwana kungenxa ukuxelisa intetho abadala. Le umyinge wokuphelelwa ngokwegrama isakhiwo umntwana okhula ngaphandle koncedo. Kudla kukho kukwaphula yenkqubo. Eli nqaku linika inkcazelo eza kuvumela ukufumanisa indlela ukuyilwa kobume ngokwegrama yokuthetha ebantwaneni.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga yokuma kwezivakalsi

Kolwimi - eyagcina lifunda ubume ulwimi kunye nemithetho yayo. Ngenxa yakhe, kuba kwasekwa neqondakalayo kubo bonke abangeenxa zonke kuye. K. D. Ushinsky wayekholelwa ukuba igrama - yiyo ingqiqo ngolwimi. Abakwisikolo sabantwana abo kahle, ibunjiwe zobuntlola.

Isakhiwo ngokwegrama intetho - into oluye lwakhula iqela leminyaka. Isiseko sesifundo wayo ulwazi ubudlelwane kunye ubunyani ezingqongileyo. Noko ke, okokuqala intetho lomntwana ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa kwezivakalisi yi wawuyinkangala.

Ukuze abazali, kubalulekile ukuba negalelo kuphuhliso-ntetho (syntactic) Inkqubo yokuthetha abantwana. Kungenjalo, dysgraphia (waphula lokubhala) kunokuthi kwenzeke ebantwaneni. Ukuvimbela kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela kwaye baqinisekise ukuba abantwana ngokubanzi.

izigaba zingahlukaniswa kwi nokwenziwa kwezibonelelo ngokwegrama lwimi:

• nokuqonda intsingiselo oko weva;
• Ngokuboleka amagama intetho abadala kunye noontanga;
• Imfundo Ngamanye amazwi, xa umzekeliso ezaziwayo;
• uvavanyo ukuchaneka ulwakhiwo zentetho.

Ulandelelwano kophuhliso kwintetho isakhiwo syntactic

Abantwana bafunda ngokuthe negrama. Oku kungenxa iimpawu ubudala nokuntsonkotha ulwimi Russian. Le ntetho abunjwe ngokupheleleyo umntwana ukuya kwiminyaka-8.

Kumanqanaba zilandelayo zikhona kuphuhliso lwe-ntetho:

• ukulungisa iphutha;
• ukuphelela imiba syntactic intetho;
• ukuphuhlisa umdla ngolwimi lwenkobe;
• ulawulo ukuchaneka intetho yabanye.

Amanqanaba ukubunjwa yokuthetha abantwana

Abazali nootitshala kufuneka ikhuthaze uphuhliso kwenkqubo morphological ulwimi Russian. Kubalulekile ukuba abantwana baqonde ukuba beyiseke ngayo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bancede bafunde lwesivakalisi kunye neempawu.

Xa besebancinane nophakathi igxininisa iimpawu morphological. Isakhiwo ngokwegrama yokuthetha Funda uthole kweli nqanaba libizwa ekuqaleni kuphela ukuhluma. Kweli nqanaba, kufuneka ukunceda umntwana aqonde indlela igama benazo izimamva, izimaphambili kunye neziphelo.

Xa isikolo ekuqaleni iminyaka kuphuculwe ubuxhakaxhaka syntax. Kweli nqanaba, umntwana kufuneka ukufumana ulungise iimpazamo kwintetho yakhe.

Iingxaki kuphuhliso kwenkqubo ngokwegrama kokuya esikolweni abantwana ONR

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba ukuyilwa esichanekileyo ulwimi oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi wonke umntu. Ngenxa yokuma kwezivakalsi, ngamnye kuthi ukuqonda oko abanye bathini.

intetho yomntwana zinxulumene kakhulu kuphuhliso yakhe engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba banikele ingqalelo ubukho zezigulo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ukuba bahlukane kubo. Uviwo lwe-ntetho intetho ebantwaneni ibonisa ukuba lasungulwa kwenzeka ngolandelelwano engqongqo.

baswele jikelele intetho - kuphazamiseka apho umntwana phambi iindidi entsokothileyo nentetho engekho mgaqweni. Kukho iindidi ezintathu ezingaqhelekanga:

• Isigaba 1. Ephawuleka ngokungabikho epheleleyo zentetho.
• Isigaba 2. Kule meko ke ngoku. Akukho izijekulo lepetnye kunye namagama. Kukho ukuphazamiseka isandi kunye syllabic order.
• Isigaba sesithathu. Kulo mzekelo, kukho phonetic kwaye izandi kunye lungelelanisa kunye nokungaphuhli syntactic.

Yokuma kwezivakalsi sentetho abantwana kokuya esikolweni kunye ONR ukusekwa kancinci. Bayibonisa izakhi zolwimi nokungavisisani, kwakunye neenkqubo morphological kunye syntactic. Iingcali zithi aba abantwana Ukungazinzi ilahleko ngokukhawuleza ingqalelo. Bona, ngokungafaniyo noontanga babo, kunciphise inkumbulo eziviwayo kunye nokusebenza ukuwakhumbula.

umsebenzi lezoluleko nabantwana ONR luphuhliso inkqubo syntactic. Ibangela elona nani likhulu iingxaki kwezi Funda uthole. Kuba ngendlela umntwana ulungiso ufanele ayiqonde indima edlalwe yi-morpheme.

Abantwana Abangaboniyo intetho eqhelekileyo waphawula ubunzima ekukhetheni connecting iindlela zegrama. Oku kungenxa incompleteness na eminye imisebenzi zolwimi.

Dysgraphia kwintetho ndiseyimbumba zegrama

yokuma kwezivakalsi intetho - eli intsebenziswano iiyunithi kunye ulwimi. Abazali kunye nootitshala kufuneka ulandele ngenyameko kuphuhliso yayo ebantwaneni. Xa kuthe kwephulwa ukuba inyanzelekile ukubhekisela oyingcali ukuze kuthintelwe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ngexesha kuphuhliso olucothayo lwesakhiwo syntactic ukuze dysgraphia. Isifo luphawulwa kukungakwazi bamba ileta ukuba kukho umgangatho ngokwaneleyo ingqondo. Ukophulwa lonxulumelwano lwegrama - le yenye iimpawu lusenokungamkelwa. Kubalulekile ukuba abazali abazange kakubi umntwana yemposiso, kodwa kuqala uzame ukuqonda oko kwabangela inkangeleko yazo. Mhlawumbi lo mntwana ityala elikhoyo, nto leyo iza kulungiswa yi yincutshe.

Agrammaticheskaya dysgraphia ngenxa isakhiwo engaphelelanga lungelelanisa kunye syntactic zolwimi. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana nzima ukuseka ngokulandelelana kwamagama kwisivakalisi. Kudla kukho ukuphazamiseka syntactic apho abantwana uphosa iindawo ezibalulekileyo yesivakalisi. Ukuba kukho ubungqina uneempawu zaso nasiphi na iSifo abanezakhono kakhulu ukuba uphuhliso yokuma kwezivakalsi zentetho lwenzeka kancinci. Oku kunokwenzeka xa namnqweno ukufunda, okanye ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukunyhashwa.

Uphuhliso lwesigama kunye nesakhiwo syntactic

Iingcali ukuchonga iintlobo ezimbini of acquisition isigama - ubunjani kunye zamanani. kakhulu ukuba zihlobene. Ukwanda ubuninzi kwisigama ngenxa ihlabathi ngaphandle umntwana. ukugqitywa kwalo ngenxa intetho abadala kunye noontanga. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba namhlanje umntwana lesikolo lithatha iminyaka emithathu, uye isigama yayo malunga 3 amawaka amagama.

amagama ebibekiwe awukwazi wona ngokwawo kukhonza njengendlela kwingqiqo yolwazi nonxibelelwano. Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ukuyilwa kobume zegrama zentetho. Kuba unxibelelwano kunye nolwazi umntwana kufuneka ukwakha izivakalisi kunye namabinzana, esebenzisa iziseko igrama efanelekileyo.

Nge ubudala, umntwana ngokuthe ngcembe iqale ukuthatha intsingiselo amagama ziyafumaneka kwi-stock. Ekuqaleni, kusenokuba kukho iimpazamo kusetyenziso iingcambu, izimaphambili kunye nezimamva.

Malunga emithathu leminyaka ukuyilwa kobume ngokwegrama kwintetho abantwana. Baqala ukuqonda iipateni ephambili yokwakha izivakalisi kunye namabinzana. Kweli xesha, umntwana okusenza ityala igama kunye nenombolo. Uyakwazi ukwakha izivakalisi ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo. Ngcembe kwandisa kunye nesigama. Kweli nqanaba, kubalulekile ukuba umntwana imali eyaneleyo ingqalelo kwaye usebenzise imidlalo zemfundo.

Isakhiwo ngokwegrama iqela kokuya esikolweni intetho saya siba ngcono. Abantwana bafunda iindidi declension kunye conjugation, benza ulandelelwano isandi kunye neendlela Ukuveliswa. Kweli nqanaba, indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa isixa-stock isigama yomntwana. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-4-5 abantwana Ungasebenzisa ngabom kubo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba inkqubo lwegrama, guqula kancinane kubo.

iindlela Modern zokubumba isakhiwo syntactic

Uphuhliso lwe-ntetho - kwibakala ebalulekileyo kwintetho ngokupheleleyo kunye nophuhliso nasengqondweni. Ngemihla yethu yesikolo kuba kudinga kubafundi elizayo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba kule minyaka yakutsha nje kukho ingxaki ebalulekileyo zekharityhulam yesikolo.

umsebenzi Modern ukwenza iziseko lwegrama iqulethe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• inflection;
• ukubunjwa igama;
• ulungelelwaniso;
• ukwakha izivakalisi namabinzana.

Nazo zonke ezi kwiziseko umntwana kufuneka kufunyanwa kwangethuba kangangoko iminyaka epriskuli. ukuyilwa msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngokucwangcisiweyo. Abazali badlala indima enkulu kule nkqubo.

Iindlela ukuze kwakhiwe intetho lwegrama

Iindlela athe ngayo abunjwe zegrama ziquka imidlalo kwezemfundo, umdlalo-ukudlalwa, imithambo kwi gama-ukubunjwa kanye ukuguqulwa, kwakunye ukubalisa amabali amafutshane.

Iinketho zokuqala ezimbini zisetyenziswa kuqeqesho ubudala junior and phakathi esikolweni. Le mithambo ezisebenza ukuyilwa yokuthetha zegrama kule umntwana kwiminyaka 4-6 ubudala. Noko ke, kwiincwadi mihla banikela imisebenzi onke amaqela ubudala.

Techniques ezisetyenziselwa ukuyilwa intetho lwegrama

iindlela zokufundisa zisetyenziselwa ukuyilwa intetho lwegrama ohlukahlukeneyo. Bona kumiselwa umxholo, inqanaba izinto ezingaqhelekanga, iimpawu zentetho abantwana kunye nobudala babo. Oku kungenziwa ngokuba ubuchule obusisiseko lulwimi lokufundisa:

• umzekelo;
• incazelo;
• sokuthelekisa
• ukuvuselelwa.

Enkosi kubo, singakwazi ukuphelisa kukuvela iimpazamo kunokwenzeka xa kusakhiwa izivakalisi ukubonisa umntwana kuyilo ekunene.

imidlalo yayisetyenziselwa

Mva nje, ethandwayo ikakhulukazi imidlalo kwezemfundo -ntetho zentetho. Le yindlela esebenzayo yokuqinisa izakhono ezikhoyo. Ngokufuthi, ibhola ezisetyenziswa imidlalo yayisetyenziselwa. Kulo mzekelo, umntu omdala ukuba uyidlulisele komnye umntwana ukubiza nayiphi into, ezifana "itafile". Eyodwa kufuneka ngokuba kwa into enye, kodwa isinciphiso - "itafile" njalo-njalo ..

Ephumelelayo kwakhona umdlalo apho umntwana kufuneka bazobe kuxwebhu lwe item ephepheni, waza ke wamchazela ukuba arhola (umba, ubungakanani, ubungakanani, umbala).

UPawulos

Yokuma kwezivakalsi zentetho - na ubudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi amabinza nezivakalisi. Yaba Bulelani kuye ukuba umntu unako ukunxibelelana nabanye. Kubalulekile ukulandela isakhiwo ezichanekileyo zegrama esemncinane. Nakuphi na ukunyhashwa asenokubonisa zokwahluka kangangoko ekukhuleni komntwana.

Ukuba kukho iimpazamo ukuba akazalani intswela imithetho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba libhekisela owayendifundisa ukuthetha. Kuba ukuyilwa kwenkqubo ngokwegrama Funda uthole badla ukusebenzisa imidlalo yayisetyenziselwa. Le ndlela ngomnye kakhulu ngempumelelo.