Intsebenziswano yenethiwekhi - yintoni na?

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, sonke sisebenzisa ukukwazi ukwabelana ngolwazi olunomdla kunye nezinto kunye nabahlobo nabanye abantu. Ngokukodwa ngoku, i-Intanethi ibalulekile, kuba inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke isinika ithuba lokutshintshisana.

Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi kunye nokuthunyelwa kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, namhlanje ithandwe yintanethi ethandwayo kakhulu (P2P), ekhethekileyo ekuthunyeleni phantse nayiphi na imali yedatha. Kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, akuyena kuphela ummandla apho le teknoloji ifunwa ngokwenene. Ngokomzekelo, kungenxa yokuba iinqununu ezininzi zeekhompyutha ezishicilelweyo zidalwe zisebenzisa amandla eikhomputha ezikude.

I-"ethical" yecala lombuzo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, inethwekhi yontanga-nontanga "idemoni" kwiminyaka yamuva. Okokuba "kuyingozi" ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukufumana ii-virus kunye nomxholo ongafunekiyo, bathetha ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iindaba.

Ngesizathu esithile, intatheli zivele zifihlile ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba ubuncinane i-70% yezithuthi ukusuka kwiprotokholi ye-P2P iwela kubasebenzisi abasebenzisa umthetho ngokupheleleyo nakwiinkampani ezipheleleyo ezikhupha kuphela iinkonzo zazo, ezibandakanya iikhomputha eziqhelekileyo ekutshintshisweni kwedatha. Umzekelo olula: ixesha elide sele likhona "I-snowstorm", yinkampani yeBlizzard, isebenzisa la manxeba ukuhlaziya abathengi be "Warcraft" efanayo kunye neminye imidlalo. Akuyimfuneko ukukhankanya ukuba luninzi ulwazi oluvela kubadlali abavela kwihlabathi lonke!

Kodwa kule nqaku inethiwekhi yontanga iya kuhlolisiswa kwiindawo zokufumana nokudlulisa iifayile, kuba eli candelo lombambano lifutshane kakhulu nabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo.

Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo

Ngokuqinisekileyo ngamnye umsebenzisi uva ngezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo, apho iifayili yokutshintsha iifayile. Wonke umntu uvile nge μTorrent kunye neMule, Shareaza, KaZaA kunye nabanye, ezibhekiswe rhoqo malunga nokuhanjiswa kolwazi kwi-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, sizama ukuthetha ngabo ngokuhlelekile. Ngoko yintoni intanethi yontanga? Yintoni ukuchazwa kwenzululwazi yale ngcamango?

Inkcazo

Singaxelela ukuba emva kokudalwa kweekhompyutheni abantu badideka ngendlela abanokudibaniswa ngayo kwinkqubo enye. Kungekudala iteknoloji yamanethiwekhi asekuhlaleni yaqulunqwa, isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa namhlanje. Kodwa le ndlela yokudibanisa iikhompyutheni ibe "yendalo" inokungaphumeleli kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, kumaxesha amaninzi, oomatshini ngabanye baye baphakamisa amalungelo, awalisoloko avumelekile.

Kwakukuphelisa "ulwaphulo-mthetho" olunxulumene nenethwekhi yontanga, inye nganye ikhomputha apho ayikwazi ukufumana kuphela kodwa iphinde idlulise ulwazi, isebenze ngexesha elifanayo njengomncedisi kunye nomthengi. Isicatshulwa seP2P (oontanga-oontanga) siqhelekileyo, esinokuguqulelwa kwisiNgesi ngokuthi "ukusuka kulinganayo." Unxibelelwano olunjalo lubizwa ngokuba ngumasipala.

Imigaqo engundoqo yomsebenzi

Umntu ngamnye uthatha umthendeleko. Baphinde badibanise kwinkqubo yehlabathi, apho ukudluliselwa kolwazi. Ukususela kumzekelo omiselweyo, apho kukho umncedisi kunye nomxhasi, amanethiwekhi athathanayo kunye neefayili zontanga ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokunyuka kwabo kwanda: kungakhathaliseki ukuba inani labasebenzisana nabo, bahlala besebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ukongezelela, akukho ukuxhomekeka ngokucacileyo kwi- bandwidth yeseva.

Masinike umzekelo "wokubonwa" wokudluliselwa kwefayili encinci kwintanethi. Idatha idluliselwa kwiinqununu ezincinci, ezibizwa ngokuba zizipakethe. Ifayile nganye iyahlula kwiipakethi ezininzi, ezikhutshwe ngumshini womsebenzisi. Umyalelo wokuwafumana awunanto ebalulekileyo.

Ulwahlulo oluvela kumnatha oqhelekileyo

Kwimeko yomnatha womnatha, kukho umncedisi, kodwa kukho ifayile engayilanda esuka khona. Isantya sokubuyiswa kwedata siya kuhambelana ngqo kunye nomgca womgca womncedisi kunye nomthwalo walo msebenzi ngasiphi na umzuzu. Ukubeka nje, ebusweni benani elikhulu labasebenzisi, elowo "ludonsa" kwiseva, izinga lokubuyisela lingahlala lihla.

Ukuba kukho into eyenzeka kumncedisi, zonke iinkcukacha ziya kufumaneka ngokukhawuleza kuwe. Kwaye kufuneka ufune enye imithombo, apho ungayilanda khona le ngcaciso.

Inzuzo yohlobo lokutshintshwa kwedatha

Apho oontanga owenzela inethiwekhi isebenza. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Okokuqala, akudingeki ukhangele iseva ethile apho ifayile efunekayo ithunyelwa khona. Kunele ukufumana ifayile okanye i-magnet-link kwisiza esikhethekileyo, esibonisa ukuba khona kwayo. Unokuyilanda ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo, enye ekhankanywe ngasentla. Kwaye umahluko ophezulu kukuba ukukhuphela kuhamba ngokukodwa ngamakhulu kunye namawaka emithombo efanayo.

Siye saqaphela ukuba kula manxibelelwano nganye ikhompyutheni ngayinye ingenza umsebenzi we-server ngexesha elilodwa, kwaye ngoko ke inxalenye nganye iyonke. Ukubeka nje, ukuba ezinye iidlo ngokuzenzekelayo zifikeleleke, iikhomputha zabanye abantu banokukunceda rhoqo, kwiidiski ezinzima apho kuya kuba yinto efunekayo.

Ezinye izinto ezithintekayo zendlela yoontanga

Siye sagxininisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba indawo ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwezi nxu lumano lwedatha. Okumangalisayo kukuba, inethwekhi yoontanga echazwe ngasentla ayikho ehlabathini. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Inyaniso kukuba imodeli yeklastiki ayinayo inzuzo eninzi kuphela, kodwa nayo iyingxaki ebalulekileyo.

Isimo esineyona nkxalabo kuyimfuneko yokukhangela inethiwekhi yabalingane abanayo ifayile efanayo kunye nesexenwe ngexesha elifanayo. Yingakho i-model hybrid yenziwe. Unamanye amaseva, kodwa ayiphenduli ngokudlulisa idatha, kodwa ukukhangela abasebenzisi abasebenzayo abanolwazi oluyidingayo. Phantse wonke amanethiwekhi amanxibelelwano amanyathelo athatywayo namhlanje ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwalo mzekelo we-hybrid.

Ukuba ube nxaxheba ngokugcwele kunye nxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kule nkqubo, kuya kufuneka ufake inkqubo ekhethekileyo yomxhasi kwikhompyuter yakho eya kuba noxanduva lokufumana oontanga bafumanekileyo ngeenkcukacha eziyimfuneko. Qaphela ukuba akukho ntanethi yontanga. Oku kuthetha ntoni?

Inethiwekhi enkulu kunazo zonke kwaye ithandwa kakhulu kwi-fayile yokwabelana

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kwi-Intanethi kunamakhulu kunye namawaka amanxibelelwano amancinane, amanxibelelwano asekuhlaleni, amaninzi awo axhaswa kwanabaxhasi bendawo. Umzekelo obalaseleyo ngumhlobo we-MTS kwintanethi yontanga. Ngokuqinisekileyo, bonke basebenzise imodeli yomsebenzi we-classic okanye ye-hybrid, bakuthobela imigaqo efanayo, kodwa bangasebenzisa iinkqubo ezigqithisileyo zokudlulisa idatha, kwaye akufanelekile ukuthetha malunga nesofthiwe esithile.

Eyona nkulu, eyaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, yiyo amanxibelelanisi elandelayo: P2P:

• ED2K. Ukudluliselwa kwedatha kwenziwa nge-protocol MFTP. Umxhasi yiprogram eyaziwayo e-eMule. Kususela ngo-2005, le projekthi isesigxina "sokufa okungapheliyo", kodwa ngoku ukuthungelwano kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza, nangona ukuba isantya sokudluliselwa kwedatha asikhawulezi.

• BitTorrent. Mhlawumbi inxalenye ethandwayo yenkqubo yoontanga, enobuninzi bebasebenzisi kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Unombolo enkulu yabathengi, kuquka "i-epic" uTorrent, i-BitComet, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

• Qha ga mshelana. Inketho ekhethekileyo xa i-hubs, eyenziwa ngamaqela athile abantu, isetyenziswe ngqongquthela (umlinganiselo) olinganiselweyo (umlinganiselo) wabasebenzisi. Lo mzekelo uthandwa kakhulu njengomboneleli womnatha wendawo. Umthengi ophezulu nguCc ++.

• Gnutella. Le yinkqubo yokwenene yokwenyuka. Iprotocol yokudluliselwa kwedatha ekhethekileyo yayisetyenzisiweyo, eyadalwa nguNullsoft, unonophelo owaziwayo (ngaphandle kokufa) "Winampa". Yintoni abaxhasi beeontanethi zontanga ezisetyenzisiweyo kulo mzekelo? Inkqubo Shareaza, uLimeWire kunye nabanye bayaziwa.

• FastTrack. Kwakhona kubonisa imodeli "ecocekileyo" ye-P2P, kodwa kuphela ezo khompyutha ezineenkcukacha ezipheleleyo zinokuthatha inxaxheba kwifayile yokwabelana. Iinkqubo - KaZaA, mlDonkey.

Ziziphi iingenelo eziphambili zazo zonke ezi nkonzo? Kuyinto elula - akukho ukuseta komnatha-ntanga-ntanga kuyimfuneko. Faka inkqubo, iya kwi "link" kunye ne ... voila, ifayile yaqala ukuguquka!

Imigaqo Eyisiseko yeFayile yokwabelana

Ukunikezelwa ngokubaluleka kokusebenza kwezi nxu lumano, akumele umangaliswe ukuba kukho imigaqo eqinile, enqwenelekayo ukuthobela. Zininzi zazo zilula kwaye zinengqiqo. Ukuba akunjalo, usongelwa ngokugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokutshintshiselana, okubandakanya ukungakwazi ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko.

Sithe sathetha ngaphezu kwesinye ukuba isiseko salo mzekelo ngumgaqo wokulingana kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. Kule ndlela kulandela ukuba awufuneki ukukhuphela kuphela, kodwa ukunika ulwazi. Ngokomgaqo, oku kukuphela kwimeko efunekayo. Awuthandi? Ewe, ngoko-ke enkonzweni yakho-iinkonzo ezininzi zokunxibelelana ngolwazi, ezakhiwe kwi-architectural standard client-architecture.

Leyo ayikho enye inkqubo yoonxibelelwano lwabaontanga (kunye nawo onke amanzuzo) ayisebenzi kuwo, kwaye unokuqala ukukhuphela iifayile kuphela emva kokuhlawula okanye ukujonga inani elikhulu lokukhangisa, kwaye isantya siya kuthoba.

Yintoni endiyenzayo xa nditshintsha?

Kuyinto enqweneleka kakhulu, emva kokukhuphela ifayile, ukusabalalisa inani elilinganayo lwazi kulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba umsebenzisi ulande kuphela kodwa engasabalalisi nantoni na, inkqubo ingahlawulwa ukuba ingabandakanyi ngokupheleleyo ukufumana iifayile ezintsha. Unokusebenzisa nokukhusela i-IP okanye iMAC. Ngokukodwa, lo ngumnatha wezonxibelelwano zontanga.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, sinokucebisa ukuba usebenzise oku kulandelayo, imithetho ecacileyo nengqiqo:

• Musa ukususa ifayile kuphela ngokuyilayisha. Ukuba kukho elo thuba, ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka, ligcine kwi-hard drive yakho.

• Awukwazi ukuhambisa okanye ukubiza kwakhona iifayile ezifunyenweyo, kuba kulo mzekelo abanye abasebenzisi abanako ukufikelela kuzo.

• Musa ukuthobela ngokukhawuleza isantya sesiteshi esivelayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, olu tshintshelo luthwala i-hard drive yakho kunye nenkqubo ngokwayo, kodwa akufanele ubenqamle iimfuno zabanye abantu.

• Akuyi kubuhlungu ukugcina iifayile eziliqela okanye ezithandwayo kwiikhomputha yakho ukuxhasa inkqubo.

Abanikazi bamalungelo: asikucebisi ukuba usasaze isofthiwe yepirate okanye into enjalo. Unokuhlala ubingelela kuphela xa umsebenzisi ethatha inxaxheba kwi-Linux distribution of distributions efanayo, njengoko le nto ikhupha kakhulu iiseva zeenkampani ezihlala zihlala kumnikelo omnye kunye nokusebenza kuphela kwi-voluntary basis!

Ngokukhusela i-copyright

Siye saqaphela ukuba kwiminyaka yamuva iinqununu zontanga zontanga ziye zadibaniswa kuphela kunye neproiracy. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo esi simo sengqondo sichanekile, kuba abasebenzisi bayalanda ngokukhululekileyo kungekhona ... Kukho kuphela kwiimeko ezininzi ezinomxholo ophambeneyo owaneleyo kwaye akhululeki. Khumbula njalo oku!