Inkqubo Civil: ingqiqo, iintlobo, zigaba. Inqanaba yenkqubo yoluntu kunye neempawu zazo

relations onke amaxesha eqondene eyaneleyo. Ngapha koko, ukuba kuvela ngqo phakathi abantu ubomi babo obuqhelekileyo. Kodwa umdla Undoqo kukuba ulwalamano ngokwawo, kunye indlela yommiselo zabo, oluqhutywa yi ngumthetho. Njengoko Solungiselela umnikelo wokudla, isebe ngokusemthethweni kwinkulungwane xxi kuphuhliswa enamandla kakhulu. Namhlanje eRashiya kukho amasebe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo umthetho elawula amaqela eqhelekileyo yonxulumano. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iinkalo zomgaqo-nkqubo yahlulwe substantive and procedural. Amashishini indlela yesibini ezinxulumene ne nokunxibelelanisa nemisebenzi yabantu, ezijolise ekujonganeni iingxabano ezithile. Yiloo nto ke umda kumalungelo zenkqubo - inkqubo kwamashishini ezinxulumene kwiingxoxo. Kulo mzekelo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba zikho ngayo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wabo kulawulwa amasebe eziliqela zomthetho. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba inkqubo anele yoluntu. Concept, iintlobo, amanqanaba lo msebenzi echazwe kumthetho yangoku Russian, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha zonke iinkalo isenzeko ngokusemthethweni.

Ingcamango jikelele kuhlobo leenkqubo

Imisebenzi yee-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho welizwe lethu, kwiimeko ezininzi esekelwe kwimigaqo ngokubanzi, ezo zikokosiweyo kumGaqo izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, iimpawu kudidi inkqubo yoluntu kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni eyenza umbono okumGangatho yale meko. Ngengqiqo emxinwa yeengxoxo - ke umsebenzi kweenkundla. Nangona kunjalo, imithetho ekhoyo elawula umsebenzi imizimba enjalo, uthi thaca kwi sihloko udidi kusekwa umyalelo inkqubo yolawulo, siseko, kulwaphulo-mthetho, Kakade ke, umlinganiswa umphakathi. Ngoko ke, lo ingqiqo lugubungela ngokupheleleyo lonke uluhlu izenzo njengenxalenye yenkqubo sihlandlo. Kwimeko yethu, indima ephambili kuqala inkqubo yoluntu.

inkqubo civil

Njengoko sisazi, tsvilisticheskaya yesebe umthetho engena kwiindawo ezininzi ezikhoyo zobomi bomntu. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iimbambano ezivela phakathi koshishino, zifuna iinkqubo ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yoluntu, ingqiqo, iintlobo, amanqanaba ezo thaca kweli nqaku, lilawulwa umsebenzi wenkundla, abantu abathatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo, kwakunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba ukuze bacombulule iingxaki kunye neemeko abahlukileyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-Russian Federation, kukho imisebenzi ethile ye ingqalelo kwamatyala kubunjani boluntu yeengxoxo. Ngokutsho ngokwemimiselo yomthetho kumacandelo yaqalisa msebenzi bobabo amagunya enkundla wolawulo ngokubanzi. Ukongeza, imimiselo kwakhona wabeka indawo yokuqala imveliso.

Principles of kwamatyala embambano

Zibalulekile onke amasebe umthetho nemimiselo yemisebenzi yomthetho Imibono. kwisimangalo Civil indawo ethile egqiba ubukho nemigaqo zakhe ezisisiseko. Namhlanje walibona zihlandlo eziphambili nezibonelelo:

• ulawulo lweenkundla kulawulo lobulungisa;
• indibanisela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatyala;
• ukuzimela kweejaji, ngaphandle kokukhetha;
• imisebenzi semthethweni emphakathini;
• yokulingana bonke abantu phambi kwentendelezo;
• inkqubo njengotshaba, optionality, kunye nemfuneko ukufumana inyaniso leenkundla;
• Inkqubo Inkqubo amaqela alinganayo;
• amathuba usebenzisa lo mfanekiso komthetho, umthetho njalo njalo. n.

Le migaqo ke liqulathwe imimiselo ye-Civil Procedure Code. Ngaphezu koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele ubukho nokucingela sele ziphuhlisiwe ngokwembali kuphuhliso kwesayensi tsivilisticheskoy eqhelekileyo. Ukuze loo migaqo iquka ilungelo iqela ngalinye ukuba baveze izimvo zabo, imfuneko ukulungisa izibakala ezithile la maxwebhu, ubuchule engathethekiyo wenkundla ekusebenziseni umthetho, njalo-njalo. N.

Ingcamango leenkqubo civil yenkundla

Namhlanje, uluntu lwezenzululwazi liphuhlise inani elikhulu kwezi zihloko tsivilisticheskoy inkqubo. Omnye wabo inqanaba ukumangalelana yoluntu. Kulo mzekelo, akukho ndlela olunye lwazi kuqwalaselwa kolu didi. izigaba zophuhliso lwezenzululwazi nayo nzima kukunqongophala otolikayo olumisiweyo le mbono. Ngoko ke, zonke iimpawu ezikhoyo okwangoku manqanaba ezi iimfundiso. Ngenxa yoko, step inkqubo yoluntu - into eyahlukileyo inkqubo, luphawulwa iinjongo zalo, iinjongo kunye isenzo esithile yenkqubo.

Amagama umahluko

Kwinzululwazi mihla, iintlobo ekwanti nezigaba inkqubo yoluntu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu ukuchonga la magama, oko luphawu engalunganga. Njengoko kubonisiwe ngaphambili, eli nqanaba libizwa ngokuba namaqela ayehlelelekile amanyathelo enkqubo yokwenza ukuphumeza iinjongo ezithile. Njengoko ngokuba iintlobo inkqubo, bamele ubuchule ezahlukeneyo izenzo iimbambano indlela ethile. inkqubo Uhlobo ibanzi kwaye kubandakanya jikelele amanyathelo aliqela. Namhlanje eRashiya kukho iindidi ezimbini kuphela eziphambili inkqubo yoluntu. Phezu kwabo kuya kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

Eyona engundoqo izigaba kwamatyala embambano

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazi ziye zikumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yenkundla. Nakuba kunjalo, kukho ezinye inkqubo classic izigaba ezalanayo zemveliso, apho kungenxa imimiselo yomthetho civil yangoku. Ngoko ke, kukho amanyathelo nkqubo ilandelayo:

• ukuqaliswa isimangalo kwinkundla yomthetho;
• kulungiselelwa;
• komlandu;
• imveliso kwi sibheno;
• imveliso kwinkundla Ephakamileyo;
• imveliso ye umzekelo okugada;
• kuphononongwe ngokupheleleyo ityala ngokunxulumene neemeko novovyyavlennymi;
• ukubulawa umgwebo.

Kulo mzekelo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ayizizo zonke izigaba inkqubo yoluntu kufuneka. Ngapha koko, abanye babo nje musani zenzeke ngokunxulumene awohluke kwamatyala ngamnye. Ngoko ke, ukuba uhlalutyo olubanzi yonke indlela iinkqubo yoluntu kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele nyathelo ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo.

Isigaba wokulungiselela

Izigaba zokuqala ezimbini Civil yeNkqubo Russian Federation libhekisela ibakala yokulungiselela ityala ukuba uqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza. Baqala kwinto yokuba yokuphatha umntu othile enkundleni, ngokunxulumene enye okanye enye ubudlelwane osemthethweni kufuneka zikhuselwe ukuba ayeke, bayavuma, njalo njalo. N. Olu yokuqalisa inkqubo kunye kulungiselelwa amabakala abohlukeneyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ijaji egqiba ubukho nje iziseko abafanelekileyo ukuze uqalise inkqubo, ngokubanzi. Ngexesha imveliso wokulungiselela kukho itywinwe; bathabathe amangqina efanelekileyo, ukuthathwa ubungqina, ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo ye wesithathu, njalo njalo. D. Inikelwa nqanaba ibaluleke engundoqo ukuqwalaselwa ngakumbi ityala enkundleni. Umgangatho Ukuphunyezwa yabo iya kuxhomekeka kwisiphumo yonke inkqubo.

Na inqanaba lenkqubo ekuqaleni

cala njengoko eqongeni ukumangalelana yoluntu, linqanam ephambili yeengxoxo. Kule meko sithetha ngayo ingongoma ephambili kwinkqubo kwimeko yokuqala. Inkqubo eya phambili enkundleni. Ngexesha sokwenza, inkcazelo kanye kwisigxina ngokusemthethweni onke amaqela, kwakunye azivavanywa ngqo ubungqina kweli tyala. Kubaluleke kakhulu kule meko kuba izifundo mpikiswano kwetyala. Bayibonisa iingxoxo zabo ukuxhasa isikhundla sakhe. Zonke iinkalo algorithm kunye nokuva thaca kwi-Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.

Siphela kunye nokubekwa eziphawulekayo ngokusemthethweni izigqibo inkqubo, nto leyo inokuba sisiphumo sokugqibela zonke iinkqubo yoluntu. Amanyathelo alandelayo kungaqala kuphela xa ukuthanda ngamaqela.

Zokubhena Ephakamileyo yokwenza civil

Inqanaba yenkqubo yoluntu kunye neempawu zazo uchazwe apha ngasentla zibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke le nkqubo. Zonke ezinye amanyathelo ukongeza ekwenziweni izigwebo, ingabizwa ezisebenzisanayo. Umzekelo, ubungangamsha isibheno kunye Ephakamileyo. La manyathelo zimele ngokutsha sezibhaliwe kwimeko, apho ukusetyenziswa kwixesha elithile emva kokuba kufike isigqibo senkundla saba sisinyanzeliso. Ngexesha inkqubo yesibheno ityala olufundwa kwakhona. Inkundla ye Umzekelo yesibini shiya isigqibo singaguqukanga okanye uphawule ngayo ngokukhupha wayo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, naliphi iqela unelungelo lokuba tyala usahamba isibheno.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, nto kufuneka isibheno kwinkundla lezibheno okanye Ephakamileyo. Amaqela unalo ilungelo lokubuyekeza, kodwa hayi xexo. Yonke into kulo mzekelo iya kuxhomekeka neenjongo omntu kunye nezibonelelo zakhe eziphathekayo. Ngokumalunga imveliso wenkundla umzekelo abaziisuphavayiza ngokunxulumene neemeko novovyyavlennymi, ezi zigaba nazo ezisebenzisanayo. Kwenzeka kuphela xa kukho izibakala ezithile zomthetho kunye nokuzimisela zamaqela yokuphumeza ilungelo siqalise ukusebenza yeqonga.

Ukunyanzeliswa izigwebo

Xa isigqibo igunya elithile xa uqalisa ukusebenza, yaye akukho bani ofuna isibheno, ngoko iqala linqanaba lokugqibela lenkqubo. Ibizwa imveliso elilawulayo. Kweli nqanaba, iqela lamanyathelo yenkqubo. Bafezekise iqumrhu okhethekileyo karhulumente. ERashiya, ezifana i Federal Bailiffs Service. Isiseko zenkqubo besanda an lokubulawa. Ukunyanzeliswa mhlali umgwebo - kuba sisiphumo ubhalo yeengxoxo yoluntu.

iintlobo yenqubo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zoluntu, nto leyo ezidibanisa amabakala ahlukeneyo. Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation wathi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili kwiinkqubo: ibango kunye ezizodwa. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi ndidi imbambano malunga nomthetho. Inkqubo Inkqubo yebango, wagqiba, njengokuba kamva wenza isigqibo. A uhlobo olulodwa yenkqubo lwenziwa kuphela ngenjongo yokuba amalungelo athile oluntu. Oko kugqalwa Enyanisweni ngokusemthethweni, nto leyo singabandakanyi imbambano malunga nomthetho. Kwiintlobo zombini zikhona sigaba twatse kwiinkqubo embambano. Table lokuthelekisa lomlinganiswa kukuvumela ukuba ubone ezinye uhlobo yesazisi ibango inkqubo ekhethekileyo.

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba amanqanaba inkqubo aseburhulumenteni into ebalulekileyo nkqubo, ukuphunyezwa apho lidlala indima esemthethweni eyahlukileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, udidi umelo uzinzile ngokwaneleyo. It alinayo nayiphi na iingxabano ezithile. Ngoko ke ithemba lokuba zigaba elizayo kunye inkqubo yembambano ngokubanzi iya kuhlaziywa kuphela ngcono.