Injini yosesho yaseTshayina Baidu.com - i-Google mpikiswano?

Injini yokukhangela yaseBhayina i-Baidu iye yakhupha ngokuqinisekileyo abakhuphiswano bayo. Namhlanje, iqela kuqala e-China, e-8 eNyakatho Korea, e-10 e Hong Kong, e-15 eJapan, e-27 eTaiwan nakuma-82 eMelika. Injini yokukhangela yeBhaidu inokuthandwa okufanayo eChina njengeGoogle eYurophu.

Umqhubi weGoogle waseChina

I-Baidu ithathwa njengenye yeenkampani ezinkulu ze-intanethi kwihlabathi. Lusekwe ngoJanuwari 2000 ngabafundi baseYeric Sue noRobin Lee, abaphumelele eMelika. Bakwazi ukutsala malunga needola ezili-12 zezibonelelo zotyalo-mali. Injongo yabo kukudala inkampani ye-Intanethi yasekhaya ekwazi ukuncintisana nama-American "monsters", njengeGoogle, Yahoo kunye neBing.

Igama liguqulela ngokuqinisekileyo "amawaka aphindwe ngamaxesha", "amawaka amawaka" okanye "amaxesha amaninzi". Kuthatyathwa kwimigca yokugqibela yenkondlo ethi "I-Green Jade Table" kwiHlain Festival "nguHsin Tsinzi. Ithi: "Ndikhange ngamakhulu amaxesha kwisihlwele, ngokukhawuleza ujika, yena, ulapho, ekukhanyeni kwekhandlela elivuthayo."

Umbongo uxelela malunga nendoda ekhangele iphupha lakhe. Ngokutsho kwabathuthukisi, injini yokukhangela yaseBhayina iBhaidu ifanekisela ukucinga rhoqo. Ngaloo nto, igama le-injini yokukhangela ngamanye amaxesha liguqulelwe ngokuthi "khangela uphupha."

Golden Shield

Ngokungaqhelekanga, le projekthi ibizwa ngokuba yi "Great Chinese Firewall" (umdlalo wamagama, ngentsingiselo njenge-Great Wall yaseChina kunye ne-firewall yenethiwekhi). Eli yinqaba ebonakalayo, echaphazelekayo kwi-filtration ye-intanethi yeTshayina. Ukuphuhliswa kweprojekthi kwaphela iminyaka emi-5. Kwaye ekupheleni kuka-2003, i-Golden Shield yaqala umsebenzi wayo.

Kwakhona, ngaphezu kwe "khusela", i-China isebenzisa ubugcisa be-DNS-ukuvimba. Kukho "uluhlu olumnyama" lweewebhusayithi, ukufikelela apho kuvaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuhlunga kwamaphepha ewebhu kubakho ngamagama angundoqo angabonanga ngqo okanye ahambelana ngqo nekhuseleko likarhulumente.

I-Baidu yaseShayina, uSogou noSoso yizona zixhobo eziphambili ze-search engaphandle ekhaya kuphela, kodwa naseYurophu. Into engenakutsholwa ngeGoogle, iBing kunye ne-Yahoo, ezilahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza izikhundla zabo eziphambili kwi-PRC.

Impumelelo

Ziyaziwa njani i-baidu.com? Yonke imihla ihanjiswe ngabasebenzisi abangaba ngu-50 abayi-Intanethi. Kufakwe kwii-intanethi ezili-10 ezona zixhaphakileyo kwaye zinenzuzo, okwesibini kuphela kwii-giant ezifana ne-Google, i-Facebook, i-YouTube, i-Yahoo kunye ne-Wikipedia.

Phakathi nango-2006, iinjongo eziphambili ze-China ziqalise iphrojekthi "Baidupediya" okanye "Baidu Bayke". Kwiiveki zokuqala ezi-3, wayedlulela i-Wikipedia yaseTshayina waza waba yinkokheli kweli lizwe. I-Encyclopedia Baidu ixhomekeke kuhlalutyo olupheleleyo, njengenjini yokukhangela ngokwayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-2017, iqulethe malunga namanqaku ayizigidi ezi-14. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho ulwazi oluthe xaxa ku-Baidupedia kunesiRashiya, isiNgesi, isiTshayina nesiJalimane i-Wikipedia ifakwe ndawonye.

Ngokwezikhundla zehlabathi (i-Alexa Traffic Rank), baidu.com ithatha isikhundla sesine kwihlabathi. Isalathisi sesayithi iqulethe iifayile ezingaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-90, iifayili zeebhiliyoni ezili-800 kunye nezigidi ezi-12 ezifayili zomxholo weendaba.

Ngo-2013 u-Baidu kunye nenkampani yaseJamani i-Avira yakhulula inkqubo ye-anti-virus ye-Baidu Antivirus.

UMongameli wekampani uZhang Yatsin ngo-2016 wamemezela isicwangciso sakhe sobuqili. Emva kweminyaka emi-5, uzimisele ukuqala ukuveliswa kwemimandla yemoto (ukuzilawula).

Abakhuphiswano

KuBukumkani boMbindi, iBaidu ayikho into ekukhokelayo. Ngokweengcali, isetyenziswe ngu-65% ukuya kwi-85% yabemi baseChina. Kodwa nangona kunjalo ukuthandwa, le "giant" ikhuphisana: So.com, Sogou.com kunye neSoso.com. Ezi njini ze-Intanethi zophando ze-intanethi zilwa nabathengi kwaye ziphupha ukuphululela kwiinqununu.

Injini yokukhangela ye-So.com ibonwe iminyaka engama-12 emva kweBhaidu, kwaye ngoku ikhona i-17% yemarike. Iphethwe yiQihoo 360, isofthiwe yabo igxininise kubanikazi be "pirated" okanye iikopi ezingekho mthethweni zeWindows eChina. Iiprogram ezingama-360 zigqithise ukuqinisekiswa kwaye zivumele ukuba ufake ii-updates ze-OS.

I-Qihoo isebenzisana neNokia kunye ne-Google kwindawo yokukhangela imfono kunye nezicwangciso zokungena kwiimarike zaseYurophu. Kungekudala, inkampani ithenge amashishini omncintiswano wayo uSogou, ngokubhekiselele kuyo isikhundla sayo kwimarike inokukhula ngo-10%.

Injini yokukhangela yaseShayina i-Soso.com ingowona mthengisi omkhulu kwi-Intanethi. Inkampani ngumdali weeprojekthi ezinempumelelo njenge-WeChat izithunywa kunye neQQ, i-Owner ye-Riot Games. Kwi-search yefowuni isisigxina sesibini (15% yemarike).

Iinjongo zophando zangaphandle eChina

Inkqubo yeBing.com, nangona inkxaso yeMicrosoft, ayiyithandwa kwiBukumkani boBukumkani. Isetyenziswe ngokungabi ngaphezu kwe-1% yabemi belizwe kwaye kuphela ukufumana ulwazi ngezibonelelo ezikhuluma isiNgesi.

Ngenxa yokuchithwa kweenjini zokukhangela, iGoogle.com yenqaba ukusebenza eChina. Ngo-2010, inkampani yavala ukumela kwayo kwilizwe kwaye yafudukela eHong Kong. Isabelo seGoogle kwimakethe yaseTshayina sehlile kakhulu kwaye ngelixa li-3%.

Ndiyabulela kukunyamekela kweGoogle, injini yokukhangela yaseBhayina i-Baidu iye yaqinisa isikhundla sayo kwimarike yasekhaya. Kwaye ngokuvulwa kwenguqu yaseJapane kwaba yinto yesibini yokukhangela kwihlabathi.