Indlela ukufumana umthamo njengesilinda?

Igama elithi "cylinder" uza kuthi evela Greek - «κύλινδρος» - in Russian lithetha "kuluhlu" okanye "iZiko loFikelelo olwenziwe Lula salo", kodwa iintsingiselo ezintathu ezinxulumene ne la magama mabini.

Okokuqala - umzimba zejometri oluthi luqokelelane yi ujikeleziso malunga elinye macala ze uxande. Indlela yesibini esetyenziselwa ukumisela iindawo okanye izixhobo, umzekelo, "Le piston" okanye "cylinder." iminqwazi Okwamadoda ukuba imilo ahambelanayo - Wesithathu.

Umbuzo othi "ukujonga indlela umthamo lombhobho?" Uqonda ukuba amaxabiso zokuqala ezimbini ngesisombululo iingxaki yemigca. Kuyinto afanelekileyo emfundo, lwenzululwazi okanye lobugcisa (uyilo, ukufakela, ukwakha, ukulungisa, njl) inkqubo, kwakunye kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kuba icala lesithathu kufanelekile ukuthetha kumgama owazisayo dimensions ngesigqubuthelo, leyo ukumisela indlela yayo kunye nobukhulu.

Impendulo yalo mbuzo: "yokufumana indlela umthamo itankana" iya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo umzimba yemigca. Iziqulathi angled okanye tye, kwakunye setyhula, okweqanda, sine, ezizekelisayo.

Amaninzi eli gama ukuqonda umzimba ekunene setyhula. It angamelwa njengendawo apho ngumda ezimbini ezinxuseneyo belingana ubukhulu kunye nokumila nje iinqwelo-moya isangqa kunye umphezulu ecaleni ngokohlobo uxande (zenzeka), amacala amabini malunga kuzo ungqamane umgca, isangqa echaza ezi iindawo ngaxeshanye. Umphezulu Uhlangothi aa Incopho na kubo. Zonke iingxoxo ezilandelayo kweli nqaku liza kuba ezinxulumene ngqo itankana setyhula ilungelo, njengoko inkcazo yalo naluphi na uhlobo inokuba kwisihloko esahlukileyo.

Ukuqonda ukuba ukubala njani umthamo itankana, oko kuya kunceda intsingiselo yala magama 'umqulu ". Oku kusetyenziswa njengenyathelo oluninzi isithuba ukuba uthatha into okanye emzimbeni. Kuye nolwalamano olusondeleyo ingcamango "amandla", oko kukuthi, kunye namandla, nokuzimisela zobukhulu yomgama kunye nemilo, ukulungiselela inqanawa okanye isikhongozeli isixa esithile ethile. Umthamo lombhobho icala eyodwa ingqiqo ka "umthamo wawo umzimba." Kusenokuba ngohlobo sphere, cube, nayiphi na imilo emacala, cone njalo njalo.

Umthamo lombhobho isebenza amatanki kaloliwe, leyo kuthuthwa m3 38 (35 okulahlwayo) kwezinto imichiza ezifana styrene, okanye 73 m3 (55 iitoni) zepetroli Super Euro-98. Kuba iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kuyilo ebalulekileyo parameter ngumthamo yokusebenza. Inika amandla ayo kunye nezinye iimpawu; ngokuba ityala amancinci ukuya ku 1.1 iilitha, ngokuba krupnolitrazhnyh - ngaphezu kweelitha 3.5.

Ngoko emva bonke, ukuze sifumane indlela umthamo lombhobho? Eli nani, kwakunye nawuphi na umzimba, ngokutsho ndawo ngokuthi phinda ukuphakama kwayo, ukuba ubukhulu kunye nokumila yayo cross-icandelo kuyo nayiphi na indawo ecaleni ukuphakama efanayo.

Umzekelo, ukuba umzimba ukwenza cone okanye sphere loo ndlela ayikho ezifanelekileyo. Ifomula Ukubala umthamo we itankana setyhula ilungelo lungabonakaliswa njengoko imveliso π inani (rhoqo yezibalo elingana 3.14) kwaye isikweri radius (r lilingana isiqingatha ubukhulu) lwe disk elele kwi kwisiseko lombhobho ukuphakama cylinder (h): V = π • R2 • h.

ubukhulu ezifana embindini kunye ukuphakama kufuneka luboniswe phakathi iiyunithi (ukuba ukuphakama ngeemitha, ngoko ke uluhlu ukuphila kumelwe okuvakaliswa meters): mm, cm, DM, m, km. Emva koko, ivolyum mm3 cm3 efunyenweyo, dm3 (l), m 3 km3, ngokulandelelana. Imizekelo zanikwa kwaye iyunithi nezakhi engundoqo emalunga nenkqubo SI.

Zisetyenziswa kodwa kwiiyunithi kakhulu ngaphantsi, kunye nabanye abasebenzi abanga-SI yokulinganisa, ezifana lathi mayiyo kundithengela, nelitha, neelitha, umphanda kunye nezinye. Umceli mngeni: ukufumana indlela umthamo kubude cylinder ka m 5 kunye embindini ka-2 m? Impendulo: V = 3.14 • 2 • 2 • 5 = 62.8 m3.

Ukusuka kule mizekelo kuyacaca ukuba iinjongo laliqulunqwe ngokohlobo umbuzo, "ukuze ufumane indlela umthamo lombhobho?" Ngaba kubaluleke kakhulu pfunaka. Isigqibo ukuba nazo xa besenza umsebenzi wabo kunye iinjineli ze amakhono awahlukeneyo. abavelisi oyile Gasmen uze ubale inani le gesi ngomtshini, i-oyile okanye ezinye zepetroliyam iimveliso ngemibhobho. Xa lo mqulu lombhobho imiselwa, ukuphakama kwayo elingana nobude kombhobho enobubanzi zangaphakathi eyaziwa.

Kwakulungiswa imveliso petrochemical yobungakanani ibalwe (gesi okanye engamanzi) otsho itanki isimo zezindlu, esazi imilinganiselo zejiyometri sefowuni capacitive kunye ukuphakama ulwelo wathulula kuyo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo nayiphi na imveliso (imveliso ukutya okanye wokucokisa petrochemical) apho igcwele zibe imiphanda, iibhotile zeglasi okanye ezinye izikhongozeli ngokwemilo zezindlu.

Nawuphi na umnini oye ukupheka, Ungabala ubungakanani imveliso abekwe okanye obuthelwe isitya zezindlu, ngokuba kwanele ukwazi ubukhulu kunye nobude kokuzaliswa kwisikhongozeli.