Imizila kuphuhliso lwemfundo eRashiya. Ukuthambekela ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yemfundo mihla ehlabathini. Imizila kuphuhliso lwemfundo ephakamileyo

Imfundo - ngumthombo qhinga yophuhliso lwentlalo-yezoqoqosho neyenkcubeko yoluntu, ukuqinisekisa nomdla wesizwe, ukuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokhuphiswano kukarhulumente kuzo zonke iinkalo umsebenzi kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Inkqubo Ukudityaniswa yeendawo enkcubeko kunye noqeqesho, yenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa kuqaliswe nemigangatho mihla kunye nemigangatho yemfundo, isayensi nethekhinoloji, ukunwenwa impumelelo zabo zenkcubeko yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe. A msebenzi ingakumbi ebalulekileyo ukuphunyezwa lwezenzululwazi, ezenkcubeko, ezemfundo kunye nezinye edityanelweyo iiprojekthi, ukubandakanyeka izazinzulu abaziingcali kwiinkqubo zophando.

Inkcazo kunye nokwenziwa kwemigangatho yemfundo yesizwe

Inkcazo kunye nokwenziwa kwemigangatho yemfundo yesizwe - ezi iintsingiselo eziphambili kuphuhliso lwemfundo eRashiya yanamhlanje. uqeqesho Uhlanganiso ibunzi kuwo onke amanqanaba, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi kusetyenziswa ukuyilwa umxholo kwimfundo esisiseko. imigangatho yemfundo yesizwe kuba lodibaniso iimfuno ezichazwe ngokucacileyo olawulo ikhontenti yekharityhulam. Umlinganiselo ootitshala ukuba kumgangatho ukuqeqesha antsonkothileyo. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kumanyano esekelwe imigangatho engqongqo yekeyeke bonke abantwana imodeli efanayo zenkcubeko ngokwasengqondweni ngaphandle ingqalelo elaneleyo iimeko zabo. Iya isanda, uyakwazi ukuva ingcamango yokuba lokubeka emgangathweni lwe-umxholo kwemfundo kufuneka akuthethi lokubeka emgangathweni lwe-umfundi ngamnye. Ngoko ke, ukuqeqesha kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukulungisa ubuncinane ulwazi nezakhono eziyimfuneko, ngexesha ilondoloza indawo ebanzi ikharityhulam variativnyh. Yile egqiba imfuneko yokumiselwa komgangatho wemfundo kunye nokuphuculwa ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokufundisa umohluko.

Apha naphaya kwikharityhulam kwimiqathango kunye neemfuno beenkcubeko multi-yobuhlanga anokuvela umfundi

iinkqubo ezintsha zoqeqesho ubeka iinjongo uxanduva: ukubonelela abantwana kunye nabantu beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye noluntu lobuhlanga nokwenziwa kulwimi ubuncinane ulwazi olusisiseko njengesiseko uhlanganiso lwentlalo eyakhayo. Yokusombulula le ngxaki kufuna umgudu omkhulu kwinqanaba oluntu - eziko, zemali, ezopolitiko, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, zemfundo ngqo. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje uphuhliso noqeqesho kwimigaqo ngeenkcubeko ezohlukileyo ime phandle ingakumbi kwicala kweenkqubo langoku, ingakumbi, okuqulathwe ulwazi olusisiseko.

Nenkathalo, intlonipho kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, ingxoxo yababini, ukufunda sakhane macala iintlanga ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqela ezizwe njengeprayorithi imigaqo yemfundo elinamasiko zonke izinto ezinkulu kuphuhliso lwamacandelo zesikolo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwikharityhulam yesikolo kwaqukwa ulwazi impucuko zangoku kunye nowayesakuba kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo neAfrika yehlabathi kunye namazwe ngamnye, ngokunjalo iikhosi nezifundo zonqulo. A intsingiselo ethile kuphuhliso kwenkqubo yemfundo unenxaxheba amaphulo zemfundo zengingqi nezesithili. Kwinkqubo lokufunda izihloko ezithile zemfundo (impahla, ukutya, ukuzonwabisa, ucoceko), abantwana bafunda ukuba baqonde kwaye uhloniphe ilungelo lokuba wonke ubani unelungelo otherness. Kubalulekile kwimeko yemfundo elinamasiko baye esikolweni izifundo izifundo zonqulo. Ukufundiswa iiseshoni zokufundisa zonqulo eyenzelwe ukuba baziqhelanise, abafundi kunye neenkolelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo zehlabathi, umsebenzi iTyalike Jikelele nokubakhuthaza kubantu abatsha imbonakalo lale, ababethelela iimpawu yokuziphatha, ukuqinisekisa unyamezelwano kunye neengcinga ezininzi kobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kokholo ezahlukeneyo.

Humanization kunye humanization isiqulatho imfundo esisiseko

Nobuntu kunye kusizwe ziimpawu utyekelo immanent zophuhliso yokufunda kwabantwana. Kwaye indima nokubaluleka kwezi amacandelo kwimfundo yesikolo unalo mkhwa ecacileyo phezulu. Imisebenzi zenzelwe ukuba ukusombulula isikolo mihla, kufuneka ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kungekuphela nje imiba humanistic kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo abantu ukuyilwa ukulungiswa ulwazi, kodwa ukujongana ekomelezeni yabo kunye nophuhliso. Ubonelelo nokubhala ngokupheleleyo, uthintelo yokungafundi esebenza, umsebenzi self-determination kunye ukuzanelisa, ngokwasentlaweni abantu abaselula - oku uluhlu olupheleleyo iingxaki humanistic ngokwenene kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo abantu, nto leyo kwenzeka mkhwa kuphuhliso isisombululo kwinkqubo yemfundo mihla.

Noko ke, iingxaki humanization kunye humanization kuhlala namhlanje lokubaluleka nangoko isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Qhubeka kukhuseleko yesikolo ubundlobongela, ngokuvunyelwa imigaqo ukunyamezelana kunye nentsebenziswano yenu malunga ulwalamano lemfundo. Xa inkqubo efundisa lezingluntu ekucetyiswa ukuba abawafundi nje kuphela imfazwe kunye neziganeko kwezopolitiko, kodwa kwakhona ukunika abafundi ngolwazi iifom ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemiba yomsebenzi yabantu - ubudlelwane zorhwebo, imisebenzi yezoqoqosho, inkolo, ubugcisa kunye like. Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ukuthambekela humanization kunye humanization zixhomekeke kuzo zonke iintlobo ulwazi olusisiseko, ngoku ke zendalo-technical kunye zemathematika. Ezi ntsingiselo zophuhliso lwemfundo zimiliselwa ukufundisa ngeendlela ezininzi. ukubaluleka naye ke inkalo yendalo iyunithi iimbalo ixabiso-lwesemantiki, nangona ikhona ngokulinganayo kunye nolwazi lwabantu. ubomi Human - oku inani eliphezulu.

Imizila Development Education in China

Usebenzisa amava kumazwe kwinkalo ephakamileyo zokufundisa imfundo e China ngokuqinisekileyo iziphumo ezincumisayo kumashumi eminyaka yakutshanje. E China, kukho kwiiyunivesithi ezininzi uhlele namaziko amazwe, ngoAprili 2006, aba baba 1100. Xa imi--70. zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. umkhondo-iqela yakhethwa. It has ethile: kwimboniselo enye-kabini, ulawulo osisigxina, silandela iingcamango Mao Zedong. E China iiyunivesithi zokufundisa, kwakunye abangezotitshala, izinto eziphambili ziquka: imfundo yeengcinga yokuziphatha, iziseko komthetho, imigaqo-bulumko abangabaxhasi bakaMarx, imigaqo abangabaxhasi bakaMarx inzululwazi kwezopolitiko, bangene imfundiso Mao Zedong, bangene imfundiso Dena Syaopina.

Ngokwembali, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. yachongwa iinkalo ezintandathu of China, apho eGibheyon izikolo, ootitshala ngololiwe: indawo Beijing, ummandla kwiPhondo North-Eastern, kwisithili Hubei, kwisithili Si chuan, Gun Dun kunye uJiang Su. China - ezweni elikhulu kunye amaphondo yimpumelelo gqitha zezo ngomda ulwandle. Xa olusentshona yelizwe (apho entlango) iimeko imanyumnyezi uphuhliso lwemfundo ephakamileyo. Asingabo bonke abafundi zeeyunivesithi zokufundisa ufuna ukuya kwiinxalenye ezikude lizwe, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ngoko ke, umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ukukhuthaza le ulutsha ngomoya ubuzwe nokuzinikela kwiingcamango zobuKomanisi. E China, njengoko kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, iiyunivesithi zobugcisa kubonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi kwaye inkxaso-mali ukwenzela uphuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa. iilebhu wadala ezizodwa, amaziko ophando, iqonga uhlolisiso nezinto ezinjalo. Ngokomzekelo, eBeijing Polytechnic University, ziqukwe kuluhlu yesicwangciso karhulumente i "Project 211", oko kukuthi swi kwinqanaba lehlabathi zophuhliso. Universities zokufundisa kule nkalo emva technical. izinto ezintle kuphuhliso lwemfundo mihla ngabona, kwaye Kungaphikiswa ukuba inkqubo yotshintsho yemfundo kootitshala China luya lusiba nochatha entsha.

Uphuhliso lwemfundo ephakamileyo Ukraine kwimeko Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu

Kumaxabiso indima nokubaluleka kobuchule noqeqesho kubonelelo inkqubela kwezentlalo. Imfundo - ngumthombo qhinga yophuhliso lwentlalo-yezoqoqosho neyenkcubeko yoluntu, izinto zesizwe, ukuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokhuphiswano kukarhulumente kuzo zonke iinkalo umsebenzi kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Imizila kuphuhliso lwemfundo mihla e Ukraine ukuba ukuchaza isicwangciso senkqubo Bologna. Ukuqaliswa imigaqo zayo uhlanganiso i Ukraine kaThixo yaseYurophu ngumba kunye neendlela nokuphucula abemi ukufikelela kwimfundo esemgangathweni, nto ifuna ukuba kubekho uhlengahlengiso enzulu isakhiwo kunye nomxholo wemfundo, ubugcisa zokufunda, inkxaso-mali kunye methodological.

Ukuguqula imfundo ngokokwakheka ngokuzimela, ku ri ni xilaveko lwentlalo namhlanje. Engena isithuba Bologna umphakathi Ukrainian ibeyinto ebalulekileyo yaye liyafuneka ngoba ngemfuneko ukusombulula ingxaki ingqalelo diploma Ukrainian phesheya, ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wemfundo kunye, ngenxa yoko, ukhuphiswano kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo Ukrainian abanezidanga zawo kwimarike yezemisebenzi yaseYurophu neyehlabathi. Ngelo xesha kukho ukungaqiniseki malunga elizayo kunye nemigaqo yobudlelwane phakathi Ukraine ne-European Union. Le yenye injongo nemiqobo ukuhlanganiswa zemfundo Ukrainian ephakamileyo kwisithuba yaseYurophu. Indlela yokuphuma kule meko, ukuba uphendule umbuzo: yintoni na intsingiselo eUkraine, kuphuhliso lwemfundo olufanelekileyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokulungela wemfundo Ukrainian ephakamileyo ukwenza njalo.

imfundo Modern ephakamileyo Poland

Amava ezweni lethu inokuba amava Republic of Poland, nto leyo eli lizwe lokuqala post-yobusoshiyali ukusayina i "Bologna Declaration" Juni 19, 1999. Ukuphela XX - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi lithuba wokutyikitywa aBaphathiswa leMfundo phambili amazwe aseYurophu lwamaxwebhu kubuyekezo kwimfundo ephakamileyo ngokungqinelana nemiqathango zehlabathi lanamhlanje. Charter oMkhulu Universities yasayinwa September 18, 1988.

Ke kaloku, Poland unawo iintsingiselo eziphambili kuphuhliso lwemfundo kweli hlabathi (ukusuka kwimfundo lesibini kwiinkqubo okanye sobugqirha) abantu abaselula abaneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kuma-24. Aba impumelelo yootitshala Polish ahlalisane nama lunatyiswe ulawulo elingqokolayo lizwe rukovodsvom aphezulu. Kunye zabaphathiswa, leyo kuxhomekeke (uluntu) amaziko ezininzi abambiseneyo IBhunga Central for Higher Education (yasekwa ngo-1947), nto leyo equka abameli-50 abanyulwe kwezi yunivesithi kunye noluntu lwezenzululwazi (kuquka oogqirha 35, ootitshala 10 ngaphandle iqondo Doctor kunye kunye nabameli 5 umzimba umfundi).

Umthetho imvume kwiBhodi amalungelo zokusuphavayiza gqitha, kuba ngaphandle kwemvume mali awabelwa kwaye musa ukuya imiyalelo zolungiselelo. Amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo karhulumente zifumana inkxaso-mali evela kwiSebe lezeMali kurhulumente ukuhlangabezana nemingeni enxulumene ekuqeqesheni abafundi ababhalise kule nkqubo, abafundi iziqu kunye nabaphandi; ukugcinwa kwamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, kuquka ukulungiswa kwale ndawo, etc ... Ezi mali zabelwe-mali karhulumente, ilawulwa yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Science kunye neMfundo ePhakamileyo. kwiiyunivesithi State musa ukubiza imali nezokufundiswa, kodwa abafundi kufuneka benze imali kwimeko kuphindwa iminyaka yoqeqesho ngenxa nokuqhuba kakubi kwizifundo, izifundo ngeelwimi zasemzini kunye kwiikhosi ezingaqukwanga kule program. kwiiyunivesithi UMbuso ukwamkela intlawulo sokwamkelwa, kwaye iikholeji zikarhulumente angabiza umrhumo iimviwo umnyango.

Imizila kuphuhliso lwemfundo ephakamileyo Russia

WeMfundo ePhakamileyo, njengoko omnye kunye kumaziko oluntu, atshintsha rhoqo ngokungqinelana Dynamics iinkqubo zentlalo - kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, yenkcubeko, intlalo. Nangona kunjalo, impendulo kweenkqubo emfundo ukuba iifoni zikarhulumente endleka a inertia ethile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo ibe ekujoliswe kwaye esisigxina okuqhuba ezingundoqo iparameters eyala ngokusebenzisana kunye notshintsho kwezentlalo. Loo elementi njengoko isiqulatho ngokuxhomekeke ukuyilwa ntsingiselo maxesha. Le nkqubo yomgaqo-siseko inazo izinto eziphambili ezimbini - kwezentlalo zokufundisa kuba zihlobene. Ngoko ke, musa ungasoloko utshintsha nenkalo yezentlalo iyazitshintshela utitshala. Kodwa kungekudala emva koko izakhono zabo iba yimfuneko injongo kwaye ifuna iintshukumo yamxhel'omnye zokufundisa. esizibonakalisa Le imfuneko ngokwayo kwinkqubo esisigxina oguqukayo umxholo emfundo ephakamileyo eRashiya. Phambili ngokukhawuleza yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, uphuhliso zobuchwepheshe obutsha, inqanaba eliphezulu kobudlelwane kwimarike, ezi ngokwentando yesininzi nobudlelwane kwezentlalo kwaye zezona zinto ukuba afumanise iimfuno nezinto zenze imvelaphi ukuphucula isiqulatho kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.

Kuphikisana ekuphuculeni inkqubo yezemfundo

Namhlanje, ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zoqeqesho abafundi usesikhundleni phambili kwimeko yonke yotshintsho okubhalwe emfundo ephakamileyo. Ichaza uphuhliso umxholo yokufundisa kwiiyunivesithi kunye namaziko, sikwazi ezibalulekileyo ngokwemigaqo yoMthetho imiba dialectical ziphikisana inkqubo, ezifana:

- I ayiphikisani phakathi esinganasiphelo ulwazi lwabantu ababeyiqwebile neenkqubo uqeqesho oluncinane kwabo. Akukho thuba ngokupheleleyo ukubonisa olu lwazi onobunzulu noko ezipheleleyo nezifanelekileyo.
- yintswela phakathi ukuthembakala indlela yokomoya amava oluntu kunye kukhethwa ngokwahluka okanye oluleko abafundi yayo yokufundisa.
- I ayiphikisani isiqulatho kwinjongo ulwazi iinxa zonke iintlobo kunye neendlela zokuhambisa kunye nokwenziwa.
- I ayiphikisani phakathi moya zentlalo umxholo wolwazi ngamnye iimpawu iimfuno luluvo abafundi ngazo ukuba phambi ukufunxeka kwayo.

Ukuphuculwa of Education in Russia

Nanini na kunokwenzeka ootitshala, ophikisayo okanye ukulolonga phezu ezi yantlukwano. Kwiindawo ezithile lwemisebenzi maxesha mihla ekubumbeni isiqulatho kwisikolo aphezulu ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala, kunjalo. Ngako oko, imimandla ephambili nako kuqwalaselwa emva uphuhliso ngezinto eziqhubekayo kwezemfundo eRashiya:

1.Sokraschenie umsantsa phakathi impumelelo bezenzululwazi kunye nokugcinwa ingqeqesho.

2. Enrichment kunye ukuphucula icandelo invariant yesondlo kwimfundo ephakamileyo.

3. kulungiselelwa olinganise phakathi iibloko eyoluntu nolwazi zendalo kunye zemathematika.

4. Humanization kunye humanization okubhalwe emfundo ephakamileyo.

5. ngophawu yeKharityhulam ngokwakha ibhloko multi-disciplinary edibeneyo ulwazi lwekhontenti.

6. Ukusetyenziswa lwamacandelo zemfundo zentlalo kunye nolwalathiso practical iiteknoloji inkcazelo entsha.

7. Ukulungiswa apha naphaya kwee iinkqubo zoqeqesho kunye nokugcinwa kwabo lwemethodoloji ngokungqinelana nemiqathango kunye neemfuno zabemi umfundi beenkcubeko multi-yobuhlanga.

8.Sovershenstvovanie amalungiselelo amaziko neziseko lwemethodoloji lokufundisa ulwazi zokuhlela ukuqinisekisa nokwenziwa yazo i uninzi ngokupheleleyo lwabafundi.