Imithombo yendalo yokukhanya: imizekelo. Yintoni na imithombo yendalo lokukhanya?

Kumaxesha amandulo, abantu bacinga ukuba sikwazi ukubona ngapha Mpondwana-reyi ukuba uphume yamehlo, ngokungathi ezama ukufikelela izinto. Kubonakala njengempambano etyeni. Kodwa enyanisweni, yintoni na ukukhanya? yena Uvela phi? Ukwahlula phakathi imithombo ukukhanya yendalo neyenziweyo. iimbono Modern bathi ukukhanya - i wave magnetic okanye umsinga ziluhlaza. Enyanisweni, imitha, kodwa inxalenye yawo apho ubonakala esweni ukukhanya. Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Andise ukukhanya wafumana ubulunga bayo ngumtshangatshangiso. Malunga apho kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

ukukhanya

Yintoni na? Ngokuphandle ethetha, yinto iliza electromagnetic. Kubonwa ngamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imida okuqonda - ukusuka 380 ukuya 780 NM. Ngamaxabiso aphantsi na umjelo yelanga ukuba abantu abakwazi ukubona, kodwa yiva. Kwi eluswini, kubonakala njenge tan. Kukwakho infra-red imitha, nto leyo kubona izinto eziphilayo nje ezimbalwa kunye nabantu oko kubonwa bubushushu.

Ukukhanya umbala owahlukileyo. Ukuba uyakhumbula umnyama, nguye umnini imibala ezisixhenxe. Inkcaza kulo emfusa umbala wambumba umqadi kwamaza 380 NM, obomvu - 625, kwaye apha eluhlaza - 500, ngaphezu ezimfusa, kodwa ngaphantsi ebomvu. kukho imithombo emininzi kukhanya okwenziwe ngokususela emhlophe-eluhlaza. ukukhanya White kwenzeka xa umxube yonke eminye imibala ezisisiseko - ebomvu,-orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, nemisonto emsi, indigo nemisonto.

izakhiwo

Ngenxa amava kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukukhanya kagesi ngokwendalo. Ngamafutshane, ukukhanya - na radiation magnetic, nto leyo kuyabonakala.

Ukukhanya baqhayise uyakwazi ucanda izinto elubala kunye nomzimba. Ngenxa kule kwelanga kudlule emkhathini ngokulula ingena emhlabeni. Kodwa ngoxa refracted. Xa indlela ukukhanya lidibana umzimba ngaphaya okanye into, kubonakala ukukhanya kubo. Ngoko ke samkela umbala kubonakala amehlo kwaye ubone nje umbala kodwa ifomu.

Ingxenye ethile ukukhanya ezifunxwa ngayo izinto, yaye shushu ngako. izinto Bright musa shushu kangangoko wethunzi ukufunxa ukukhanya ngaphezulu kwaye ibonisa ngaphantsi. Yiyo ke loo nto zikhangeleka mnyama. Ingonyama kolwazi singqongwe, liphuma emehlweni. Enkosi kuye, sihlaziya yonke into. umbono Good kunye migangatho iphezulu kakhulu ngempumelelo ezinxulumene ne ukukhanyisa.

imithombo

Elilawulayo, ukusuka apho zivele ekukhanyeni, kwaye imithombo ukukhanya. Kukho imithombo ukukhanya yendalo neyenziweyo. Owona mthombo ithandwa yaye kubalulekile zendalo yokukhanya - kwelanga, oko kukuthi radiation solar - unyulu inkwenkwezi umlambo efikelela kwamanzi emhlabeni yethu ngohlobo ukukhanya ngqo kunye kwentamo. Kwihlabathi zendalo, kwaye ukuba ngqo ngakumbi spectrum yalo yelanga eyingozi, nto leyo ibalulekile ukuze abantu. Diffuseness - oko kukuthi uphawu izibane zendalo. Oko kukholekileyo wemboniselo. Sakuba baqonde iingqiqo ezininzi, uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ukuba ingcaciso yintoni na - imithombo ukukhanya iisoyi kunye zendalo.

imithombo lokwenziwa

De kwenkulungwane ye-19, yimvelaphi ekuphela ngumntu wokukhanya umlilo kuzo zonke ukutolika yayo. Kamva, ngokubonakalayo baqalisa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo imithombo yombane. Kuba phantse 130 iminyaka ubukho babo, umlilo indawo phantse ngokupheleleyo - kwakukho izibane ioli, amakhandlela. Ngoku asetyenziswa xa kukho ingozi kwisikhululo xa ngesiquphe shwaka ukukhanyisa ingokuhlwa naye, ukudala imeko efanelekileyo. Ukuhamba, xa izibane obhobhozayo, wasebenzisa isibane separafini. Ukuze kuma omkhulu ungenza umlilo.

Koster - ngokwendalo okanye umthombo ukukhanya? Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqonda. Idangatye elivuthayo amasebe owomileyo kwakunye anjengedangatye isibane, zisiza irhasi njalo njalo - ke imithombo ngumntu. Ndingathanda ukuqaphela phawu omnye. imithombo Artificial abantu ukulawula ukukhanya.

Wawalawula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:-siseko, umlilo ophezu ngokwabo, ukupha nokuba ubushushu. Kufuphi kunokwenzeka akakhululeki, ukubona ebumnyameni abahlobo behleli ngaphambili ecula kunye isiginci. Ngathi yimbonakalo yomlilo - yinto umthombo yendalo wokukhanya. Yena unika ukukhanya kwakhe bathetha ngantoni njengenyanga. Kodwa ke iqala ukucima umlilo, kukho imfuneko lokuphosa iinkuni. Umthi, nelangatye ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, oko ungalawuleka. Ngaphezu koko, ekuqaleni umlilo wadala abakhenkethi ngokwabo. A imithombo eyenziwe ngumntu abo wadala umntu. Ngoko ke nesiphelo: umlilo - kodwa nangoku nesikhanyisi esingesiso.

Artificial nazo izixhobo zobugcisa, isakhiwo obuziintlobo ezininzi. Oku ibhalbhu, spotlight, nezibane zombane, njalo-njalo. imizimba ezikhoyo ezingenako angakanani ngokuzimeleyo, yaye ikhuphe ukukhanya kubonakala, ezifana eNyangeni.

Uqwalaselo olubukhali apho imithombo ukukhanya yemvelo.

imithombo yendalo

Onke amashishini, abetheka ukukhanya nobushushu bendalo kuzo, kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba imithombo yendalo. Ukuba imithombo yendalo lokukhanya. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na ukukhutshwa kwamaza njengendawo yokuqala okanye yesibini. imithombo ukukhanya Natural idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi zonke izinto eziphilayo. Imithombo yendalo yendalo zingalawulwa ngumntu:

• Kwelanga.
• umthombo ngokwendalo ukukhanya komlilo.
• Khanya.
• Le ukuvutha ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana nezityalo.

Kwaye oku hayi kuluhlu lonke. Unga bhala imithombo ukukhanya kuyazenzekela. Imizekelo: ilanga, ingqatsini Julayi imini, iinkwenkwezi ukuze sibonwe ebusuku uze uzifake umlaza imibane engaqhelekanga, eqwenga zikhulule amafu, nonomgca nomsila eqaqambileyo, okanye ezimibalabala Aurora, luhlaza kunye encomekayo. ukukhanya Natural abanokuthathelwa ingqalelo limenyezele engceni, babe njengamasuntsu ezincinane zegolide, izinambuzane, yaye ezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi, kubalulekile ukuba phantse kwakudada phezu emgangathweni wolwandle.

igesi oluphakathi

igesi Rarefied igcwalisa isithuba phakathi kweenkwenkwezi. Gas transparent. Kwindawo engundoqo ye irhasi oluphakathi liyasetyenziswa kufutshane moya galactic. Lo maleko uba Ebubanzini ezininzi ezilikhulu pc. Ukubunjwa imichiza kuyafana inkoliso iinkwenkwezi - na hydrogen, helium kunye amasuntswana amancinane enzima. Igesi i ifomu atom, eziphilayo insimbi, bonke kuxhomekeke lexinene lobushushu. Gas zidla i yelanga eyingozi, kwaye imbuyekezo amnike amandla ezikhoyo. Yelanga imitha iinkwenkwezi ashushu, uqala ukuba shushu irhasi. Irhasi ngoko ngokwayo iqala nokuvelisa ukukhanya. Man ebukele abe fu eliqaqambileyo.

bioluminescence

igama okumangalisayo lithetha amandla eziphilayo evutha. Esi sisakhono kwenziwa mhlawumbi ngokwakho okanye uncedo eziphila. Igama lesiGrike elithi "BIOS" kuthetha ubomi. A "sayo" Latin - ukukhanya. italente ezifana kokusekwa kwehlabathi bobabo bonke. Oku kufuna imizimba ngokukhethekileyo ezikhanyayo kwaye onengubo omzimba eziphuhlileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa photophores iintlanzi, xa organelles ezithile kwiseli eukaryotic xa kukho icytoplasm iintsholongwane. Masikhumbule kwenkanyezi, nento leyo eziphilayo zasemanzini bahlala emazantsi olwandle (squid yolwandle, radiolarian). Bioluminescence - imveliso kweenkqubo lwekhemikhali, amandla akhutshwayo xa uqala ukuba ume ngaphandle ngohlobo ukukhanya. Ngamanye amazwi, le uhlobo olulodwa chemiluminescence.

of radio

Le nkqubo kubangelwa kwempembelelo ionizing radiation. anemichiza enjalo kukhutshwe wesigrike ze-X-reyi, alpha, amasuntswana beta, sebenzisa ukufikelela umaleko radioluminescent kwizinto ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, idayi enamakhulu ngomxube zinc emanzini kunye nezinto umthombo radiation ionizing, kukhutshwe ukukhanya kangangexesha elide. Eli xesha ulinganiswa kwiminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka. izinto ezinjalo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ipeyinti ezizodwa. Baye camera khwlzleyo, izixhobo.

Andise sokukhanya

Ukukhanya ukukwazi ukugoba ngeenxa imiqobo adibane nazo apha endleleni yayo. Oku kukhutshwa kumgca othe ngqo. Kwaye akukho wumbi. Ngoko ke, ngokuba isifundo ongenayo iipropati ezibonisa ngaphaya kwakhiwa isithunzi. Akusoloko shadow omnyama. Ngoko ukuba saa njani yaye wabonakalisa reyi ukukhanya ukuba avela kwezinye izinto. Oku amagcisa ingakumbi kwaziwa.

Imiqadi ukukhanya abakwazi kugqitha njengomqobo emnyama. Umzekelo, ukuba inyanga phakathi ilanga kunye nomhlaba, kwaye yiyo loo nto kukho kwelanga elanga.

imithombo ukukhanya. "Hot" yaye "iqhosha lokulayita"

Cinga imithombo ukukhanya bendalo. Imizekelo imithombo eshushu - ilanga. Yeyona nto nje engundoqo ukukhanya, kodwa ubushushu. Ngoko ke, ukuqonda ukukhanya yabantu - ke ubushushu. udaka Hot, okwakha ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwithambeka mlilo, nayo kubonisa inani elikhulu ubushushu, kodwa ukukhanya thile ngaphantsi.

"Cold" ukukhanya zonke wadibana ebomini bam. Le Aurora, kwenkanyezi, umthi obolileyo. Kodwa ke imizimba abanini yokukhanya enjalo efudunyeziwe.

Point ukukhanya

Xa ekufundweni nesenzeko yokukhanya, ingcamango "indawo yomthombo ukukhanya". Akukho kwafunyaniswa ukuba onke imithombo ukukhanya ubukhulu zabo. Umthombo endalo ukukhanya yinkwenkwezi. Sun - yingqakumbana emthubi. Kukho iinkwenkwezi kakhulu ngokubanzi, kodwa amadoda waqonda njengemithombo ingongoma ukukhanya, ngenxa yokuba kumgama enkulu ukusuka emhlabeni wethu.

Xa ndiqukumbela, ndithanda ukuba ukukhankanya omnye imithombo yendalo zokukhanya khona kwethu enokufa - kodwa uvuyo nolonwabo! Ngamana kuze ke makhe ushiya aze akhanyisele indlela yakho ebomini.