Imithombo yamandla ombane: inkcazo, iintlobo kunye neempawu

Imithombo yamandla ombane kwindawo nganye ahluka yi indlela yayo zamalungiselelo. Ngenxa yoko, ezinkqantosini luncedo ukusebenzisa amandla omoya okanye ukuguqula ubushushu emva gas kwamafutha yokutsha. Ezintabeni, apho kukho umlambo, ukwakha amadama kunye namanzi uqhuba-injini ezinkulu. amandla Electromotive wavelisa phantse kuyo yonke indawo ngenxa kwezinye amandla zendalo.

Phi abathengi amandla

Imithombo yamandla ombane ezifunyenwe emva kokuba ombane lokuguqula amandla omoya, intshukumo entshukumo, amanzi, kwesiphumo ngeeatom, ubushushu wokutsha igesi, ioyile okanye namalahle. izityalo amandla ngokubanzi, izitishi zamandla ngamanzi. Ngcembe nokunciphisa inani lezityalo zamandla enyukliya njenge echaza ngokupheleleyo kubantu abahlala kufutshane.

Ingasetyenziswa yokusabela imichiza, la sigcina bhetri kweemoto zasendlini. Iibhetri for phones asebenza kumgaqo. Vetroviki ezisetyenziswa iindawo ngumoya rhoqo apho imithombo yamandla ombane ziqulethe uyilo eqhelekileyo amandla eliphezulu generator.

Ukuze amandla lonke isixeko amaxesha isikhululo omnye akakho ngokwaneleyo, kwaye imithombo ugesi zidityanisiwe. Ngoko ke, phezu kwezindlu yezindlu kumazwe efudumeleyo efakiweyo iiphaneli zesola, ukuba nilaluse kumagumbi ngamnye. Ngokuthe ngcembe, nokusingqongileyo imithombo lobuhlobo luzakubuyisela kwisitishi, ukungcolisa umoya.

ezimotweni

izithuthi Battery - ayikho kuphela umthombo wamandla ombane. circuit imoto iyilwe ngendlela yokuba xa uhambisa inkqubo yokuguqulwa amandla agciniweyo zibe imiyalezo iqala. Oku kungenxa wenkunkuma, apho njengokujikeleza Ikhoyili ngaphakathi lo mhlaba otsalayo kudala imbonakalo kwemikhosi electromotive (EMF).

Uthungelwano iqala ukuze flow the current ukutshajisa, ubude nokusebenza elandelwayo exhomekeke capacitance yayo. Abize kuqalise ngoko nangoko emva kokuqalisa injini. Oko kukuthi, amandla lukhutshwe ovuthayo isibaso. izinto zakutshanje ziye zavumela moto ukusebenzisa umthombo EMF wamandla ombane izithuthi.

Neebhetri imichiza ezinamandla zombane kuvelisa ngoku kwisiphaluka evaliweyo kwaye zisebenza njengomthombo wamandla. Apha kukho inkqubo reverse: i-EMF eyenziwe jiko kwenkqubo drive eyenza spin ivili. Imisinga kwisekethe zasesekondari omkhulu kisekiyo isantya ukukhawulezisa kunye isithuthi weight.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo Ikhoyili nge umazibuthe

elibaleka ezikhoyo Ikhoyili ibangela i alternating ukubhobhoza ngemagnethi. Yena, ke, elinako iimagnethi ukubagcina, nto leyo eyenza kwisakhelo kunye polarities ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ukujikeleza iimagnethi. Ngoko ke, imithombo amandla sombane zezona hub ngenxa intshukumo yeemoto.

Inkqubo umva, xa ifreyimu umazibuthe lijikeleza ngaphakathi engathi ngenxa namandla entshukumo ukuguqula alternating ekubhobhozeni sibubona ekukhanyeni EMF coil. Ngaphezu koko, lo wesekethe ekhwele nabalawuli ombane ukuba zinika izalathi ubonelelo efunekayo. Ngokwalo mgaqo, oko ivelisa umbane ephehla ugesi ngamanzi, izityalo wamandla oshushu.

EMF kwi sekethe livela kwisekethe eqhelekileyo ezivaliweyo. It ikhona nje umqhubi isicelo umahluko enokwenzeka. efunekayo amandla Electromotive ukuchaza iimpawu umthombo wamandla. Le nkcazelo komzimba: EMF kwisiphaluka evaliweyo kukuba ngokomlinganiselo umsebenzi imikhosi yangaphandle, yi ukuhanjiswa ngecala olulodwa entle ngawo umzimba lonke nombhexeshi.

Ifomula: E = mna R - uxhathiso kucingwa epheleleyo, ukusonga uxhathiso lwangaphakathi umthombo wamandla kunye ukuxhathisa nokongeza inxalenye wondla yaloo mmandla.

Uthintelo ekufakelweni kwezinto sezitishana

Nawuphi na umqhubi apho uhamba khona kudala intsimi yombane. Umthombo wamandla yi samaza lamaza kagesi. Ehlabathini ufakelo ezinkulu, izitishana okanye kufutshane iiseti generator nempembelelo kwimpilo yabantu. Ngoko ke, amanyathelo okunciphisa ezi kwiziza zokwakha kufutshane Izakhiwo zokuhlala ziye zathathwa.

Mgama esisigxina ukuba izinto zombane, ngaphezu apho esiphilayo ikhuselekile efakiweyo kwinqanaba mthetho. Yavalwa ukwakhiwa kwesitishi ophezulu-amandla kufutshane ezindlwini, endleleni yabantu. ufakelo enamandla kufuneka kuqashwe, hlwele umnyango.

imigca yomphakamo-ombane ziyaxhonywa phezulu ngaphezu izakhiwo kwaye yenza ngaphaya zokuhlala. Ukuze ukuphelisa impembelelo amaza leyo ikwindawo ekuhlaliwa zemithombo yamandla ivaliwe screens metal earthed. Kwimeko kwecacileyo, a enemingxuma of wire.

iiyunithi zemilinganiselo

Nganye umthombo wamandla kunye yesekethe ichazwa ubukhulu lwamaxabiso oluninzi. Oku lula umsebenzi ukuyila kunye nokubalwa nomthwalo phantsi oluthile lokutya. Yunithi ezihlangene yimithetho yemvelo.

Kuba amaxabiso izinto lwamandla iiyunithi zilandelayo efakwe:

• Resistance: R - Ohms.
• EMF: E - V.
• Reactance kunye ukuvimba: X kunye Z - ohms.
• YaNgoku: I - amps.
• Qaphela: U - uV
• Power: P - watts.

Ukwakhiwa leesekethe amandla zilandelelana kwaye ingqamene

Umphathi wesekethe ubalo inzima, ukuba ezimbaxa kusetyenziswa imithombo yamandla ombane kweentlobo eziliqela. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo luvukelo lwangaphakathi kwisebe ngalinye kunye ulwalathiso yangoku nge izinikezeli. Kulungiselelwa iSingqinisiso nganye umthombo EMF efunekayo ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye uvule kwaoko wesiphaluka ngelo iterminal yebhetri ukulinganisa izakhono ifowuni feed - a voltmeter.

isixhobo wesekethe ezivaliweyo iya kubonisa nethontsi ombane, nto leyo eye kwixabiso elincinane. badla zifuna imithombo eminzinzi ukufumana amandla. Kuxhomekeka isicelo angasebenzisa iintlobo ezininzi obuchopho:

• Ukuhlala. EMF umthombo iziphaluka ngalinye yabhalwa. Ngenxa yoko, xa usebenzisa iibhetri ezimbini wesiqhelo 2 volt afunyenwe ngokudibanisa 4 V.
• Okhunye. Olu hlobo mthombo isetyenziswa ukunyusa umthamo, ngokulandelelana, kukho ixesha yokusebenza elide kwibhetri. EMF zeesekethe xa uxhulumaniso akaguquguquki alinganayo amaxabiso wesiqhelo iibhetri. Kubalulekile ukujonga ezichaseneyo le unxulumano.
• ukuxhumana Ludityanisiwe asetyenziswa kunqabile, kodwa practice apho. Ukubalwa kwe EMF isiphumo eziveliswa kwinkalo nganye closed. Sithabathela ingqalelo ezichaseneyo ye ekhoyo kunye ulwalathiso amasebe.

Ohms esi-

Uxhathiso yangaphakathi umthombo wamandla ombane kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukugqiba EMF isiphumo. Ngokubanzi, amandla electromotive ibalwa le E ifomula = mna R + mna r. Apho R - abathengi Resistance kunye r - ukuxhathisa lwangaphakathi. Kokuwa ombane efanayo ibalwa i'quadratic ulandelayo: U = E - Ir.

I yangoku aqukuqela kwisekethe ibalwa ngokwe Ohm kaThixo beesekethe ngokupheleleyo umthetho: I = E / (R + r). ukumelana yangaphakathi uyakwazi ukuphembelela inqaba yangoku. Ukuze uphephe oku, mthombo ekhethiweyo umthwalo ngolawulo kulandelayo: ukuxhathisa umthombo yangaphakathi lincinane kakhulu inani ukumelana iyonke kwabathengi. Emva koko uthathe ingqalelo ukubaluleka kwalo akukho mfuneko ngenxa ilayini encinane esiphoso.

Indlela ukulinganisa mbane Ohms?

Ekubeni imithombo baze abanye balwamkele yamandla ombane kuya kuvunyelwana, ngoko umbuzo uvela ngoko nangoko wokuba: ukulinganisa indlela uxhathiso lwangaphakathi umthombo? Emva i Ohm-manzi wayamene abafowunelwa kunye nekhono ezifumanekayo kubo. Ukusombulula ingxaki usebenzisa ngqo indlela readout - imilinganiselo efunekayo variables ezongezelelweyo: zangoku kunye ombane. Calculation yenziwe ngokungqinelana r wokubala = U / mna, apho U - nethontsi ombane lonke uxhathiso lwangaphakathi, yaye mna - ezikhoyo kwisekethe phantsi umthwalo.

Ukuhla ombane ulinganiswa ngqo umthombo wamandla iiclamps. Xa wesekethe eyaziwa elidityaniswe a R. resistor Phambi imilinganiselo wesiqhelo kufuneka zibhalwe phantsi umthombo voltmeter ka-EMF wesiphaluka evulekileyo - E. Ngaphezu koko, umthwalo elidityaniswe kwaye fixed ufundo - U ukufudumeza. and yangoku

Ukuhla kufuneka ombane ngaphesheya lwangaphakathi ukuxhathisa U = E - U ubushushu. Ngenxa yoko, i-r olifunayo ixabiso count = (E - U umthwalo.) / I.