Imeko yengxaki - isigqibo ... kunye nokudalwa imeko yengxaki

imigangatho emitsha yemfundo yaziswa kuphela kumaziko emfundo, kodwa eziguqulweyo. Waphumelela yeziko lemfundo zabasakhasayo kufuneka ukuba izakhono ezithile:

• ukusombulula imingeni yobuqu ngokwasengqondweni, efanele iminyaka yabo;
• ukusebenzisa olu lwazi ukucwangcisa imisebenzi emitsha, izisombululo zazo.

Iimpawu yokufunda ingxaki-based

iimeko eziyingxaki ndlela kubandakanya yokufundisa, olusekelwe phezu ukufunyanwa kolwazi zokusombulula iingxaki ezenziwayo kwakunye nemiqathango. enkulisa osebenzisa efanayo, liphuhlisa abafundi babo ukukwazi ukubeka ngokuzimeleyo usukelo ukujonga iindlela zokufikelela ngayo, ukuhlalutya isiphumo. Sihlalutya iindlela ezahlukeneyo ekudaleni imeko yingxaki apho eyodwa bafunde ukukhangela iinkcukacha, ukusebenzisa ulwazi kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Yintoni injongo yokufunda ingxaki-based

Ukusombulula ingxaki kunegalelo ukuyilwa ubuchule Indalo abafundi ukuba baphuhlise ukuzimela kwabo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba olo qeqesho kuquka ukumiselwa nolwalamano olusondeleyo phakathi abadala kunye nabantwana. Ukudalwa imeko yengxaki - ngutitshala iingxaki. Umelwe ukuba ahambe kunye chain guys oluxandileyo, iya kuba sisiqalo waphawula olulula, yaye isiphumo - indima ebonakalayo ekusombululeni ingxaki. Ngolwazi olutsha olufunyenwe kwi ekuhambeni ngentsebenziswano, umntwana ufunda iimpawu ezintsha yenjongosenzi wafunda, ukufunda ukubuza imibuzo, nifune iimpendulo kubo.

Iimpawu yokufunda ingxaki-based

ngokutsha enkulu kwimfundo, iindlela ezintsha iintlobo zemfundo zabasakhasayo olwenzekayo eRashiya. Kukho iindidi ezintsha amaziko pre-school, ejoliswe lokusekwa ubuchule yokuziphatha neengqondi yabantwana abakwiminyaka isikolo samabanga aphantsi. kunikwa ingqwalasela kuhlawulwa kwimfundo pre-school na kumiswa ngokuthe ngcembe yezenzo ngengqondo, ukukwazi ukusombulula iimeko eziyingxaki, imisebenzi ebekwe yi ngutitshala.

Ukubaluleka yoqeqesho

uqeqesho olunjalo kwahlukile ukulungiselela zemveli uthole umsebenzi kwengqondo. Abakwisikolo sabantwana bafunde izakhono-imfundo ukuzeyisa, self-learning, abaya kufuneka ebomini esikolweni. Uhlalutyo Ukuqinisekisa imeko yengxaki - indlela ukufumana amava amatsha.

Imbali ingxaki kubuchwepheshe

Imbali ukusetyenziswa yokufunda ingxaki-based imiliselwe elidlulileyo enzulwini. Xa imisebenzi I. G. Pestalotstsi, J.-J. Rousseau wanikela "iindlela zokufunda esebenzayo." imeko yengxaki - le yindlela ukuze bazuze amava amatsha, ukukhuthaza imisebenzi abantwana ngokwakhe. Ekuqaleni utitshala kwenkulungwane yama-20 yaseMelika uYohane. Dewey yaqulunqa imbono yokufunda ingxaki-based. It inika umboniso yemveli kwezemfundo kokuya esikolweni nokuba bezikolo zaseprayimari ukuba indawo imfundiso eyahlukileyo xa usombulula iingxaki ezisebenzayo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa imifuniselo emininzi olwenziwa yi Dewey, eqiniseka ukuba imeko yingxaki for eyodwa ukunika amathuba ngakumbi (, incwadi ngomlomo) uqeqesho ngomlomo ezinxulumene nezinto nonqaya nje. Kuyinto seendlela mihla Dewey ufumbethe kokufika ingcamango "isenzo epheleleyo yokucinga." zokufunda Active, ecetywayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela eRashiya "anamathele 'kuphela nokuqaliswa kwemigangatho ezintsha zemfundo.

Imizekelo iimeko eziyingxaki for eyodwa

Nanku umzekelo imeko yengxaki for eyodwa. Abantwana bacela iibloko iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, nokuba yiyiphi, kufuneka ukuba ukwakha indlu. Emva kokufumana umsebenzi, abantwana kufuneka kuqala ingqalelo isicwangciso salo amanyathelo pick up iityhubhu ngokumila, ubukhulu, ukuze ufumane uyilo ikhaya izinzile. Ukuba abantwana ukuphosa iingongoma data, abakwazi ukumelana umsebenzi ukuba utitshala phambi kwabo. Ngexesha lomsebenzi joint, abantwana bafunde ukunxibelelana, ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo njengeqela.

Kakuhle eli eyodwa ingxaki efundisa

uqeqesho onjalo ombane, kuxhomekeke indlela abathetha ngayo ngxaki katitshala. imeko yengxaki ingqalelo zifaneleke kolwazi, uphuhliso okusungula eyodwa. Le eziguqulweyo ezisasazwa kuphuhliswa indima-ukudlala imidlalo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukufunda ingxaki-based. Zama kwi ugqirha msebenzi, umntwana efunda ukunxibelelana "izigulane". Oku kuya kumnceda xa ukhetho kumsebenzi elizayo, kuya kuba inkuthazo enkulu ulwazi olutsha. Xa iziko lemfundo kokuya esikolweni, umntwana efunda ukoyisa iingxaki yengqondo, imeko yingxaki ukuba - ukuba ithuba elikhulu ukuzibonakalisa. Loo ngxaki ikhuthaza eyodwa ukuba yokucinga, efundisa ukuba ukukhetha isixa esikhulu solwazi kuphela umntu ukuba kuya kufuneka ukuba ziphume imeko yangoku. Ukungaboni ukuba ikhona kule nkqubo iya kuba indlela eyintloko ukuze kuphuculwe ikamva umsebenzi cognitive kuqala.

Iingcebiso ngezinto ongazenza ku TO

Nayiphi na imeko ingxaki - yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba imeko yomntwana. Ukufumana indlela kangangoko zokusombulula ingxaki kuxhomekeke amandla ezinobuchule ngutitshala. yokufunda ingxaki-based ibandakanya intlangano ngokudlala kunye nemisebenzi yophando okusungula eyodwa. Ukusebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela zonke lokusekwa umsebenzi lolwazi abafundi, utitshala wenza becala abantwana ngokweemvakalelo volitional. Umnonopheli ithatha unonophelo ukuba ekuvelisweni kolwazi olutsha abantwana uziva wanelisekile, uyolo, uvuyo. Utitshala lwakhiwe imeko eziyingxaki - lithuba ukuba babakhuphe oonyana nemvo bomntu, ukungakwazi, wothuka.

Ubuchule, creative ukuzimela enkulisa, bhetyebhetye, ukucinga heuristic iimpawu ubuchule nomnqweno ukuyila, ukuba zizakhele, ukuqalisa, ukuba zizakhele imifanekiso ezintsha.

Ukusebenza kwi projekthi, umntwana ufumana kwimisebenzi yayo fun, abafumana iimvakalelo ezintle. Kuphela kule meko ke sithethe kwinkqubela phambili epheleleyo amandla okudala kokuya esikolweni, ukuyilwa ubuntu ukuvumelana.

Indlela ukudala imeko eziyingxaki

Ukuphikisana ikhonkco yokufunda ingxaki-based, kwaye ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba sizibuze umbuzo ekunene ukuya emntwaneni. Isikakhulu imibuzo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo isakhiwo, cela abantwana ngokwabo, "Kutheni na Ingubo?"; "Kutheni lento kufuneka utyale usele amanzi, yaye loo nto landela kuyo?"; "Kutheni chicken zasekhaya amaphiko, kodwa oko akuthethi kubaleka?"; "Kutheni na umhlaba ngeenxa zonke?" Iingxaki ezityhala abantwana, utitshala ubhala phantsi okanye ubamba, kwaye iiseshoni ziya kuthetha ukuba iqela lonke. Umboneleli kufuneka athumele abantwana ukuba bafune impendulo yalo mbuzo, anikele ingqalelo kuso yintswela kukhuselwe isigqibo esifanelekileyo engqondweni yomntwana. Utitshala ngabom neyayo i ayiphikisani inyaniso yenzululwazi ukuba ezaziwa umntwana, kunye neemeko zobomi.

imizekelo yophando

Ngokufunda iimpawu zamanzi, abantwana baya kufunda ukuba-80 ekhulwini abantu kunye nezilwanyana eyenziwe ngamanzi. Ukudala imeko yingxaki Utitshala uyabuza: "Kutheni na incindi yomzimba wethu, kuba amanzi kangaka?" Ekunye guys utitshala ufuna impendulo bafikelele kwisigqibo sokuba amanzi - ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ngoko ke asivelanga umntu. Utitshala ekufuneni impendulo yombuzo ukumamela zonke iingxoxo lonke loonyana, babakhuthaze ukuba umsebenzi, ezama ukubonakalisa ulwazi lwabo. Xa zonke guys zinika iimpendulo zabo, kunye khetha isisombululo esifanayo.

Ukuze ufumane impendulo echanekileyo enokwenziwa kunye nokuhlola. Abantwana kunye notitshala (okanye abazali) bawahlikihle iminqathe, beetroot, iitapile, juice acofwa, bathelekise isixa ulwelo wachacha. Isifundo encinane lwenziwa ngoososayensi elizayo, kuya kuba kwafunyaniswa lokwenene abantwana. Ukudala imeko eziyingxaki, utitshala onyanzelisa abadlali bakhe ukuba bafumane ulwazi, ukuphuhlisa self-ukuphucuka.

amakhadi fancy

A meko eziyingxaki anokwenziwa eklasini yemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni. Isifundo "amakhadi Greeting for ihagu" enokwenziwa ngokohlobo komdlalo. yezibheno Utitshala abantwana ukunceda pick up for ihagu isipho. Xa ikhathuni malunga kaWinni Phopho ngumbuzo isipho ye-esile, ngoko ke umbuzo wokuba yintoni ukunika ihagu, ekuqaleni kubonakala abantwana bezinye iintlanga. Le guys Ndikubekela izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuba ukunika ihagu. imithambo zingenakukwazi ijikwe ibe yocweyo ubangel 'apho mntwana ngamnye uya kuba amakhadi bamatasa for engaqhelekanga cartoon hero. Ngaba nje kunyuka nge ikhadi wokubulisa, kodwa kwakhona ukufumana zonke iinkcukacha kuyo. Ukuze uqale guys bazalise iibhokisi umlingo wabo (iibhokisi umsebenzi). iinkcukacha ezithile imeko kwicandelo ngalinye bhokisi: izangqa, iintyatyambo, amagqabi. Kunye umkhapheli abantwana ude- kupela magic, amazwi qulunqa yena utitshala. Kuphela emva kokuba esinjalo guys engaqhelekanga isiko uqala ukudala amakhadi umbuliso ukuba lehagu enhle. Umntwana ngamnye ufumana ekupheleni ikhadi zawo, amanqaku epheleleyo zingathunyelwa ngeposi ukwindlela yokuma okhethekileyo.

Ukubaluleka yokufunda ingxaki-based

Nayiphi na imeko ingxaki ecetywayo ngutitshala, iyabakhuthaza abakwisikolo sabantwana, inceda ukuvusa kwaye enze umsebenzi kwengqondo, ukuphuhlisa ubuchule. Hypothesis leyo ibeka utitshala ekuqaleni kweseshoni, njengoko eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe yokufunda ingxaki-based.

isiphelo

Xa omaziyo nehlabathi yokufunda abantwana ingxaki-based ngumba ophambili. Xa ufuna ukusombulula ingxaki ethile umntwana lithi ligxininise khona ingqalelo yakhe, inkumbulo, ukuphuhlisa oko ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza ukuqhelana kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Nge self-ekuqulunqweni yeengcinga, abakwisikolo sabantwana funda ukubeka iiklasi iinjongo, khangela iinketho kunye iintlobo zophando. Xa wenze naluphi na iimeko ingxaki ngabom abadala ukukhuthaza abantwana ukuba abeke phambili hypothesis, nibafundise ukuba izigqibo. Umntwana akoyiki ukwenza impazamo, ngokuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo belingayi kohlwaywa, kodwa koko, onke amazwi umntwana ubotshiwe bakhuthazwe yi komfundisi.

Ukusombulula iingxaki zabo ngaphandle koloyiko kulahlekiseni, - lo mceli ingxaki kwemfundo pre-school. Uhlaziyo obrazovatelanya Modern kwilizwe lethu ijongene iinguqulelo ezinkulu kunye nokwaziswa imigangatho emitsha yemfundo federal kwindawo yokuqala kungenxa ukuphunyezwa kwi indlela ingxaki uthole zoqeqesho. Kukho iziphumo ezintle yokuqala yale UHlaziyo, eqinisekisa ukubaluleka nexesha le GEF. Abantwana banako ukuba bacwangcise imisebenzi yabo, ukuba azihlanganisele umsebenzi, akayi kubona naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha zoqeqesho ziyaqhubeka kumaziko emfundo.