Imbongi Russian Apollon Grigoryev: biography, ubuchule

ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngaphandle kwesizathu kuthiwa age yegolide kwimibongo Russian. Ngeli xesha, sidale amagcisa ezininzi kakhulu ilizwi, ekwakukho phakathi Apollon Grigoriev. engobomi bakhe ethi, echazwe kweli nqaku liza kukunika umbono jikelele ngale ndoda abanetalente. Apollon Aleksandrovich masiv (iminyaka yobomi - 1822-1864) yaziwa wembongi Russian, umguquleli, yeqonga kunye umgxeki loncwadi, memoirist.

Imvelaphi A. A. Grigoreva

Apollon Aleksandrovich wazalelwa eMoscow ngoJulayi 20, 1822. Uyisemkhulu waba ngumlimi ababeze eMoscow ukusebenza ukusuka kwiphondo ekude. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo onzima kwi imisebenzi yenkonzo yoluntu lo mntu ufumene liqhawe. Ke yena uyise Apollon Grigoriev, ona ukuthanda abazali kunye enxulumene ubomi babo intombi umqhubi serf. Kuphela konyaka emva kokuzalwa, unyana wakhe, abazali Apollo batshata, ngoko ke imbongi elizayo lajongwa njengoyena mntwana wesihlahla. Apollo Grigoriev ikwazile ukufumana ngabafo yobuqu kuphela ngo-1850, xa elikwisikhundla of umcebisi titular. Isihloko Noble oko ibuyisiwe.

ithuba loqeqesho, ngoonobhala

Imbongi elizayo Wabufunda ekhaya. Oku kwamenza ukuba enze ngoko nangoko University eMoscow, abapasa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Apha, kwi uMthetho School, waya iintetho ze M. P. Pogodina, T. N. Granovskogo, SP Shevyreva kunye nabanye. Hero lwethu umfundi Ya. P. Polonsky kunye A. A. Fet. Ngazo ecwangciswe isangqa zoncwadi apho imbongi oselula ukufunda imisebenzi yabo omnye komnye. Ngowe-1842 waphumelela kwiYunivesithi Apollon Aleksandrovich. Emva koko, wasebenza kwithala leencwadi, uze emva koko waba uNobhala yeBhodi. Noko ke, Grigoriev akazange anikwe umsebenzi njengomfundisi - ezisemthethweni ezixhasiweyo ukuba zixazalala, alibale ukuba babhalise kubo kunye nokwabiwa ezi ncwadi.

le ncwadi lokuqala

Ukususela ngowe-1843 waqala ukuzivakalisa Apollon Grigoriev. nemibongo yakhe ziyabonakala ekhuthele kakhulu kwixesha ukususela 1843 ukuya 1845 negalelo kule iimvakalelo ezingabuyekezekiyo ukuba A. F. Korsh. imixholo Uninzi lwamazwi Grigorieva wachaza kanye olu thando idrama - spontaneity kunye neemvakalelo ongalawulekiyo, inkanuko esibulalayo, uthando-wrestling. Eli xesha lo mbongo "comet", apho chaos iimvakalelo kuthelekiswa kunye neenkqubo Imbongi isithuba. La mazwi zikhona iprozi nokwakheka yokuqala Apollo Alexandrovich, eyenziwe ngendlela kwidayari. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuba 'Amaphepha of sophist ngqangi ejikelezayo "(zibhaliwe ngo-1844, epapashwe ngowe-1917).

Iminyaka yobomi bakhe eSt Petersburg

Sisindwa yi amatyala, eziphanzileyo emva ukuphoxeka eluthandweni, Grigoriev wagqiba ukuqala ubomi obutsha. Yena ngasese waya eSt Petersburg, apho kungekho abahlobo. Grigoriev kwixesha ukususela 1844 ukuya 1845 ababekhonza iNdlu Yeengwevu yaye nondiliseko yamatyala, kodwa wagqiba ukushiya inkonzo ukuze anikele lonke ixesha lakhe ekubhaleni. Grigoriev wabhala idrama kunye nemibongo, kunye iprozi, yeqonga, ukuhlalutya uncwadi. Ngowe-1844-1846 gg. Apollon Aleksandrovich iye ubambisene i "Iintlobo kunye oothixo." Le magazini wathabatha lasungulwa abe ngumbhali. Uye lapapasha amanqaku abalulekileyo malunga nomba yeqonga, reviews zomsebenzi, kwakunye eninzi kwimibongo lwedrama kwivesi "ukuzingca ezimbini" (ngo-1845). Beza trilogy yakhe, yokuqala apho - "Man of the Future", okwesibini - "ukuqhelana wam Vitalina" kwaye wokugqibela - "Ophelia". Apollon Grigoriev nayo inxaxheba translation (kwakukho "Antigone of Sophocles" ngo-1846, "School for Amadoda Moliere" kunye neminye imisebenzi).

Buyela eMoscow

Grigoriev yaba uhlobo zesisa owenza ukutshintsha naye iinkolelo, baphuthume ukusuka kakhulu enye kwenye, ukuba sifune siseko emitsha kunye nothando. Ngowe-1847, badana eSt Petersburg, wabuyela eMoscow. Apha waqalisa sebenzisana iphephandaba "Moscow City leaf". Phakathi imisebenzi eli xesha, kufanele kuphawulwe amanqaku 4 Grigorieva "Gogol kunye incwadi yakhe yokugqibela," wadala ngo-1847.

umshado

Kulo nyaka, Apollon Aleksandrovich wokubopha kwiqhina. umfazi Apollon Grigoriev yaba udade A. F. Korsh. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba ihambo yalo esiyimfeketho batshate ongatshitshiswayo. kwakhona Grigoryev waqala ixesha nobuhlungu engqondweni kunye nonxunguphalo. imisebenzi emininzi eli xesha, ubomi imbongi bakhe, mhlawumbi wadalwa ukuba kungekhona ngenxa umfazi Apollona Grigoreva kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe bokungakhathali kwakungandonwabisi. Ngeli xesha, Apollon Aleksandrovich lapapasha umjikelo lwesihobe othi "Diary of uthando nokuthandaza." Ngowe-1879, yena yapapashwa ngokupheleleyo lo mjikelo, emva kokuba efile Apollon Grigoriev. Imibongo ayefakwe kuyo abazinikele wasemzini ezintle kunye nothando ezingabuyekezekiyo kuye.

Teaching, Grigoriev mhlalutyi

Kweli thuba ukususela 1848 ukuya 1857 Apollon Aleksandrovich wayengumfundisi. Abekuhambisa kileyo kwizikolo ezininzi. Ngelo xesha kusebenzisana kunye namaphephancwadi yaza yadala imisebenzi emitsha. Ngowe-1850, uGregory wenza abahlobo kunye abahleli "Moskvityanin". Esehlela "abasebenzi abatsha Umhleli" kunye A. N. Ostrovskim. Enyanisweni, ukuba ukugxekwa lwesebe "Moskvityanin".

Njengoko umhlalutyi Apollon Grigoriev ngeli xesha uba inani ezinkulu ngezangqa yeqonga. Washumayela lula kunye ngokoqobo ekubuphatheni kunye kwemidlalo. Izinto ezininzi nemidlalo kuthakazelelwa Apollon Grigoriev. About "Storm" wabhala Ostrovsky njengesipho umsebenzi wobugcisa. Inzuzo ephambili umhlalutyi yokudlala wacinga ukukwazi ukubhala bumbongorha ngokuchanileyo zichaza ubomi yesizwe Russian. Grigoriev uthe -ngenxa ubomi yephondo kunye ubuhle bendalo Russian kunye neziganeko ze ntlekele kubonisiwe kwi-mveliso, ngenkankulu yayichukumisa.

Apollon Grigoriev eyaziwa ngokuba nombhali ibinzana elithi "Pushkin - ukuba yonke into." Ukudalwa Alexander, kakade, wamisa phezulu kakhulu. neengxoxo zakhe ezibonisa umdla kakhulu, ingakumbi oko wathi malunga Apollo Grigoryev Evgenii Onegine. Abahlalutyi bathi blues Eugene kunxulumene ukugxekwa yaso yendalo ezingundoqo, nto leyo ingqiqo bokuhlala Russian. Apollon Aleksandrovich wathi uluntu akukho ityala ukuphoxeka kunye udakada, siye Onegin. Waphawula ukuba ngaba osifumana ngamathandabuzo umsindo, ezifana Childe Harold, kunye Eugene of giftedness.

Ngowe ngo1856, "Moskvityanin" ivaliwe. Emva koko Apollo Alexandrovich bayamenywa ukuba ezinye iimagazini, ezifana "Contemporary" yaye "incoko Russian." Noko ke, wayekulungele ukwamkela sipho kuphela xa nkongomiso buqu kwisebe ezibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, beza thethwano ukuya esiphelweni imibongo iincwadi kuphela, amanqaku kunye neenguqulelo Grigorieva.

uthando olutsha

Ngowe-1852-57 gg. Masiv Apollon Aleksandrovich kuyabuya uthando ezingabuyekezekiyo, eli xesha Wizard Ly. Ngowe-1857 kwabonakala umjikelo enkondlo "Ukulwa, 'equka edumileyo iivesi Grigorieva" Hungarian angamaGypsy "yaye" Owu, ndixeleleni ubuncinane wena kunye nam ... ". Blok wabiza le misebenzi iiperile Russian lyrics.

Uhambo eYurophu

Apollon Grigoriev, waba ngosikhaphela kunye Umfundisi Prince I. Yu. Trubetskogo, waya eYurophu (Italy, France). Kweli thuba ukususela 1857 ukuya 1858 wahlala Florence kunye Paris, atyelela amaziko okulondoloza. Emva ekhaya, Grigoriev waya ukuprinta, ukususela ngo-1861 isebenzisana bayawafundisisa lowu "nguva yin'wana" yaye "Ixesha", apho elikhokelwa Fyodor M. M. Dostoevskie kunye. Dostoevsky wacebisa Apollonu Aleksandrovichu ukudala kwimbali yobomi zesizukulwana sangoku zophuhliso, nowenziwa Apollo Grigoriev. ubuchule bakhe kuquka "skitalchestva yam ngoncwadi yokuziphatha" - isiphumo yomgwebo ecetywayo isihloko.

iimbono zeentanda nobugcisa Grigorieva

Yentanda nobugcisa Grigoriev izimvo kuyilwa phantsi kwempembelelo Slavophilism (Khomyakova) kunye Romantic (Emerson, Schelling, Carlyle). Wayeqonda nezimiso zenkolo kunye nakuzwelonke-ngamadoda ebalulekileyo kubomi babantu. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe kudityaniswe ukugxeka ekuqaleni izigwebo puritanical malunga uncwadi uluntu epheleleyo. Apollon Aleksandrovich kwakhona waluthethelela ingcamango umanyano lwesizwe yexesha phambi nasemva-Petrine. Wayekholelwa ukuba Westernism kunye Slavophilism Uphawu umda umda uyilo ubomi zembali, kubekelwe abstract. Noko ke, ngokutsho Grigoriev, izimvo uluntu Slavophiles ngcono obungako ngaphezu inkqubo Westernism ukuba uyakuqonda guquki bawo obufanele (enqabeni yomkhosi abantu iyunifomu).

Grigorieva Outlook kubonakala ngokuzeleyo ukugxeka ingcamango ephilayo wadala. kanye Ingcamango ukugxekwa ephilayo ekwafanekisa le ukuqonda ubunjalo kweziphilayo bokuzoba, nto leyo ehlanganiswe ofana ezahlukeneyo izinto eziphilayo kwaqala. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ubugcisa - yinxalenye yobomi, lubonakaliswa buphelele, hayi nje ikopi leyinene.

ingakumbi imibongo

isihobe Grigoriev xa ekhulisa phantsi kwempembelelo Lermontov. Apollon Aleksandrovich Wazibiza romantic lokugqibela. Watyhola nokungavisisani yehlabathi nokubandezeleka themba zingundoqo umsebenzi wakhe. Babedla ukuchitheka zibe nto Ityhwatyhwa yokonwabela, badlale phezu. Uninzi imibongo Grigorieva (ingakumbi umjikelo mzi) ngenxa yokuqhelaniswa etsolo zentlalo kwakunzima ukushicilela. Oku kwenzeka kuphela cinezela phesheya Russian. Ngokubanzi, abanomdla ilifa echaza umbhali thina na ezinomkhethe kakhulu, kodwa indalo wakhe ubalaseleyo nokubengezela ezahlukeneyo kunye imvakalelo obungaqhelekanga.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Apollon Grigoriev ngenxa yomphefumlo wakhe waba kubukho kunye Slavophile oyinqaba kunye Freemason, utshaba-polemicist kunye umhlobo olungileyo, uzinkcinkca banokude kunye nomntu yokuziphatha. Ekugqibeleni, zonke ezi zimo wayaphula kuye. Apollon Grigoriev Badidekile ematyaleni. Ngowe-1861, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlale ngaphandle entolongweni unetyala ngayo. Emva koko, ngexesha lokugqibela wazama ukutshintsha ubomi bakhe, nto leyo waya Orenburg. Apha Grigoriev wayengumfundisi kwi yeCadet Corps. Nangona kunjalo, olu hambo andzise kuphela imeko wembongi. Ukongeza, kwakhona kwakukho ikhefu kunye nomfazi wakhe M. F. Dubrovskoy. Apollon Aleksandrovich eliya wafuna zisabonakala in iwayini. Kokubuya Orenburg, esebenza ngayo, kodwa iziphazamiso. Grigoriev ukuthintelwa kufutshane amaqela yoncwadi, wayefuna nje ukuba ukukhonza zobugcisa.

Ukufa A. A. Grigoreva

Ngowe-1864 Apollonu Aleksandrovichu kwafuneka ukuba ukukhonza kabini entolongweni unetyala ngayo. amava Completely zaphela ngokweemvakalelo, eSt Petersburg yi zestrowuku wafa Apollon Grigoriev. ngobomi bakhe iphela September 25, 1864.