Imbali ukuvela imithambo. athleticism

Imithambo yomzimba - inkqubo umthambo eliye lakhula eGrisi yamandulo ngaphambi kwexesha lethu. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini ngemvelaphi yegama. I wokuqala - "COLLEGE", bona bubonakala "umqeqeshi" okanye "uqeqesho". Okwesibini: "gimnos" - "ze" kuba ngokwenza ngaphandle iimpahla umthambo kwanamaGrike.

Nangona ukuzilolonga kuquka zomkhosi imithambo, zophuhliso jikelele, ukukhwela ihashe, ukudanisa isiko, yokuqubha. Wawuhlanganisa Kwakhona abo senzeka kwi kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki: baleka, ukulwa, ukutsiba, ukulwa ngenqindi, ilahle, bekhwele ezinqwelweni.

Imbali ukuvela imithambo

Ukuwa uBukhosi baseRoma negalelo kuphuhliso scholasticism, obscurantism, ukwenjenjalo ngokuthobeka kwentliziyo, ebezikuyo imithambo (kwakunye nezinye impumelelo zobugcisa nenkcubeko yakudala) lilityelweyo. Ngowe XIV-XV eminyaka. zobuntu lusekiwe. ingcamango Public yayijoliswe ukukhusela isidima kunye nenkululeko zonke-round uphuhliso ubuntu, yaye ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kuhlawulwa impilo yomzimba. Kuphela ke uyobe abantu kwakhona ubuyeleyo inkcubeko amandulo, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuqalisa kwinkqubo yemfundo yaye ecaleni kwakhe ngokwasemzimbeni - imithambo.

indawo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso imisebenzi yayo yenzululwazi kunye nemisebenzi ababhali, zobulumko, oogqirha. Umzekelo, umsebenzi igqirha Italian Jerome Merkurialisa "Ngomhla ubugcisa imithambo", iinoveli ngumbhali Fransua Rable, imisebenzi Pestalozzi (teacher Swiss), uJean-Jacques Rousseau (utitshala French sobulumko).

Xa XVIII - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Germany Uvele ngokuthanda abantu abaye udale izikolo esigxininisa uqeqesho ngokwasemzimbeni - imithambo. Le mithambo ziye kwadalwa kufanelekile of G. and I. Guts, Mutsu. Kananjalo bafundisa.

womzimba German FL Jan yaqulunqa "Tour" system. Ezi ziquka imithambo kwi bar tye, nemisesane, bar tyaba, nemivalo ngaxeshanye, ihashe. Yaphela kanjalo kwimbali yamandulo ukuvela imithambo. Photo of omnye abameli lezemidlalo mihla ibekwe ngezantsi.

Imithambo yomzimba njengomdlalo

Ngowe-1817, abafundi F. Amorosa zaye zabanjwa uhlanga phambi kokuba uluntu Paris. Ngowe-1859, ukuzama ukuvuselela kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki ziye zathathwa. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa imbali ukuvela imithambo njengomdlalo.

Nokuba abafundi Jan F. kunye M. Miroslav kuyibeka zaye Wayilinganisa amandla, bakhuphisana imithambo. Kodwa wabona imithambo yezemidlalo kuphela ngo-1896, xa kufakwa kwiprogram Olimpiki. Isiseko zokhuphiswano okuqala igumbi, usebenzisa ngezinto zokusebenza. Ngowe-1932 kwaye kongezwa ugqatso lokubaleka, wadubula ubeke, enjengokugwencela intambo.

Imbali ukuvela imithambo ithi ixesha elide kwi-Olimpiki abangama ngabantu, yaye kuphela ukusukela ngo-1928 - amabhinqa. Ekuqaleni - kukhuphiswano iqela, yaye ekugqibeleni zodwa.

Njani International Federation

Ngowe-1881, i-Association yaseYurophu kwasekwa. Le nto ndiyibhalayo eBelgium, eFransi, Netherlands. Kuye iyandiswa ngokukhawuleza, yaye ngowe-1897 ukuba uhlelwe i-International Gymnastics Federation (Isazobe). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku oko kuquka amazwe 122. Yena, ke, ulilungu le-General Association of Imidlalo iimanyano International elivunywe IOC (weKomiti Olimpiki International). Isakhiwo iqulathe Isazobe yesigqeba kunye neekomiti zobugcisa kwijiminastiki, aerobics, ngolwaa ikhomishini, jump. amalungu azo akhethwa qho emva kweminyaka emine.

modernity

Kukhuphiswano lokuqala kwihlabathi kwijiminastiki baqala ukubathwala ngo-1903. Iimbaleki bakhuphisana kwiqela, ngoko lobuntshatsheli ngamnye. De kwangowe-1996, i-nxaxheba wenza imithambo njengoko ayisosinyanzelo kwaye random. Emva koko, le program kuphela oseleyo wokugqibela.

Imithambo yomzimba, imbali kunye nophuhliso uya kude emva Kwamandulo, kutshanje uye waphila eYurophu. Championships yaseYurophu ziye zabanjwa phakathi kwamadoda ngo-1955 kunye nabasetyhini - ngo-1957 waba ngaphandle kwitumente ngamnye. Ukususela ngo-1994 - nkqu team.

E Luxembourg, i-Congress ibandla ngowe-1982, nto leyo wagqiba ekubeni kusekwe European Union of Gymnastics. Yena wayenza kuphuhliso, ukuphuculwa, kunyebeleziso imithambo eYurophu. Njengoko kwimbali ukuvela imithambo, oku, ezemidlalo emangalisayo umdla iye yaziswa kuphela emva kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka, lobuntshatsheli yaseYurophu kunye nehlabathi, kodwa kwiitumente ngamazwe, ukhuphiswano yezwekazi.

umzimba-ukwakha

Bonisani benemizimba (iintsimbi, dumbbells, barbells) - oku imithambo kwezemidlalo, imbali isiganeko buqala ngenkulungwane IV BC. e. Injongo - ukukhuthaza ezempilo, uphuhliso kwezihlunu.

Ukuze inxaxheba kukhuphiswano eGrisi yamandulo, iimbaleki bavunyelwa ukuba ukuphakamisa umthwalo onzima. imithambo ezizodwa izinto zemithambo sele ziphuhlisiwe. Okokuqala, ukuba afakwe inkqubo yabasebenzi, ukulwa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mdlalo waba kubonisa inkcubeko. In XIX-XX iinkulungwane. livelise iinzuzo ezininzi ukusebenzisa inkcazo kuphuhliso amaqela izihlunu kunye iintsimbi. Kukho umdla, abantu abanamandla eqatha. Zabanjwa lobuntshatsheli yokuqala phakathi weightlifters, wrestlers.

Athleticism eRussia

Imbali ukuvela imithambo kakhulu enxibelelene ne igama gqirha V. M. Kraevskogo. Ngowe-1885 esehlela isangqa lwecala engahlawulwayo. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini kamva, eSt Petersburg wavula uluntu lokuqala. Kodwa emva 1917 athleticism zize kwisiqalo. Ngokukhawuleza ekuphuhliseni ezinye imidlalo ngamandla.

Umendo Uphuhliso imithambo weembaleki eRashiya kwakunzima. Ngenxa yezizathu eceleni abanxibe impahla umsebenzi ingqalelo iyingozi, kodwa ngowe-1987, weightlifter Yu. P. Vlasov wenza i All-Union Federation of athleticism.