Imbali Lweminyaka zeswekile, imveliso ngaphandle apho asikwazi ukwenza

iinzuzo kwiimeko zithile okanye ukuqina iingozi zeswekile impilo yabantu, izazinzulu kudala kuphikiswana. Ngoko esiya kuthi, ukuba le mveliso phantse enobuhlungu, ngoko athi - a ilikhubalo lokunyanga zonke izifo (ngasendleleni, lakhe waza waqalisa ukuba bafake izicelo iyeza). Oko - uju olumnandi, ngoko - esimhlophe. Ke thina siya sukela kugqithise, kuba ngoku musa ukuya ngayo. Yintoni imbali iswekile, le mveliso kuyimfuneko kuthi? Malunga phi xa wabonakala, khangela eli nqaku.

Imbali Lweminyaka eswekile imifanekiso

Naxa India yamandulo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-5000 eyadlulayo, wafunda ukuba simunce kwisityalo - umoba. amadoda amakhulu, wangena ezweni India, warhola ingqalelo into engaziwayo kubo, nzima, ngohlobo ziikristale ezincinane, incasa elithozamisayo. Yaba iswekile ekrwada, ngolokuqala ngasentla, apho waqalisa imbali iswekile. Onesicritus, le mbali ongumGrike, ababehamba komjikelo yokumkani, ndabethwa gqitha yinto yokuba ubusi unika udondolo, kwaye ngaphandle koncedo leenyosi, malunga abazixelayo kwingxelo yakhe.

Ngo-Indiya, i-ziikristale esimnandi ephuma juice umoba gesi, eyaziwa ngokuba "Saqqara" (ngokoqobo - intlabathi okanye iingqalutye). I Ingcambu ilizwi kunye wangena kamva ngeelwimi ezininzi zehlabathi. Ngapha koko, khangela kuyo yonke loo iswekile kunye ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo ezingephi ebizwa phantse efanayo! Eli libali leswekile, njengoko la mazwi.

Imvelaphi umoba

Esi sityalo nokulinywa ngenxa yabo, mhlawumbi, ngexesha uluntu nobu-, ukususela maxesha amandulo. Ngokutsho data ekhoyo inzululwazi, indawo awazalelwa kuyo umoba ekuveliseni zeswekile - New Guinea. Ngaphezu koko, iye Wayitwabulula phezu ziqithi, eya Indiya kunye neTshayina, nto leyo nayo iye ephawulekayo wavuka baqhele kwaye sasilinywa. Xa Arab Kwathi evela eIndiya, kwaye sele BC apho zakhula ukuze bafumane nomkhenkce omlingo emhlophe. NamaPersi afunda ukwenza iswekile esulungekisiweyo ukusuka ikrwada ngenxa yokupheka ngokuphindaphindiweyo imveliso. BaseYurophu wayeqhelene isityalo kunye nezakhi zayo - iswekile - ukusuka Arabhu efanayo kwaye kuxhotyiswe kumasimi ekoko e Madeira kunye Canary Islands. Yaba linge inzuzo enkulu. Umzekelo, eNgilani, umzekelo, sele ngenkulungwane ye-14 a okukhona iponti wabanika iimina 44 imali.

Zindwendwe neswekile

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama engamawaka amabini eyadlulayo namaPersi baqale ukwenza iswekile Arabiya, Egypt lweMeditera. Ngokutsho uPliny, ngaloo mihla, iswekile evela ngohlobo ezimhlophe ezincinci (ubungakanani Anut) amaqhosha kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu amayeza. Ngendlela eqinileyo, imveliso kulula ukuba emayihanjiswe imigama emide. Iqala ubonelelo yayo ngabahambi nge Central Asia ze emva koko kwi amazibuko lweMeditera ukusuka apho - eGrisi neRoma.

NgamaXesha Aphakathi kunye Renaissance

Imbali iswekile kwi "mnyama" abanemvume: le mveliso kugqalwa iyeza waza wathengisa ikakhulu ezikhemisti. Noko ke, abanye ababhali-mbali bathi oogqirha wenze njengoko noonovenkile ethengisa abemi sweet esisityebi. Christian Europe angayithatheli ngqalelo le mveliso, nto leyo ngcembe ekuqaleni ukuya ukusasazeka kwayo kwiinkundla yasebukhosini kunye namatheko. Kukholelwa ukuba indima enkulu ukusasazeka iswekile eYurophu, wayedlala Crusaders. Yayilixesha yokuqala vula ukuba amaYurophu Arab ummoba ziindawo zokutyala ePalestina, Syria. Ngenxa inxaxheba umoba lwabo luhlala kumazantsi eItali France.

Ngenkulungwane ye-15, Venice wazalwa processing imveliso sokuza ekrwada ukusuka kurhwebo ne India. iswekile esulungekisiweyo kuthatha phezu imilo etsobhileyo kwaye ithunyelwe uhambo lwayo ngakumbi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Enye urhwebo eyinkunzi kunye nokulungiswa kwemveliso uba Portuguese Lisbon.

Ngokoyisa Melika naseYurophu

A ithuba elibukhali kwi "iswekile" amabali - eloyisile Yehlabathi Elitsha. Columbus e Santo Domingo ezityalwe yeziqholo Canarian ukuba imveliso iilekese. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, kuye kubekho mveliso ngaphezu amabini ukuvelisa iswekile ekrwada uze nokunyanga ngayo. Cortes kuzisa umoba eMexico nasemasimini Mexican nazo kakhulu. imveliso Sweet kuveza Brazil, Peru kunye namanye amazwe, nto leyo nayo kuhlawulwa yi-kumasimi iswekile. EYurophu, eli shishini kancinci emva. Phantse nenkulungwane kamva, elidityaniswe kuyo lombutho isityalo, France kunye Portugal, Italy ne Spain.

tour World

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, lo kuqala uhambo ehlabathini jikelele yeswekile! Sathatha iminyaka eliwaka embalwa. Ukuqala kunye Pacific Islands, iswekile woyisa onke amazwekazi, ngoku - imveliso International ngasekunene.

Imbali eswekile Russia

Imveliso okokuqala ufumana eRashiya ngaxesha ngenkulungwane ye-12, kodwa ekuqaleni akazange kwendelisela iingcambu, akukho mfuneko, njengoko bathi, etafileni. imveliso phesheya kuvela etafileni yokumkani ngenkulungwane ye-16, ngenxa kuphuhliso kwindlela yorhwebo ulwandle nge Arkhangelsk. Ibali lokwenyani iswekile eRashiya yaqala phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-17 (kodwa ngo vogue - iti nekofu). imveliso Sweet lenyuka izinto ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kodwa emva koko isahleli ingafikeleleki kwaye luyabiza.

Tsar uPetros izama ukusombulula ingxaki xa efuna enye yabathengisi ukuvula nokugcina ngeendleko zayo-mveliso iswekile (nokuba wakhupha umthetho ngalo mba). Kangangexesha elithile yokungenisa iswekile luyekisiwe kwaye endaweni yi imveliso yasekhaya ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa isantya ebango kuyaqhubeka kukhula, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-18, abenzi ezo unwele ubuchopho babo ukuze bafumane umthombo entsha zempahla ekrwada. Kwakhethwa kuqala Beet nemveliso iswekile-equlethe. Le emifuno utshintsh- ngempumelelo intsimi zokukhokhela yeziqholo kusinda. Ukususela ngoko, iswekile ngaphandle ekugqibeleni indawo yasekhaya. Eli libali leswekile - abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ziyafana zonke, - eyona nto iphambili ukuba lo ubumnandi ibalulekile kwaye iyimfuneko ukuze imveliso uluntu, ngaphandle apho sele kunzima ukukwenza!