Iintsomi Amabali laseYiputa Ancient. Iintsomi umYiputa: maqhawe abayichaza

Iintsomi zaseYiputa wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi iphiramidi labantu. Inani labemi babekholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba amaqhawe amavo zixhomekeke ngenxa nakwizibetho zabo. intsomi Egyptian enemvelaphi yayo elide phambi kokuba kuphuhliso impucuko. Sisihlandlo sokuqala woothixo namabali asusela kwixesha kwiminyaka 5000 BC.

Iintsomi zaseYiputa ezineefitsha ukuba ahluke kuzo zeemposiso zezinye izizwe. Okokuqala, oko ukunqulwa kwabafileyo kunye kokufa, kwaye deification izilwanyana. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, neentsomi laseYiputa yatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke iminqweno ubukhosi elilawulayo. UFaro elimiswe ngayo ukunqulwa uthixo, ngubani na umxhasi ngohlobo lwayo.

Ukufunda kwiintsomi zaseYiputa

Ukufunda kwiintsomi zaseYiputa nzima into yokuba imithombo ezinokusinceda ukugubungela lo mba ezi ntetho data ezahlukeneyo ezingaphelelanga unsystematic. amaxwebhu afumaneka Ngamaxesha ezintsha ziyalungiswa, amabali kunye iitekisi ngokutsha rhoqo babo. Ngokusisiseko, iintsomi samandulo saseYiputa bafunda neengxelo iindonga kwamangcwaba neetempile, amaculo nemithandazo.

Ezikhumbuzo kakhulu, ebonisa izimvo amaYiputa amandulo :

• "Bayawa Iitekisi" - umbhalo bekwenziwe ngako ezindongeni ngaphakathi iiphiramidi. Aqulathe izithethe yasebukhosini omngcwabo. Iileta yomhla XXVI-XXIII kwiinkulungwane BC ube lilungu V kunye VI amakhosi of koFaro.
• "Iitekisi Coffin" - ukubhala phezu nabizayo. Baya asusela xxi-XVIII kwiinkulungwane BC.
• "Book of the Dead" - ingqokelela imithandazo kunye neetekisi zonqulo, zibekwe kwi lomngcwabo zonke umYiputa. Yaqala ukuya kwithuba ukususela BC ngenkulungwane XVI, ekupheleni ezimbalini zeJiputa.

LaseYiputa, Kwiintsomi, oothixo - ukufunda ingqiqo twi esingethe umbandela eziliqela izazinzulu.

Ngoothixo Egypt Ancient

Amon - uthixo kakhulu iziqu kwisixeko uAmoni. On imifanekiso yamandulo ivela ngokobuntu. Intloko yakhe jize ngeentsiba ezimbini ubude. Ungayifumana umfanekiso wakhe entloko yegusha, isilwanyana engcwele. Kwinkulungwane XVIII yaba uthixo ephakamileyo. UAmon ukubukelwa ngamandla yasebukhosini futhi wanceda win uloyiso kwiimfazwe.

Anubis -. UThixo lemimoya kwi III kwiwaka BC. e. Waza waqala ukufunda kokubini njengomlawuli kwabafileyo. Yena uchazwa njengomntu intloko lande omnyama. Anubis wayenqulwa ingakumbi Kinopol.

Apis - isilwanyana engcwele, inkunzi. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba nguye ngumfuziselo yasemhlabeni uthixo wenzala. Bull wayephila ubomi bakhe bonke etempileni eNofu, yaye emva kokufa yakhe zavala apho.

Aton - uthixo, ogama nehlelo ubonakele ebudeni bolawulo Akhenaten. Waye zimelwe ngokomfanekiselo kwelanga. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba limela umoya kaFaro ungasekhoyo, uyise Akhenaten kaThixo.

NjengoAtum - uthixo, ingakumbi iziqu kwisixeko waseOni. Yena obumntwisiweyo umanyano olungunaphakade izinto zonke. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba ngumdali wehlabathi. Ebudeni bolawulo Dynasty V, weza uphawu uthixo welanga.

Ba - unkulunkulu personifying iimvakalelo zabantu iimvakalelo. Lanikwa ezililize. Le ndoda ikulo neentsomi intlama na enxulumene izithixo. Ba ubhalo kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka isimo umzimba wenyama. Emva kokufa kwakhe, kwaba malunga intliziyo ofileyo, uze emva koko yeyela bubuthongo ecubhukile. Nkulunkulu onokufaniswa ingcamango mihla "umphefumlo."

Geb - umxhasi uthixo komhlaba. Kwakhona kwakukholelwa ukuba likhusela abafileyo. Iintsomi malunga oothixo baseYiputa bathi - kokuzala kwakhe uSete, uOsiris, Isis kunye Nephthys. Kumanani echaza njengoko indoda endala kunye ngeendevu.

Ka imele umfanekiso womntu. Kuyinto umoya ohamba naye ubomi bakhe kunye nokufa. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba ungena yonke into enxulumene umntu zonke izinto nezidalwa. Kwiintsomi wachaza ukuba kukho iingalo phezulu-bayavuswa, igotywe iingalo.

Min - uthixo, ingakumbi ziyanqulwa Coptos. Yena axhasa ukuzala inika isivuno. Ming Kwakhona wanceda Imiqodi endleleni.

Mont - uthixo uvezwa intloko ukhozi leyo. Yena ingakumbi ziyanqulwa kwiidolophu neValley Germont. Montu negalelo uloyiso likaFaro kwiimfazwe.

Osiris - kaThixo, neNkosi yethu lemimoya. Iziko yehlelo lakhe kwisixeko Abydos.

Ptah - uthixo lowo Wazithiya amagama uAdam zonke izinto, waza wadala abanye oothixo. Ngakumbi kakhulu eNofu.

Ra - uthixo mkhulu kwelanga. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba yena nguyise wabo bonke baseYiputa. yehlelo lakhe waseOni.

Sebek - host uthixo amanzi kunye nomthombo wenzala. Yena uvezwa intloko nengwenya. Ngokukodwa ke wayesoyikwa kwi Fayum eMeribha.

NguSete - umxhasi uthixo izaqhwithi kunye entlango, uthixo umkhuseli ka Ra. Kwakhona kwakukholelwa ukuba nguye yomntu.

One - uthixo yenyanga kunye nobulumko. On imizobo yakhe uvezwa intloko ye-Inkonde. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba wenza zamagama kwikhalenda. It ingakumbi amoyika kwisixeko Hermopolis.

Hapi - uthixo uchazwa njengomntu epheleleyo ngesitya esandleni sakhe, ukusuka apho amanzi. Yena obumntwisiweyo kwezikhukhula zeNayile.

Khnum - uthixo umgcini iNayile. Kwakhona kwakukholelwa ukuba wadala uluntu ngodongwe. Lakhe uvezwa entloko yenkunzi yegusha leyo. Ingakumbi saziswa Esna.

Hounsou - ke uthixo uvezwa intloko ukhetshe okanye indoda iceba kwenyanga phezu kwentloko yakhe. Yena wayesoyikwa egqirheni.

Ikwayara - uthixo lobukumkani. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba uFaro elibusayo kokufa basemhlabeni.

Shu - uthixo zezulu. Kwakhona, yena wayesoyikwa umxhasi ongcwele ilanga emini. Nguye lo mzalwana kunye nomyeni uthixokazi Tefnut.

Yah - umxhasi uthixo kwenyanga. Ingakumbi saziswa Hermopolis.

Isithixokazi Egypt Ancient

Isis - uthixokazi owayengumfazi Osiris. Yaba Kungakuhle ukuba ubufazi. Isis umxhasi ngumama kunye nabantwana. yehlelo lakhe kwanda nangaphandle eYiputa.

Isithixokazi laseYiputa Ancient yi Bastet - lo patroness yokonwabela kunye nothando. Yena uvezwa intloko cat. Bastet wayenqulwa ingakumbi Bubastis.

Maat - uthixokazi okukhombisa inyaniso nobulungisa. Waye uvezwa uphaphe exabileyo iinwele ezinde.

Mut - uthixokazi ukumkanikazi wezulu. Waye uvezwa izizithsaba ezimbini isitampu entloko. Muth, njengabathile tempile wothixokazi yamandulo zaseYiputa, abakhusela ngumama. Yena Bayinqula namarhataa, kuba kwakukholelwa ukuba unika ilungelo ukulawula eYiputa.

Nate - yothixokazi wadala ihlabathi. Kwisixeko Sens babekholelwa ukuba kuyanceda emfazweni nokuzingela.

Nephthys, okanye Nebethet - isithixokazi zokufa. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba yena nguye umbhali amaculo ezininzi ezilusizi kunye nemithandazo. Ngaphandle koku, oku kwakhona wayesoyikwa nothixokazi ngesini. In the amanani oko uchazwa umfazi uyilo engaqhelekanga phezu kwentloko, equka indlu, nto leyo ebekwa yi ingobozi yokwakha. Olu phawu yinxalenye eyayimela ngamaYiputa amandulo.

Nehbet - kwanetempile yothixokazi ukunceda ngethuba lokubeleka. Yena baboniswa kweza kuye umfazi enehlala isithsaba emhlophe kunye nexhalanga phezu kwentloko yakhe. Ungafumana imifanekiso apho inikwa elimile yephepha. Nehbet ngokukodwa amoyika e om, ikomkhulu Upper Egypt.

Chickpea okanye Well - isithixokazi bezulu. Wazala Isis, Nephthys, uOsiris kunye elinguSete. inokufumaneka emibini imifanekiso yalo amanani: kwethokazi yasezulwini yaye umfazi yachukumisa emhlabeni kunye izandla neenyawo zakhe.

Sekhmet - uthixokazi umfazi Ptah. Waye ingqalelo ngumncedi emfazweni amelwe ubushushu elangeni. yehlelo wakhe eNofu.

Taweret - kwanetempile yothixokazi ukunceda ngexesha ngemigudu Liquka ukuchuma ababhinqileyo. Kumanani ukuba baboniswa nemvubu nemazi emi imilenze yangasemva. umfanekiso wakhe ingafunyanwa kwi ngamakhubalo, ngokuba wancedwa ukuba azigxothe imimoya emdaka.

Tefnut - uthixokazi-umkhuseli ubushushu nokufuma. Naye ayiqabe intloko yengonyama. yehlelo wakhe waba Tefnut.

Wadjet - isithixokazi, uchazwa nje cobra. amoyika lwalo kwisixeko Pe-Dep. Wadjet waye isimntwiso kwamandla kaFaro.

Hathor - isithixokazi umculo kunye nothando. Kumanani kubonakala Inkomo iimpondo phezu kwentloko yakhe. yehlelo wakhe waba Dendera.

Iinkolelo laseYiputa Ancient

Egypt intsomi waqala ukwenza kwi-owuva VI-IV. BC. e. Kwimimandla ehlukeneyo yelizwe kwakhiwa yonk 'into yaso oothixo wadala ihlelo kobuThixo yayo. elapha emhlabeni woothixo ivela izilwanyana, izityalo, imizimba yasezulwini, ngeziganeko zendalo.

iintsomi zaseYiputa bathi ihlabathi yaba isibhakabhaka evuzayo yamanzi, leyo wayizalela igama kaNun. Out of chaos zavela unkulunkulu wadala izulu nomhlaba, izityalo, izilwanyana, abantu. Sun waba nguthixo Ra, ngubani kuphuma intyatyambo Lotus. Ukuba uthe wavutha kakhulu ngumsindo, ngoko emhlabeni kweza ubushushu kunye nembalela. Abantu babekholelwa ukuba oothixo waba ooFaro kuqala.

Kodwa Egyptian intsomi indalo ayikho libali enye. Isiganeko efanayo linokuchazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye izithixo thaca emikhakheni ezahlukeneyo.

Creation intsomi

E eYiputa, kwakukho ezintathu zonqulo iziko emikhulu - eNofu, Heliopolis kunye Hermopolis. Xa ngamnye kubo kwakukho luguqulelo oluphambi imvelaphi behlabathi.

WaseOni ngakumbi banqula uthixo kwelanga. Egyptian intsomi malunga nokudalwa ihlabathi ababingeleli basekuhlaleni yayisekelwe yehlelo lakhe. Ayekholelwa ukuba uthixo njengoAtum kuphuma umzimba ngamanzi amandla ukuthanda kwakhe, ukuba avuke amanzi ilitye engcwele, ogama Benben. Ekubeni wanyukela phezulu kwayo, uthixo njengoAtum wazala Shu uthixo ukufuma komoya nothixokazi Tefnut, ngubani na ke wazala emhlabeni uthixo Geb kunye uthixokazi isibhakabhaka Nut. Ezi lifaniswa isiseko indalo. Emva kokuba sizalwe uOsiris, uSete, Isis kunye Nephthys ukusukela umanyano yamantongomane and Geb. oothixo abane beza ukuthatha entlango uludlolo nentlambo iNayile echumayo.

In Hermopolis ekholelwa ukuba umseki wehlabathi yaqala oothixo ezisibhozo - ogloada. Kwakugcwele ababhinqileyo ezine kunye izithixo ezine eyindoda. Naunet kaNun zabonisa Haunet amanzi kunye Hu - space Kaunet Cook kunye - amunet ubumnyama noAmon - moya. oothixo abasibhozo baba abazali uthixo kwelanga, owasinikayo kukukhanya kwehlabathi.

nge umahluko mnye Legend Memphis Germopolisnuyu efanayo, kodwa - uthixo Ptah weza uthixo kwelanga. Le yokugqibela wadalwa nentliziyo Nolwimi Ptah.

Osiris in Ancient Egypt kwiintsomi

Heroes iintsomi zaseYiputa uninzi bambi, eyona idumileyo - Osiris. Yena axhasa ezolimo kunye iwayini.

Ngokutsho legend, yena waye umlawuli weJiputa. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, eli lizwe nempumelelo. I waye enomnakwabo aselula uOsiris, uSete, ababefuna ukuzuza amandla. Wayefuna ukwenza oku nge ukubulala.

Isis, udade owayengumfazi uOsiris, ixesha elide elinde umzimba yendoda yakhe. Emva koko uzala unyana, wambiza ngokuba Gore. Esithendeni, yena iyawuqhayisela USeti siyavuka Osiris. Kodwa ke yokugqibela akazange afune ukuhlala phakathi kwabantu, waba ngumlawuli kwelabafileyo.

Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba sisithethe yomngcwabo mntu uswelekileyo ziya akuhloniphe yonke imithetho, ngoko ke uya kukwazi ukuba bafumane ubomi obungunaphakade, njengo Osiris.

Nile e Egypt iyachazwa kwiintsomi yamandulo

Egyptian Mythology awukwazi ukubakhona ngaphandle kumabali iNayile, nto leyo wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu inkangeleko yimpucuko yamandulo.

Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba umzimba engcwele amanzi enxulumene kubantu, izulu kwelabafileyo. Lo mlambo, ujikeleze lonke ilizwe, obumntwisiweyo uthixo Hapi. Xa yokugqibela kwi mood elungileyo, ngoko ke Imveliso esuka kunxweme lomlambo, kwaye ayegcwele ukufuma komhlaba, eyenza kube lula bazityalele imifuno.

Omlambo wahlala oomoya ezahlukeneyo ngoobani abantu ngohlobo izilwanyana: amasele, noonomadudwane, iingwenya kunye ndyoka.

Iintsomi ngoThixo Ra

Iintsomi ezininzi zaseYiputa Bothetha uthixo Ra. Abanye babo bathi abantu isuka iinyembezi kaThixo. Amehlo akhe namandla isimboli kwimizobo yaseYiputa. Ungafumana imifanekiso zabo iibhokisi, impahla, namakhubalo. Amehlo Ra bahlala ngokwahlukeneyo emzimbeni wakhe. Iliso Ilungelo wakwazi yokususa iqela, kwaye ekhohlo - okuphilisa kugula.

Iintsomi malunga oothixo baseYiputa ndithi amabali emangalisayo apho iliso Osiris ukhonza umlinganiswa ngamnye okanye into.

Ngokomzekelo, xa legend mnye, Ra wadala indalo, akukho efanayo kwilizwe lethu, waza wambeka khona oothixo nabantu. Emva kwexesha elithile, abahlali bagqiba ukuba balungelelanise iphela ngaye iyelenqe. Kodwa Ra ubuyazi loo nto waza wagqiba ukohlwaya abenzi bobubi. Ukuba wabaqokelela bonke oothixo, yena wathetha kubo: "Nina bambi! Mna ndadala abantu emehlweni am, kwaye badibene ububi ngam! "Emva la mazwi, Ra baphosa abantu amehlo akho, abawabelwayo uhlobo uthixokazi Hathor-Sekhmet. Yena awaqhubana ngayo nabantu, kodwa unomdla mzuzu, nendlela Ra bamphose iliso lakho.

Kwenye intsomi, Ra unika isithixokazi lakhe iliso Basti, ukuba amncede ekulweni inyoka embi. Kukho legend, apho Ra iliso bunxulunyaniswa uthixokazi Tefnut. Wayesele ebenomsindo kuThixo, waza waya entlango yedwa. Kukho amakhulu yeentsomi ezinjalo apho Ra iliso isisifundo eyahlukileyo, kubonakala kuhle ukuba umntu mihla.

Amabali neentsomi malunga iiphiramidi umYiputa

Umbuzo of ukwakha indlela iiphiramidi eYiputa yamandulo, yokuthuthumbisa abaphandi kunye mbali ukususela. Sibeka phambili ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kodwa njengoko kwakunjalo eneneni, akukho bani owaziyo.

Kukho iinkolelo ezininzi malunga imbonakalo iiphiramidi kunye nenjongo yazo. Enye legend uthi iiphiramidi zakhiwa ukugcina ubuncwane. Kodwa ukuba oku kunjalo, ngoko indoda mihla abasayi kuba nako ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwayo. Emva kokuba bonke ubuncwane akwazi ibiwe ngamaxesha amandulo.

Ukwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo kunzima, nkqu ngoncedo zobugcisa zale mihla. amaYiputa amandulo wenza njani oko? Iiphiramidi eyakhiwe ngeebhloko ukuqhubekekiswa eDibanisa ngokucocekileyo ngaphezulu kwenye nenye. emacaleni azo utsaleleka yi iinkwenkwezi. Ngoko ke, wabeka phambili uguqulelo malunga nemvelaphi ohlala of iiphiramidi.

Kukho iinkolelo ukuba iiphiramidi zakhiwa ngaphambi koMkhukula Omkhulu Atlanta ukugcina ulwazi impucuko lwabo. Kodwa ukubonisa oko kude kungabikho muntu.

Kucacile ukuba ngaloo mihla abantu ayikwazanga ukwenza isakhiwo efanayo. Le mfihlelo iza kuzama ukuyisombulula ixesha elide. Akwaziwa nokuba uya kukwazi ukwenza oko.

Eyayimela kunye ezafakwa

Eyayimela laseYiputa yamandulo ezinxulumene ngamandla unqulo kunye iintsomi. Abantu kuziguqulela oothixo ulwimi ekhethekileyo. Yiyiphi ibonisiwe eyayimela kuqala. Baba uhlobo kwezidalwa izinto.

Ngokutsho legend, uthixo Anathoti ngokohlobo nabadlali iziseko iphela kunye nolwazi. Oku kucingwa ukuba ukuvela yokubhala zaseYiputa.

Nababingeleli ukuze imifanekiso nyaniso kaThixo wazoba amanani lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ezingqondweni zabo ukwazi ukuba uThixo usinike, kufuneka luboniswe ngendlela elula. Umzekelo, ingqikelelo yexesha ingachazwa njengento ongxamayo, lokuhlanganisa nayo. Ifundisa ukukhuthala, ukudala iziganeko, yaye ekugqibeleni azitshabalalise. Eyayimela laseYiputa yamandulo zazibonisa ingqiqo ngokohlobo inyoka ezinamaphiko ephethe umsila wayo emlonyeni - omnye umfanekiso ngenxa umfanekiso nolwazi ezintsonkothileyo.