Iintlobo necrosis, oonobangela, iimpawu, unyango kunye nothintelo

Oogqirha asoloko ukujongana umba ofana necrosis. Types, izizathu kunye nonyango kwesi sifo ngokukhuselekileyo ingabalelwa kudidi efanelekileyo uluntu ulwazi mihla. Ngapha koko, iimpawu necrosis izicwili kunye neeseli ujongene ezininzi ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kusenokuba kwesiphumo yenkqubo efana ukuba abulawe. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukufunda lo mbuzo iyavakala.

Yintoni necrosis

Eli gama kuthetha iiseli necrosis kwi babantu lokugqibela bayeke imisebenzi yabo. Okt ukukwazi ukuba uhlala kwindawo ethile umzimba emva kokuba inkqubo necrotic akusekho kunokwenzeka.

Phantse zonke iintlobo necrosis kubonakala ngenxa yempembelelo sibangela sinamandla kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuba ukwimeko enjalo ibangela stimulus buthathaka. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka inyathelo engapheliyo zibangela umonakalo omkhulu. Ngokomzekelo, uphuhliso kade kufuneka kukhokela inguqu ingathityazwa muscular vuhlayiseki. Loo nkqubo yahlulwe amanyathelo aliqela iqhosha. Kumalunga paranecrosis xa utshintsho kusekho ingathityazwa, necrobiosis (utshintsho ayibuyiseki umva, kodwa iiseli basaphila) kunye necrosis, apho autolysis kwenzeka.

Phantsi autolysis kufuneka ukuqonda ubunyani self-ukwetyisa izicwili kunye neeseli abaye bafa ngenxa yeziphumo enqanda ezithile. Enyanisweni, le nkqubo kuyimfuneko kakhulu umzimba, kuba loo nto yenza kube lula ukugqiba impiliso emva necrosis.

Ifuthe imiba eyahlukeneyo

Xa befunda le topic, bekuya kuba sengqiqweni ukutsala ingqalelo izinto kungakhokelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo necrosis kuvela. Olu luhlu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- Intaba-mlilo. Amaqondo ngaphantsi kwenqanaba -10 ° C okanye elingaphezu inqanaba + 60 ° C.

- Mechanical. It yaphula, abenze, obukhulu.

- kwegazi. Oku malunga nokupheliswa wegazi unikezelo kwindawo ethile yomzimba ngenxa obliteration benqanawa okanye spasm elide. Inqanawa kwakhona kakhulu zixinaniswe ngamandla ukulawula okanye kuvalwe i thrombus. Asinako ngaphandle ifuthe nethumba.

- Electric. Phezu ukuqhagamshelana njengomothuko umzimba kuchaphazela ubushushu kakhulu, ebangela iseli necrosis.

- Toxic. iintlobo ezithile necrosis ukuba zibangelwa yi-ukuwa micro-eziphilayo okanye iimpembelelo imveliso yawo inkunkuma.

- Neurogenic. Ngenxa umonakalo komboko spinal nemithambo uthambo kwasekwa izilonda.

- Chemical. Eli qela yezinto kuquka Ukuveza alkalis kunye asidi. Okokuqala ichithwe ngeeproteni ngaloo manzi necrosis liquefactive. Owesibini unobangela coagulation ye iiproteni kunye kukhokelela kuphuhliso owomileyo coagulation necrosis.

Njengoko kubonakala, ezahlukeneyo izinto kuchaphazela imeko iiseli.

imihlobo necrosis

Necrosis izicwili kunye neeseli ngazo ngokwayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Neeyantlukwano ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu. Nazi yeyona ixhaphakileyo necrosis Iintlobo:

- ukubola. Le necrosis izicwili ukuba zihlanganiswe yemeko ezisingqongileyo. Kunokuba owomileyo (necrosis coagulative) okanye ezimanzi (umcu intshabalalo kollikvatsionnoe). Kukho kwakhona ifom igesi, ngenxa yempembelelo ezincinane ibihlungu-bokwakha.

- wokohluthwa kwempahla. Le isabelo necrotizing leyo ibekwe kwisisu sekvestralnoy wahluliwe ephilile kunye ubofu-kuhluthiswa.

- kuhlaselwa Heart. Ukufunda necrosis definition, iintlobo kunye iimpawu zesi sifo, le fomu kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo nakanjani. Lo isiza ilungu okanye izihlunu, leyo unenzondelelo necrosis ngenxa yokumiswa ngokukhawuleza ubonelelo kwegazi. Enyanisweni, sithetha ischemia. Kungenxa yesi sizathu udla ngokuba necrosis kobuchopho.

- Wet, aka kollikvatsionny. Kwimeko enjalo akakwazi ukusebenza putrefactive mikroorgnizmami ilaphu zaphela.

- Dry necrosis (coagulation). uphuhliso ayo asekelwe izihlunu degidradatsiya kunye coagulation of iiprothini. Ngolu hlobo esiqwini necrosis kuba ashinyeneyo, ukushwabana, atrophic neyomileyo. Le fomu kunzima cleavage hydrolytic kwaye kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeke phantsi kweemeko aseptic.

Iifom ngqo kunye engangqalanga immobilization

Xa ucinga necrosis, oonobangela, iimpawu, iintlobo kunye nemizekelo esi sifo kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekubonakalisweni ezimbini le ngxaki, umahluko eziphambili azezi indlela ingenzeka.

Eyokuqala kuzo - olu necrosis ngqo. Yale nkqubo, luphawu iseli ukufa ngqo kwi indawo apho iimpembelelo wonakalise arhente. Oku kube ngomatshini okanye imichiza kukwenzakala, iimpembelelo zamandla imitha, iintsholongwane kunye ityhefu azivelisayo. Oku kuquka necrosis uyalisa kunye umonakalo kwabo zeziphi ngenxa yokuvela alkalis etshabalalisayo kakhulu kunye asidi.

necrosis ngokungathanga ibukeka eyahlukileyo kancinci. Umahluko ophambili kukuba inkqubo yethishyu kunye kweeseli ukufa kwenzeka kumgama othile ukusuka kwindawo apho arhente umonakalo izenzo. Iyavakala ukuquka ezi ntlobo necrosis njengoko trofonevrotichesky kunye yegazi.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba esemncinane na uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo ngakumbi umonakalo izihlunu ngqo, nto leyo kubangelwa ikakhulu komzimba kunye imiba eyahlukeneyo abe nenkani.

ifuthe apoptosis

Olu uhlobo oluthile yoboniso yeseli Unxunguphalo kwithishyu. Yena kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ukunikela ingqalelo, ukuba injongo ukujongana nesibakala sokuba necrosis ezinjalo. Apoptosis ukusilela iindlela kuxoxwe ngasentla, isishiya udedisiwe ngenxa yokuba icebo yayo yophuhliso engaqhelekanga. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba seli ukufa kwenzeka kulo mzekelo ngenxa okuvula kwinucleus izakhi ezithile. Enyanisweni, kukho ukuzibulala kwakhe. Akusekho ngumbuzo bempembelelo ekutshatyalalisweni zahlelwa ngumzimba.

Isizathu sokuba kubandakanywe sofuzo apoptotic na ukusebenza kwe p53 protein cytoplasmic, onako ukuqhelana ezahlukeneyo izinto, bume extracellular. inkqubo okuzenzekelayo efanayo kuba rearrangements ezahlukeneyo sofuzo mutational.

Ukusuka necrosis yesiqhelo Apoptosis ungachazwa ukuba inkqubo etshabalalisayo iqala ngoko nangoko esiseleni nucleus, uze kuphela lukhuselekile ukufa cytoplasmic. Kwi-classical ifomu eyahlukileyo kuyinyaniso: ukuba kukho icytoplasm - kwinqanaba lokuqala umonakalo, kwaye kernel - lowo wokugqibela.

Omnye umahluko sihla yokuba ngexesha apoptosis ngokubulala iiseli ngamnye wonke umzimba, lo gama i-necrosis esiqhelekileyo kubandakanya ugxininiso enkulu intshabalalo.

ekuxilongweni

Ulwazi malunga ingxaki ezifana necrosis (iintlobo yeqonga, isiphumo), iya kuzisa iinzuzo ezibambekayo ukuba immobilization eziseleni okanye inyama akuyi atyhileke ngelakhe ixesha. Ngoko ke, ukusuka baphethwe wekamva yesigulane ixhomeke.

Ukuba kukho isizathu ukrokrela necrosis amalungu angaphakathi, ezi ndidi zilandelayo zophando kufuneka kwenziwe:

- X-reyi;

- MRI;

- radioisotope ukuskena;

- ngekhompyutha Itomography.

Ngezi ndlela ke unako ukuchaza ubungakanani ngqo kunye nendawo kummandla ochaphazelekayo. Ukuhlolwa ngolo hlobo ukulungisa utshintsho eziyingozi lwesakhiwo inyama kwaye ngokuchanekileyo amisele uhlobo sifo, kwaye isigaba yayo.

umphumela

Ingxaki ezifana necrosis, ukuze abe kwisigqibo eziliqela esinengqondo.

Eyokuqala - kukufakwa izihlunu necrotic, elandelwa bachache ngokupheleleyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuphiliswa kwiindawo ezincinane necrosis esibindini okanye esikhumbeni.

Xa ucinga isigaba necrosis, iintlobo, eqala kunye neziphumo zesi sifo xa bebonke, kufuneka ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo into yokuba ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo ukufa kweeseli iphela resorption kunye ekumisweni amabala. Oku kuba kukuqulungana phezu eluswini emva kokuba sesichengeni imiba thermal okanye imichiza, ngokunjalo, azafunyanelwa ndawo inwebu intliziyo, ingakumbi xa iposi engabalulekanga Ndachukumiseka.

Kwezinye iimeko, inkqubo resorption sinokuzaliswa ukuyilwa cysts. Oku kaninzi kwenzeka ingqondo emva ngasihlandlo kobuchopho, ebinezinto imilo isifo sentliziyo.

Esinye seziphumo kunokwenzeka of necrosis - alahle uhlobo okwalandelwa okhawulezileyo okanye exfoliating. Kwimeko yokuqala, libhekisela kwinkqubo ligatya ngamalungu okanye amalungu zabo. Ngokomzekelo, ukulahlekelwa iinzwane kunye ukubola. Exfoliate i epithelium wamathumbu neekoki okanye iiseli epidermal ethe wafa.

Encapsulation kunye ukufa iyonke

Njengoko kwenye isiphumo necrosis kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa encapsulation yenkqubo. Loo meko nyama iya ambona nakwenzeka resorption okanye ukwaliwa. Loo Ayothusi tuberculosis kunokwenzeka.

Le yokugqibela kunye nefom kunawo, leyo isenokuba isiphumo esi sifo - yinto ngokufa. Isizathu sale nkqubo necrosis epheleleyo Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezinye uhlobo necrosis of factor etiological exposure - ukwenzakala imichiza ukuba isifo sentliziyo.

Ukufa yonke kumzimba inokuba ziquka izigaba ezibini: kwezonyango kunye eziphilayo. Kwimeko yokuqala, inkqubo kusenokuba invertible, okwesibini kusenokwenzeka ukuba iziphumo ezidibanisayo - liyalahleka umoya liyalahleka umsebenzi ezesifuba ukuhamba ethe igazi.

Unobangela yokufa lonyango ingaba enkulu ilahleko igazi, ukothuka kunye intlungu.

unyango

Ukuba sele kokufunyaniswa utshintsho necrotic zomzimba, imfuno mandatory ukuchitha nokulaliswa esibhedlele.

Amaninzi, ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo efunekayo besebenzisa unyango ngamachiza ejoliswe ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi kummandla ochaphazelekayo umzimba, nokuba ngaba umbutho okanye inyama. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze kwenziwe unyango ezigulela okanye ulawulo antibiotics.

Kwezinye iimeko, umlinganiselo kuphela efanelekileyo - etyandwa, nto leyo lancitshiswa Ukusikwa nyama okanye umlenze.

Kodwa kuxhomekeke uhlobo unyango kunokuba iiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo zesi sifo. Nangakumbi, lo hlobo rhoqo necrosis - semithambo, oko kufuna indlela ekhethekileyo, ekubeni okunene sithetha ndamelwa yintliziyo.

ukungenelela kuhlinzwa

Kwimeko une necrosis ngokubanzi esifubeni nasemilenzeni, nto leyo enokuphazamisa kakhulu iiseli amandla, nkovu kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kunye innervation, necrotomy zabanjwa. Le asike yethishyu ukuba wafa ngenxa frostbite, ukutsha, kunye nezinye izizathu. Ngalo ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukuguqula eyomileyo ekuboleni umanzi.

Le Ukusikwa kunye nokususwa izihlunu balala emqokozweni lwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba kumiselwe imida necrosis usebenzisa stimulus ngoomatshini. Oku kube ngokundibamba ibhola metal, intonga utyando okanye inaliti ukusuka isirinji.

Xa owomileyo njengesilonda nokusebenza maxa wambi singamiswa de kube lelo xesha izihlunu necrotic akayi akhawulwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukwenza nokuthintela bolu ekuboleni emanzi.

Ukuze ukuba ezinjalo isifo esiyingozi, necrosis, kufuneka ekuqaleni ukuthatha unonophelo ekuthinteleni imiphumo ezenza ukuba zingonakalisa ancedisana iiseli, ngaloo ndlela ukuqala inkqubo necrosis.

iziphumo

Iintlobo necrosis, kuxhomekeka unobangela kunye nezinye izinto, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba esi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye nabadinga ezikumgangatho ophezulu uxilongo olukhawulezileyo. Ngaphandle konyango ngobuchule le meko iya kuba nzima ukutshintsha. Ngoko ke, lo nto ilungileyo inokwenziwa kwi ngumqondiso wokuqala ngokwalatha necrosis - oko ngaphandle kokulibazisa ukutyelela ugqirha.