Zempilo, Diseases and nemibandela
Iimpawu ukuxhuzula ebantwaneni. Oonobangela, uphethwe, unyango
Igama elithi "sokuwa" iingcali kubiza isifo kwengqondo esinganyangekiyo ukuba luphawulwa Ungqabhuko uphazamisekile of umsebenzi zaso. Xa abantwana, oko kwenzeka amaninzi sifo ngaphezu abadala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuthi kuziveza ngohlobo ukuxhuzula.
izinto kunokwenzeka
Ukuqala abaninzi call kwentlungu, izilonda esosulelayo. Bathi kwakhona ukuba sisifo samathambo. Le nguqulelo uqinisekiswe yokuba igazi izigulane autoantibodies neyroantigenam elibhaqiweyo.
Abantwana bawaphikise ekuqaleni kwesi sifo isenokuba zizathu zilandelayo.
1. yofuzo. Kodwa izazinzulu zithi ukuba kuphosakele ukuba bathi sokuwa ethunyelwayo. nezici ilifa zingafunyanwa kuphela inkangeleko yayo. Umntu ngamnye kwinqanaba elithile lomsebenzi axhuzule, kodwa ingaba sokuwa iza kuphuhlisa, kuxhomekeke eziliqela nezinye izizathu.
2. Disorders Brain. Iimpazamo kwinkqubo luvo zenzeka ngenxa yokuba ifuthe ekukhuleni kosana olungekazalwa izinto eziyingozi isifo koomama ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwakhona, ukuba zibangelwa yi ukuphazamiseka yemfuza.
3. izilonda Infectious. Isifo kunokwenzeka emva meningitis okanye kobuchopho. Kwangaxeshanye umntwana oselula wayekhona, kungona ithuba ekuphuhliseni ukuxhuzula kwixesha elizayo, ukuba kuya kuba nzima. Noko ke, ukuba umntwana kwinqanaba eliphezulu azalwa lomsebenzi nokuhlutha izinto, esi sifo bamqumbise naluphi na usuleleko.
4. Ukwenzakala. Nayiphi uyothuka kungabangela ukuqala ukuxhuzula. Kodwa ubudlelwane akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba ukuseka, kuba isifo awuqali ngoko nangoko.
Ukwazi oko ke oonobangela sokuwa ebantwaneni, ukuba kumiselwa kunye Amaqhinga uviwo olunye unyango.
nokubekwa kwezifo
Ukuba ingxaki phambili ngenxa iziphene noshowo ingqondo, ngoko ke bekuya kuba sokuwa nomqondiso. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke ngenxa ukuyilwa cysts, nangezilonda, hemorrhages emzimbeni. Malunga sokuwa idiopathic ngayo kwiimeko apho kungekho intshintsho zibonakale kwi ingqondo, kodwa lo mntwana yofuzo ekuphuhliseni esi sifo.
Kodwa ke kukho iimeko apho azinako ukusekwa iimpawu sokuwa xa umntwana lwaziwayo unobangela wale karhulumente. Olu hlobo sifo kuthiwa cryptogenic.
Kwakhona, iingcali ukwahlula uhlobo lendawo kunye jikelele kwesi sifo. Kwimeko yokuqala, Kumaziko umsebenzi kwi zobuchopho sincinci kakhulu. Bona abunjwe ngaso kwiindawo enye ijwabu ebuchotsheni. Kwaye uhlobo ngokubanzi kwinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo inxaxheba phantse yonke uthinte.
Ngokwahlukeneyo wachacha umehluko mixed. Ekuqaleni, ukuxhuzula Usenokuqalisa localized, kodwa ugqaliselo excitation yaneka ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke uthinte.
I iintsimbi yokuqala
Bonke abazali kufuneka bazi ukuba yintoni na iimpawu ukuxhuzula ebantwaneni. Ngapha koko, ingxaki ibhaqe ngo-3% abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-9. Kwiintsana oko kubhidaniswe umsebenzi eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni. Umntwana ajike intloko yakhe, ngamandla ihamba iingalo kunye nemilenze. amacandelo Convulsive azisoloko ekhona.
Ukuhlaselwa zisenokuvela nanini na ubudala. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi ukuba kwenzeka xa ingqondo kunye nenkqubo-luvo nto ekhula ngokupheleleyo. Ingqwalasela yezifo of excitation kwiimeko ezinjalo zibonakala lula.
Ezinye ukuhlaselwa ngeke ibonakale kwabanye. Abanako ukunikela ingqalelo yebo abazali. Baya kuvela lithi "ukuvala-up", apho kuhlala kwimizuzwana nje embalwa. Lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo zesi sifo kwabantwana sokuwa ukungabikho (piknolepsiya). Ngexesha kuhlaselwa umntwana andabikho zingqondweni, retropulsivnye intshukumo buqapheleke lasentloko, amehlo angaya phantsi phezulu. Ukugqibezela yokuhlasela rhoqo ivela ngokuzenzekelayo pharyngo-ngomlomo motion. Oku kungenzeka wayimunca imilebe, wrestling, owanyayo. kuhlaselwa ivame ukuhlala akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-30. Kodwa ingaphinda-phindwa amaxesha amaninzi, nkqu ngenye imini.
Abazali kufuneka bazi ukuba iimpawu ukuxhuzula ebantwaneni. Ngamana bawaphikise ukuhlaselwa yokulala, ukuncipha okanye, icala, umsebenzi esebenzayo kakhulu yobuchopho, uvuselelo photic.
Isifo
- Primary: kwenzeka ngokuchasene nemvelaphi eyandileyo umsebenzi nokuhlutha izinto ingqondo;
- Secondary: kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba usuleleko okanye ukwenzakala izinto ezibuhlungu;
- reflex: kuvela njenge yokusabela kwizivuseleli, kusenokuba ethile ingxolo, ukusa, ivumba.
Kuxhomekeka yobudala apho iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo kunye neempawu ezithile clinical bahlule ezi ntlobo zesifo:
- nezingenayo minor, ukuba uphawu ebuntwaneni;
- myoclonic - uhlobo lweentsana;
- okuyingozi, kwenzeka ngexesha lokufikisa;
- lengqondo - basenokuba makakhatshwe unditsho okanye uhambe ngaphandle kwabo, kusenokuba yovakalelo, ezikhalayo, adversivnye ukuhlaselwa, iphuku ukuhleka.
Kuxhomekeka rhoqo nesingqisho zokuhlaselwa, zabele ezi ntlobo sokuwa:
- kunye embalwa (ngaphantsi kwe-1 ngenyanga nganye), rhoqo (izihlandlo eziliqela ngeveki) ukuhlaselwa;
- kunye angalinganiyo nokuxutha ngokwanda.
Ngexesha ukuvela ukwahlula ezi ntlobo sokuwa:
- ubusuku;
- ukuvuseleleka;
- ngokubanzi (bamelwa nangaliphi na ixesha).
Uqhambuko excitation inokuba kwi Occipital, cortical, zezomzuzwana, diencephalic kunye nezinye iingingqi ebuchotsheni.
The main Iimpawu
Ezi iimpawu sokuwa xa umntwana akusoloko ebonakalayo, ngoko abazali azisoloko ingqalelo kubo. Xa abantwana abadala, ukuba uhambe nabo sicwangcise eqhelekileyo. Kodwa kukho iimpawu ezithatha ingqalelo. Le ukumisa ukuphefumla, umzimba izihlunu kwempixano, nto leyo sikhatshwa into yokuba umntwana kufuneka ukugoba futhi unbend imilenze, waphawula ucutheko convulsive, defecation ihlale kuyo, ukuchama. Isiguli yaluma ulwimi lwakhe, ezinye kuhlatywa umkhosi ngexesha ukuxhuzula.
Ngamanye amaxesha abantu ngexesha uxhuzula inokubonakalisa ndinyikimise kwinkulungwane kuphela, eliphosa intloko emva, khangela ngaxa lithile. Abayi abasabela ngazo ezenzeka ngaphandle. Kodwa ke abaninzi abakwazi ukubona sokuwa, ukuba abathanga zikhatshwa unditsho kunye ujingi phantsi.
Kufuneka bazi nokuba okukwazi nabanesathuthwane ibuthathaka. Badla ubunzima ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuphazamiseka yezengqondo-iimvakalelo. Kwakhona babe nexhala, ukudakumba sele uqalile. Bona luphawulwa ngokwemvelo amancinci-nye holova, ukuba basoloko maxa uchuku. Abantu abane sokuwa lalidume ngokuloqa ukhetho, yokucaphuka, ingqumbo. Iingcali bathi ngayo umlinganiswa sokuwa.
lokufunyaniswa kwesifo
Ukuqaphela periods komntwana ebunayo okanye ezixhuzuxhuzulayo iintshukumo, kufuneka ngoko nangoko uye kwagqirha. Kuphela uviwo olupheleleyo kunye nokukhethwa unyango oluchanekileyo nga ukubuyela ubomi obuqhelekileyo babantu.
Enye yeendlela eziphambili zale saveyi electroencephalography. Nakuba kunjalo, phantse isiqingatha izigulane kwixesha eliphakathi uhlaselo akangekhe naluphi na utshintsho. Ekwenzeni iimvavanyo functional (hyperventilation, ukulala nasekusweleni, ukuvuselela photic) ngo-90% yezigulane kukho iimpawu uphawu ukuxhuzula.
Ukongezelela EEG, LESIXHENXE nayo kusetyenziswa. Olu phando lubonisa ukonakala kwengqondo, uxilongo, abantu abane kwaye siqinisekise qhinga olunye unyango. Ezi ndlela zibandakanya ikhompyutha kunye nemagnethi ekuvakaleni kwelizwi Itomography. Kwakhona, izigulane ezithatha uhlalutyo umchamo negazi. Ukuqinisekisa inqanaba immunoglobulins, iienzymes, albumin, eletrolitov, calcium, phosphatase obrak, nemagnesium, iswekile, intsimbi, prolactin, hormone kunye nezinye.
Uphando olongezelelweyo ubalisa esweni ECG, Doppler imithambo yegazi brachiocephalic, uhlalutyo kulwelo lwe- cerebrospinal.
Inkqubo unyango
Bunjani imeko yomntwana kunye nokunciphisa nezihlandlo ukuhlaselwa, ukuba nya kunokwenzeka unyango kakuhle ekhethiweyo. Noko ke, silindele ukuba balahle iingxaki ngenyanga yokuqala angafanele ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uthathe iipilisi iminyaka emininzi ukuba sokuwa engqondweni amana ewutha, kwaye uhlaselo kwaphela.
Therapy kufuneka comprehensive. Ukongeza ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba yemithi, kwezinye iimeko le unyango kuyimfuneko neurosurgical. Kunzima ukuba wenze ngaphandle inkxaso ngokwasengqondweni. Kunye nenqubo eyiyo onokufikelela uxolelo isitali-75% yezigulane abaselula.
Ukongezelela amayeza, oogqirha bacetyiswa ukuba ukuseka indlela ecacileyo imini umntwana, wayibeka phezu ukutya okhethekileyo. Le ndlela yokuphila kufuneka kube umkhuba. Emva imo kunciphisa amathuba okuba excitation nakujoliso olutsha engqondweni. Oogqirha baveza into yokuba iziphumo ezintle afunyenwe ukutya ketogenic. kubume bayo siyifumana ukuba kufuneka ukuba badle ukudla ezinomthamo aphezulu amafutha. Ngelo xesha linye kuyimfuneko zokucutha isixa carbohydrate.
Ikakhulu unyango ngamachiza
Ukumisela ukuba yokuphatha sokuwa kwimeko nganye, ugqirha kufuneka kuphela abanamava afunekayo. Ngapha koko, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe amayeza ukuba bazise inzuzo enkulu kunye neziphumo ezibi engephi. Unyango kuyaqalwa kuphela emva kokuba uxilongo lusekiwe. Ukwabela ichiza elithile, ugqirha kufuneka kucacisa uhlobo sokuwa, ukuba siqwalasele iimpawu zesi sifo. Indima edlalwe yi-yobudala apho kwaqala uhlaselo, rhoqo kwabo, ubukrelekrele yesigulane, ubukho iimpawu luvo. Kwakhona uthathe ingqalelo zinetyhefu amayeza kunye nokwenzeka yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. iziyobisi Ukukhetha (ezimiselweyo sokuwa ingakumbi anticonvulsants), ugqirha kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo engakumbi yohlobo sokuwa, uhlobo oluthile esi sifo xa kubaluleke kangako.
Ukulungiselela iinjongo zonyango izigulane zidla emiselweyo idosi ubudala. Noko ke, ugqirha kufuneka bafumane scheme ipeyinti. Ngapha koko, qala ukusela amachiza antiepileptic kwi idosi esezantsi. Ukuba akubonakali ngathi le umphumo ukwamkelwa kwabo, okanye kuya kuba nzima zile, kuyimfuneko ukuba kancane oyidlayo. A osemqoka ukuba unyango lwesi sifo nje yokuba amachiza ukutshintsha ayinqweneleki. Ukuba umzimba akaphenduli, wena ukwandisa nje inani mali ngexesha elinye-ezifunyenweyo. Nangona nama-1-3% ezigulane uxolelo kungenziwa kusetyenziso yokwehla idosi eliqina.
Ukukhethwa amachiza
Kukho iimeko apho ukuqeshwa ichiza swi nga pfuna. Kule bungqina ukungabikho uphuculo ngexesha ngenyanga, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni yobudala eliphezulu idosi kuyaphunyezwa. Kwimeko enjalo kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha amayeza. Kodwa ayikho simple kangaka. Kukho kwisiphaluka esithile, ukuze aphathe sokuwa usebenzisa amayeza ezahlukeneyo.
Kuthetha ukuba ufake kuqulunqo yesibini elityunjelwe ilungiselelwayo ngokuthe ngcembe, ngaxeshanye rhoxisa ezidlulileyo. Kodwa oku kwenziwe kakuhle. Ngamanye amaxesha utshintsho ichiza lilibaziseka ngenyanga kuba iiveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba ogulayo imali ngokukhawuleza, kungakuhle ukuba i benzodiazepines unyango ezimanyanisiweyo barbiturates.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, unako ukunyanga isifo. Ugqirha ngabanye ukhetha anticonvulsant kunye neziyobisi antiepileptic. Kudla emiselweyo "Diazepam", "Phenobarbital", "carbamazepine". Kukhethwa Kuyancomeka ukunika indlela apho into esebenzayo uyakhululwa kancinci. Ngapha koko, ukusetyenziswa kwazo lunciphisa ubungozi yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. iziyobisi ezifana ziquka yezabelo of valproic acid kunye carbamazepine. Ezi ziquka iipilisi "valparin XP", "Konvulsofin", "Enkorat", "Konvuleks" "Depakine Enterik 300", "Finlepsin", "Apo-Carbamazepine."
iingxaki kunokwenzeka
Kakuhle unyango akhethwe iimpawu sokuwa xa umntwana isuswe ngokupheleleyo iminyaka embalwa. Kwezinye iimeko, monotherapy olucwangcisiweyo ke wayeka uhlaselo. Oku kunokwenzeka kunye nemithi. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwezo izigulane abaqale ukuhlaselwa yokuqala ngenyanga nganye ukuhlaselwa ngaphezulu kwe-4, kubekho ukuncipha sezobuntlola kunye dysgenesis lobuchopho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, eyahlukileyo scheme bancinane aphathwe ukuxhuzula ebuchotsheni. Ugqirha unakho ukumisela ukwamkelwa ngaxeshanye amachiza amabini.
wesiphaluka lomntu kufuneka ziphathwe kangangeminyaka eliqela, yaye emva kumiwe epheleleyo ukuxhuzula. Kuxhomekeka iintlobo sokuxhuzula, eli xesha unokuba ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya ku-4. Kodwa ukurhoxiswa ngaphambi ichiza kungabangela kubola. Ukuxhuzula banakho kwakhona ukuqalisa. Kwanasemva kokuba isiphelo sale xesha, kurhoxiswe kwemali kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuthe ngcembe kweenyanga 3-6. Kubalulekile ukuba esweni rhoqo imeko ngokusebenzisa EEG. Kwezinye iimeko, unyango na ubomi.
Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ekuqaleni esi sifo iqale, i embi ngakumbi imiphumo ukuxhuzula. Oku kungenxa yokuba besebancinane, ingqondo yomntu nangoku ubuntwana, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, sesichengeni ngakumbi. Abazali kufuneka uthathe nzulu unyango emiselweyo, kuba ukuba uthe abangawuthobeliyo kwirejimeni yonyango ekhethiweyo, ukutsiba iipilisi okanye rhoxisa yabo, umntwana aqalise ukuhlasela de kwafika yemeko epilepticus. Le meko luphawulwa kukuba uxhuzula yomntwana omnye emva komnye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa, ingqondo akwenziwa ngokucacileyo phakathi kwabo.
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