Igosa Red Army Alexander Pechersky: biography. Aleksandra Pecherskogo feat: uvukelo kwi Sobibor

Kwaba nzima ukuze baphile kwinkampu yoxinaniso yamaNazi. Kodwa aba bantu sikhuliselwe eSoviet Union, ukuba nje uphila - zilungelelaniswe loo mvukelo, zokubalekela ubunzima umbutho, intando yabo ukuxhathisa kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba aphule. Omnye hero Alexander Pechersky - Colonel junior, wavuka kunye webutho kwindawo ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, yaye ke ekuthinjweni. Xa utshaba wafumanisa ukuba igosa nje kuphela, kodwa umYuda, Isiphelo sakhe kokuvalelwa.

Sobibor

Imbali imvukelo amabanjwa kwinkampu yokufa, ibekwe lasePoland emzantsi-mpuma, waziwa kakuhle kakhulu kwi West. ESoviet Union emva kwemfazwe wagqiba ukuxolela Poland nangemva kunye nohlobo mkhohlisi inxalenye enkulu yabemi balo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kwiinkathazo ezininzi izinto ummelwane nje elikufutshane ngobuchule ifihliwe. Alexander Pechersky ayaziwa kweli lizwe, kwaye kwimvukelo kwi Sobibor amabanjwa washiya ngaphandle siluhlolisise ngokunyanisekileyo, kunye obungasifanelanga ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye e Western Yurophu noSirayeli malunga inkampu kunye mvukelo iyaqhutywa, ebhaliweyo iincwadi ezininzi. Inkokeli abavukeli - Alexander Pechersky - balibhengeza kwaye ngokubanzi uthathwa ukuba iqhawe enkulu.

Yintoni le kwinkampu lokufa? Kwakutheni ukuze adalwe? Kuye kwavulwa ekuqaleni 1942 ngenjongo kuphela - ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye entendelezweni, oko kukuthi, kohlanga yabantu yamaYuda. Ukuze wenze oku, kwabakho inkqubo ebanzi apho onke inyathelo ngenyathelo yonke le nkqubo. Kunye neminyaka emibini enesiqingatha ubukho kweminquba apho, ngokubulala ngaphezu amabini anamashumi amahlanu amawaka amaYuda - abemi Poland kunye namazwe angabamelwane aseYurophu.

technology imbubhiso

Njengoko kuzo zonke iinkampu zoxinaniso Sobibor amabanjwa kwakukho ilula kakhulu. Nciphisa-gauge kaloliwe esa ehlathini, olihlanguleyo ukuhlasela mihla loliwe yonke. Kwezi, inani labantu bakhethe sempilweni, kunye nabanye bathunyelwa "kwi bath", oko kukuthi, ukuya kwigumbi igesi. "Indoda enkulu" abazithandayo encwadini kwimizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu na engcwatyiwe umdla emihadini ezizodwa, apho okuphekiweyo ngeenxa zonke eminqubeni. "Imini bath" wabo engekude kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba imicimbi yezoqoqosho ekampini ayenzima kakhulu, kwaye zondla amabanjwa kungekho mntu khona. "Acuario" imeko ngokukhawuleza ebilahlekile.

Le ndlela yaqanjwa ngamaNazi, yaye ayebugqala kakhulu iindleko-olusebenzayo. Saba kwinkampu nganye, kwaye abo ababanjiweyo. Ukongeza i-SS, ilinde Sobibor kunye abahleli, oko kukuthi, zonke iintlobo ngabangcatshi. Uninzi - Ukrainian Bandera. Abaninzi kubo ulingana ibali elahlukileyo ukuba uluntu lonke ixesha khumbula indlela ezimbi ngayo. Umzekelo, bayahlelwa umdla ye-anti-uTshawe, njengoko kuchasene nendoda efana Alexander Pechersky.

Ivan Demjanjuk

Ngubani ababecinga ukuba ngenkulungwane yesithathu baya kuqhuba iimvavanyo, abaqhagamshelwe nephulo leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic? Bambalwa amangqina belo xesha esekhona namhlanje.

Ukuqotywa yangaphambili indoda yiSoviet, umbanjwa ngenxa yemfazwe, yaye kamva - ingakumbi sadist abantu begazi ngoxa, umveleli Sobibor, nokuba kamva - ngummi US Ivan (Yohane) Demjanjuk yathatha konyaka onesiqingatha kunye yaphela umtshutshisi ekubulaweni amashumi amawaka ukuzibulala Sobibor. Demjanjuk igwebe ukuya kumashumi alithoba anesihlanu iminyaka entolongweni ngenxa lamacala.

into

Wazalwa Le subman ngo-1920 e-Ukraine. Ukususela ekuqalekeni Patriotic Demjanjuk Great wayilwa kwi-Red Army, kwaye ngo-1942 yanikezela. Kwinkampu yoxinaniso wajoyina ngamaNazi. Yiba wakhumbula eminqubeni Treblinka, Majdanek, Flyusseborg. Ingqesho ingxabano - irekhodi kwakhona. Kodwa Sobibor abangathathi ntweni, njengoko kwenzekayo uvukelo kunye Abasindileyo amabanjwa, abalindi udumo kuzisa.

Unokuthelekelela, kunye ilingene inkohlakalo inkohlakalo Demjanjuk ( "Ivan Grozny" kuba SS) wenza umsebenzi elifutshane abo akwazi ukubamba. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ubungqina, kodwa iinkcukacha amanwele kakhulu bazipha apha. ukubaleka ngempumelelo nje ayikwazanga kuba ngaphandle kweminquba ukufa. In Sobibor baza ke, kwada kweza Alexander Pechersky, emkhosini abantu iqhawe. umbutho Underground kakade eminqubeni, kodwa ibe ngabantu kuphela emkhosini, ngaphandle basweleka egumbini igesi. Escape eyayicwangciselwe zona, kodwa ayizange basebenze ukufikelela wokugqibela.

ULieutenant ukususela Rostov-on-Don

Aleksandr Aronovich Pechersky, ogama engobomi phantse ukuya ekupheleni kobomi bakhe andazekanga abantu jikelele ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, kakhulu, wazalelwa eUkraine, Kremenchug, ngo-1909. Ngowe-1915, intsapho legqwetha, uyise, bafudukela Rostov-on-Don, ngubani ubomi bakhe bonke Alexander waziva kowabo. Emva esikolweni, got a kwezombane mveliso, waya kweyiphi iyunivesithi. wayeyoliswa kakhulu zomsebenzi engahlawulwayo, kwaye wayeyithanda abaphulaphuli nayo.

Ngosuku lokuqala elinye yesibini imfazwe Alexander Pechersky wayesendleleni eya phambili. Isithuba ke loo manzi kuba izidanga eyunivesithi. Alexander balwa amaNazi kufuphi ESmolensk kwi zokudubula webutho, we-19 Army. Vyazma bamngqonga, Pechersky kunye noogxa bakhe, bethwele emagxeni abo umphathi kwabangxwelerhiweyo, ekulweni ukuba atyhudise kumgca ngaphambili, nto leyo esele kushukunyiswa kakhulu. ziphelelwe Ammo thina. amajoni amaninzi wonzakele okanye kakhulu ugula - lula kangaka engqeleni ukuba bawele phakathi imigxobhozo. Eli qela Wayengqongwe kwaye imipu ngamaNazi. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa banjwa.

in ekuthinjweni

Red Army wawagxotha entshonalanga - ekhempini inkampu, yaye, ke, kuphela abo bakhonza emifanekisweni eqingqiweyo. Igosa Red Army Alexander Pechersky nimlulamelayo akazange afune ukuba ukufa, kakhulu, yaye ithemba lokufuduka hayi ibashiye. A umYuda, yena wayengekho efanayo ngokwangaphandle, ngoko ke amaNazi xa doznatsya (ndinyeliswe) malunga ubuzwe bakhe, wathumela ngoko nangoko ukuba le Sobibor ekufeni. Bekunye ne Alexander enkampini kwafika amadoda amalunga namakhulu amathandathu.

Kubo bashiya okwethutyana baphile asibhozo kuphela, abanye bephila iyure uyile. Alexander wawela luhlu husky, waza kamva wafumanisa ukuba yena ukuchwela uyazi, ngoko musa bawe, aya kunenzela lonke yaseJamani kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Ngoko ke sagqiba kwelokuba amaNazi, kodwa uLieutenant Caves evela Sobibor. Babebona baba yayintsha elinye, yena wayesazi kakuhle ukuba xa musa ukumbulala yena ngoku, emva koko uza kwenza kube enyanzelekileyo. Kwaye oku kulibaziseka kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukunika amaNazi imfazwe yokugqibela, ukuba enze feat yakhe yakutshanje. Aleksandra Pecherskogo akulula ukuba abulawe.

icebo

iqela Underground wachaza ukuba amahlumelo olunye akanakuba apha okanye nayiphi na enye inkampu njengoko ngocingo oluhlabayo akayi kubashiya. Wanyanzelisa phezu kwako, apho ukubaleka baphume kweminquba kufuneka nje malunga nantoni na, kuba abanye uya kubulawa kunjalo, kodwa ke kuphela emva kokuba nxaniso kunye nokuhlukunyezwa. Omnye kuphela ukujonga ebusweni Bandera, abaya esikhululweni abulale nabani na bafuna yaye xa befuna. Kodwa nangoku akukho namnye uyabachasa yaye akafuni buzit. Eliseleyo enkampini emva basindileyo nyezwa ngolunya.

Kakade ke, abaninzi kakhulu uya kufa bebaleka yakhe. Kodwa ngamnye kwabo basaba baya kuba nethuba. Ikomiti Underground yamkele isicwangciso sokuba kuye kwandululwa. Ngoko kwindawo entsha, ibaluleke kakhulu ebomini bakhe, Alexander Pechersky - yinkokeli yemvukelo. Phantse onke amabanjwa ukuba sele bexelelwe icebo lokuphuma, evunyiweyo le ndlela. Die kusekho, ngoko ke kungcono isihlwele hayi ibuthathaka kangaka yosisidenge, iigusha ukuhamba ukuya kwigumbi igesi. Ukusweleka ngesidima kuyimfuneko, xa kukhona enjalo kungenzeka.

iqhinga nje amaJuda

Isibakala sokuba nkampu wayekho hayi ukuchwela kuphela, kodwa ukuthunga. Ngubani ngcono ukuba abe nako ukwakhela othungayo yamaYuda ngokwenene nice SS woMntu, ehleli iyunifomu yakhe? Umsiki koololiwe ekuhlaseleni ukuzibulala kwakhona wathabatha njengoko zihamba nabachweli kunye neengcibi zamatye, nokuba na aba "indoda enkulu." Kuba iimfuno abathungi enkulu isiJamani kuyimfuneko ngakumbi. Apha kule workshop wokuthunga kunye konke kwaqala. abalindi Bandera, ngasendleleni, kakhulu, ayizange eya iinkonzo.

No-Oktobha 14, 1943 bexhobile, kuzulazula kweminquba, enye kwenye baqalisa kuthiywe kufanelekile, apho ohazhival nomqadi okanye wazikrwitsha ngentambo, yaye emva koko imipu yaye zibekwe endaweni efihlakeleyo. Ngokuba lo msebenzi baye amabanjwa ngokukodwa ezikhethiweyo kunye namava ikarati. Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba Alexander Pechersky, iqhawe eli bali, waba Sobibor, kwiiveki ngaphantsi kwesithathu, kodwa sele wakwazi ukwenza squad, ikwazi ngokuchanekileyo nangokungatshintshiyo senze. Ezinjalo intando yakhe kunye nokuzimisela ukuba uyakwenza oko.

ukubaleka

Ngokuthe cwaka bengabonakali emehlweni womphambukeli yaphela amaJamani elinanye kwaye phantse bonke oonogada yabalindi free. Kuphela koko wamvusa i-alam, kwaye kwanyanzeleka ekuhlaseleni Sobibor ukwenza nhlanganiso. Esi isigaba sesibini kwesicwangciso, ebesiqulunqwe yi Aleksandrom Pecherskim. neembasa axhobileyo amabanjwa baqalisa ukudubula oonogada eseleyo. Wayesebenza phezu gun inqaba, yaye naye kungekho ndlela. Abantu wabaleka. Bawa phezu neengcingo ezihlabayo, imizimba yazo ehlahla indlela namaqabane akhe. Abulala Ungqabhuko ngumatshini-umpu, kwakusitsho imigodi olubiyele inkampu, kodwa akazange ayeke.

waphuka Gates, yaye nantsi ke - inkululeko! Noko ke, anekhulu elinamanci mathathu abantu phantse namakhulu amathandathu wahlala kweminquba ekhempini abagulayo, abo, ukuba namhlanje, ngomso - kwigumbi igesi. Kwakukho abo ezithenjiweyo ukuthobeka nobubele phezu inxalenye ngamaNazi. Akukho nto! Le nkampu zaphela. Ngosuku olulandelayo, bonke abanye shot, yaye kungekudala yatshatyalaliswa Sobibor. Umhlaba ngokwawo bayilungisa yi Oogandaganda waza watyala nekhaphetshu yakhe. Ukuze nokuba akukho esele ukuba kwakukho ngaphambili. Kutheni? Ngenxa yokuba kulihlazo Germany ngamaNazi - amabanjwa ezibhityileyo wasinda, kodwa okulungileyo.

iziphumo

Freedom wazuza ngaphantsi kancinane ekuhlaseleni ezingamakhulu amathathu kancinane ngaphezu asibhozo wafumana ukufa ezukileyo ngexesha lekhefu. Emva koko, kwafuneka ukuba isigqibo apho ukuya, njengoko kumacala onke zivulekile ukuya abasabileyo bakwaEfrayim. Kuba iiveki ezimbini bahamba kuzingela. One anamanci asixhenxe abantu wazifihla nakanjani. Bandera wabafumana, bababulala. Phantse zonke obalaseleyo basekhaya, kakhulu, waba anti-isiJuda.

Phantse alithoba abasabileyo batyakatywa nkqu Bandera Ukrainian kunye Polish. Kakade ke, akukho namnye wabamba ukufa ekhawulezayo akafanga. Kuyo yonke le ityala ngaphandle inxenye isiphelo oyikhethileyo. Ibulala ikakhulu abaye bakhetha kuzimela ePoland. Abanye waya Aleksandrom Pecherskim phesheya Bug e Belarus, apho bafumana kuzinze yaye wasinda.

kwazalelwa

Pecherskiy Aleksandr Aronovich ukuya kumzabalazo wenkululeko yeli lizwe lethu ukususela abahlaseli wamaNazi walwa njenge Shchors ngokunomkhethe waba bomber yimpumelelo, kwaye emva koko wabuyela oluBomvu Army, waza wadibana ngoMeyi 1945 kunye elikwisikhundla nenduna. Yena uhlatywe, waza waphathwa esibhedlele kufuphi eMoscow, apho wadibana nomfazi wakhe elizayo, Olga. Awards ke kancinane, nangona endleleni, ezele ubunzima kunye ababulalekayo. iminyaka emibini ekuthinjweni - oko kukuthi, njengokuba umthetho, nkqu izandi engathembi. Nangona kunjalo, i imbasa "Kuba e Battle" yena. Kwaye endaweni Order of the Patriotic War, leyo yena yaziswa.

Izizathu, Kakade, eqondakalayo. Imvukelo e Sobibor akabaxwa esendimbaneni, ngokuba iMono-yobuhlanga, kodwa ingqalelo oku eSoviet Union zingazange kwamkelwa - International taxied onke, hayi amaYuda. KwaSirayeli Caves waba iqhawe lesizwe, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwixesha zelizwe lethu kunye ilizwe ngedinga muncu kakhulu. Kwaye akukho namnye apha akazange afune imvukelo ukutshekisha kumgangatho karhulumente, njengoko yenziwe kuye apho. Kwaye, kakade, Poland. Nabanumzana abanekratshi ngokuqinisekileyo kukhubeka bonke, sixelela lonke ihlabathi ukuba izibonda abulawe abo amabanjwa bakwazi nje kubaphepha, egumbini igesi le minefields ... eSoviet Union akoyiki ukucaphukisa yobusoshiyali Poland, akazange afune ukuba. Kodwa kungekudala emva koko yonke imfihlelo ngokuqinisekileyo iba sobala.

PostScript

A hero lesizwe Alexander Pechersky uSirayeli waphila ngokuvisisana Januwari 1990 ngo lwakhe lweenkobe Rostov-on-Don. Kwaye ke wayonwabile. Ngowe-2007, phezu eludongeni lwendlu ababehlala kuyo, kwakukho ibhodi. Ngowe-2015 omnye lezitrato Rostov-on-Don ithiywe emva liqhawe. Kwaye ngo 2016 ukuba kokufa wawongwa Order of Courage.