Igama Dialectal - ntoni na? Ngawaphi amagama ngokuba lwesigodi?

Wonke umntu, Russian-ukuthetha, ngokulula ufumana amagama afana, umzekelo, "intetho", "ukutya", "zihlasela ', kwaye nje ukuchaza kubo, kodwa ukuze bazisebenzise ngendlela efanelekileyo kwimeko. Kuyinto la magama abizwa ngokuba yoluntu, okanye Lexicon yoluntu. Kodwa ukuze achaze oko "bayat", "brashno", "vyalitsa", akakwazi wonke umntu uyazi la mazwi kuphela isangqa elincinane labantu. Noko ke, loo ntetho non-zoncwadi kwincoko abaninzi abantu Ndawaphelisa.

definition igama Dialectal

Kuhle-yaziwa, esetyenziswa uncwadi kunye intetho yabantu, kungakhathaliseki ndawo bahlala kuyo kunye abathi magama isiseko ulwimi Russian, onke amazwi ezisele umphakathi - zisetyenziswa kuphela kwizangqa ezithile yabemi. Ezi ziquka kwiintetho ezithile kunye lwesigodi amagama. In Russian, zibizwa ngokuba isigama nokusetyenziswa ambalwa. mazwi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela, nganye eneyazo Uphawu yalo.

iqela lungelelanisa

Ezinye yabantu, abathwali Lexicon non-wonke, kuba kukho inani elikhulu lwamaqela, wayisasaza phezu esibhakabhakeni lizwe kunye nokuba amazwe. Ngamnye kubo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kuye amazwi zayo ezikhethekileyo, yaye ngamnye wahlulwe inkalo ethile: umsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala kunye neklasi kwezentlalo. Ngoko ke yintoni magama abizwa ngokuba lwesigodi? It is labo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezithile. Umzekelo, kwingingqi Pskov kukho ikho into severik kwi izimvu enye isenzeko ekuthiwa Barguzin, kwaye iDanube - Belozerye. Iincwadi-ntonye welizwi - umoya.

igama Dialectal yinxalenye yeqela kwindawo, kunye namagama anxulumene kuphela iiklasi uluntu, ziyila iqela leengcali. Kodwa Isichazi oko kunxulumene amacandelo athile oluntu.

Apho ehlangana isigama lwesigodi

Kwindawo nganye amagama zayo ezithile, esetyenziswa kuphela kule ndawo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kumazantsi eli lizwe uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana loo mazwi umdla: Square, nto leyo ithetha ematyholweni; Koszul elivumelana umhlaba ilizwi. Kule mizi emantla, unako kwakhona ukufumana imizekelo umdla intetho lwesigodi: Teplin, nto leyo ethetha umlilo; lwentaba - ibhulorho imanz - ikhuba.

amazwi Classification lwesigodi

Xa intetho loncwadi kunye nencwadi anokufunyanwa ekuthiwa ngentetho - amagama eyinxalenye limi, kodwa babe ukuyilwa ilizwi labo, igrama kunye neempawu phonetic kwaye lilungu lwesigodi ethile. Lwesigodi zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela-4:

• lwesigodi lwesemantiki - liqela lamagama ukubetha kolwimi lwakho ethile siyaphela ingqiqo non-eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo: ilifu - njengesiphango, umyalelo - iinkuni, abanekratshi - iyamlandela.
• Lwesigodi ebizwa into ngenkcazo okanye nesenzeko, eziziimpawu inani elithile nangaziwayo kwezinye iindawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, igama dialectal okunjalo akukho izifanokuthi intetho eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuzimisela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunika descriptively kuphela. Umzekelo: Plahtiy - isondo lengubo piece ngelaphu duleyka - ibhatyi quilted, tonets - libiza intlama obhityileyo ezingenagwele.
• dialectisms Phraseological - kuba zizifundo invariable ukuba ixabiso ethile kwinkalo ethile. Umzekelo: nesithukuthezi - ukuwa ndidikwe zishwabene - bobabini wahlala ityuwa, into enzima nzima - ngaphandle ukufa ukufa.

Apho kusetyenziswa amagama lwesigodi?

Imizekelo ukusebenzisa amabinzana anjalo ingabonwa kuphela kwincoko kodwa imisebenzi boncwadi. Nangona, Kakade ke, ebuza njani, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ubungakanani ingasetyenziswa leyo ulwimi ezinjalo iinjongo zobugcisa. Kusebenza umxholo kunye neenjongo ezimiselwe umbhali, ukuba uzimisele ukuba uhlobo igama dialectal ingasetyenziswa kwityala elithile. Akunakuze kuthathelwa ingqalelo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izinto - oku nobuhle iimbono, nobuchule, yaye, ke wachaza into. Eneneni, maxa wambi esebenzisa kuphela intetho eqhelekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukugqithisa yonke imibala nesimilo. Umzekelo, L. N. Tolstoy badla ezaneleyo ukuchaza abalimi kwiincwadi zakhe usebenzisa amagama lwesigodi. Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwazo ingafumaneka kwi ncwadi kunye I. S. Turgeneva wasebenzisa kwabo inclusions kunye yokubhalwa zazo ngokwaneleyo ahluka ngokucacileyo kumbhalo engundoqo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqukwa enjalo ezakheke izimvo ukuba kuvele ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo yawo, ngaphandle kokuba umxholo boncwadi kuza ngamandla.

lwesigodi kune

Iyabonakala ke yona imisebenzi ababhali iilali ukusebenzisa amagama lwaso, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo azibonisi ukubaluleka kwabo, kwanokuba amazwi isicelo elimxinwa. Kwakhona, ezifana inokufumaneka imizobo kwiphephandaba, esibonakala athile uhlobo hero, indlela yakhe yokuthetha kunye neempawu uphawu lwendlela yokuphila kwakhe, sichaza elimi apho ahlala kulo. Ngenxa yokuba ezi ndaba kufuneka akathetheleleki kule ntetho kuphela boncwadi, ukusetyenziswa lwesizwana kufuneka kube zizizathu. Umzekelo: "isaziwa kushiya Basil encinane oboch abo babekho." Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igumbi lokufundela ngalinye kula magama engaziwa kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba umfundi, ngenxa yokuba akukho mntu efunda incwadi, musa ugcine isichazi lwamagama lwesigodi.

Lwesigodi njengenxalenye isigama ulwimi Russian

Ukuba uthethe izichazi-magama, ukukhankanywa yokuqala iziyelelane ingafumaneka kwi "acacisayo Dictionary of Language Russian" V. I. Dalya. Le ncwadi ifumaneka amaphepha 150 enikelwe le sihloko. Namhlanje kwakhona ukufunda lwesigodi ingqalelo enkulu, kuba bona kunye archaisms, neologisms, amagama-mboleko kunye phraseology, zenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo entetho ulwimi yamandla Russian. Nangona uninzi kubo zisetyenziswa kwintetho yemihla ngemihla kunye nokubhala, kwaye lisebenza kuphela inxalenye nje, ngaphandle kwazo bekuya kuba nzima ukwakha amazwi eqaqambileyo okanye inkcazo ecacileyo nayiphi na into okanye umsebenzisi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ababhali enkulu kangaka ngokufuthi abhenele ukuba ukubetha ukunika njengokukhazimla kwisicatshulwa. Ukuya emva isigama, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isifundo amazwi dialect kukho nenzululwazi yonke ekuthiwa dialectology.

Olu qeqesho kwiilwimi ufunda, zegrama iimpawu phonetic, syntactic yeyunithi ulwimi, nto leyo fixed indawo. Kwakhona, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa ekufundweni neziyelelane kwiincwadi. Ezolimi ekwabelwana ukuqonda la magama:

• indlela ebanzi ukuba iimpawu eziqhelekileyo dialecticisms zokuncokola ukufakwa intetho zoncwadi;
• indlela emxinwa, apho zonke amabinzana ezibekiweyo kunye namagama asetyenziswa kwiimpapasho zobugcisa journalistic.

UPawulos

Siphengulule isakhiwo lungelelanisa ulwimi Russian, uyazi, ibinzana kakuhle ngayo "olukhulu nolunamandla." Emva amagama lwesigodi zokuhlela kunye nesakhiwo nje yinxalenye encinane kwisixokelelwano esikhulu apho wadala inzululwazi yalo. Kunye nokubonelelwa uninzi la magama emizamweni, ukuba lugcinwe kwaye lwenziwe olwanamhlanje. Kwaye oku awasebenzi lwesigodi kuphela, kuba inani lamagama kwakunye obscheupotreblyaemyh aqhelekileyo besoloko ziyanda, nto leyo egxininisa kuphela amandla ulwimi Russian.