I-US dollar. course History

Namhlanje, lwemali ihlabathi engundoqo - US dollar. Imbali ye ekuhambeni kule mali ngokuchasene engange Russian kuphuma ukususela yafumana inkululeko, eUnited States kwaye ukuyilwa kwenkqubo yezemali karhulumente elalisandul 'ukusekwa.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX. lwemali US kunye uBukhosi Russian aba sidalwa kuphela. Iphepha yamaphepha ziye yaziswa ejikeleza kuphela emva kokuqalisa kweMfazwe Civil eUnited States, oko kukuthi, ngo-1861-1865 gg. Ngelo xesha kwi iinkqubo Russian uBukhosi ezimbini parallel eyimali esebenza: iingqekembe Silver kunye yamaphepha.

Utshintsho kwi dollar nxamnye engange ukuya ukupheliswa umgangatho yegolide

Ukuqalela Aprili 2, 1792 ixabiso US imali leyo ngokuqinileyo ezinxulumene ngegolide. Lo myalelo ke fixed yi ngengqibo US Congress. Ngokutsho kwesi sigqibo kumiselwa iimpawu engaguquki dollar yegolide. Ngoko ke, omnye dollar ubunzima 1,60493 grams okanye 24,75 okuziinkozo, yaye izinga lalo lwemali Tsarist eRussia engange-1 ukuya 1.39. Abo amaxabiso wahlala kuloo ndawo de-1834, xa kwagqitywa ukuba zinyule dollar yegolide alandelayo parameters: iinkozo 23,25 okanye 1,50463 g igolide. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya kwi-US lwemali kazwelonke ngokuchasene engange yatshintshwa-1 ukuya 1.3.

Ngo-1897 i kuhlaziyo ukusebenza Witte. Ngenxa yezi ziganeko indlela yalo imali engange omtsha igolide ithelekiswa nedola ingaguqukanga kwi 1,94. Loo lwenu beluludala de ekuqaleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Imeko ne kwesantya kwixesha post-revolution

Noko ke, iziganeko revolution eRashiya, iMfazwe Civil kunye nengcitho nezidubedube kwezoqoqosho baqalisa indlela leli bafa ukwehla kule engange. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngowe-1916 lulwahlulo US dollar kunye engange waba kwinqanaba 1 ukuya 6.7, ngoko emva konyaka i-US izinga lotshintshiselwano dollar lenyuka ukuya 11. Emva koko, kude kube nokudalwa USSR engange ixabiso ngokukhawuleza. Ke kwabakho dollar eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngowe-1924, i-yiSoviet Union kuthwalelwa phandle umntu utshintsho emali, nto leyo eye yaba negalelo elibonakalayo kwisistim yezemali zasekhaya. imali engange eSoviet baqala exhaswa yi igolide ngendlela efanayo njengoko kwakunjalo ngemihla yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ngoko, ke labuyiselwa kwaye izinga zelo engange ithelekiswa nedola - 1,94. Phambi ko-1934, kuquka, lo umlinganiselo wahlala phantse ingaguqukanga.

Ngowe-1934, eUnited States kwi "Great Depression" - into leyo eye ngayo kungekuphela nje urhulumente ngokwayo, kodwa dollar. History of the utshintsho khosi. Gold inkxaso i-US lwemali liye lancipha. Ngelo xesha, ukuba wayelingana 0.888661 grams ye-metal anqabileyo. imali engange eSoviet bya nxamnye dollar, yaye uphindo 1 ukuya 1.24 baxhasa i-US lwemali.

Iminyaka kwezinga ezinzile esisigxina

Kusukela entwasahlobo ka-1950 waseka izinga lotshintshiselwano ezinzileyo le engange yiSoviet ngokunxulumene unit lwemali yesizwe United States kwinqanaba 1 ukuya 4. Le meko wahlala ingaguqukanga de ukuphunyezwa kuphuculo wemali eSoviet Union ngo-1961. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu iminyaka elishumi elisekwe umlinganiselo esisigxina phakathi kwemali ezimbini kwinqanaba engange 0.90 dollar ngalinye. Imbali lwemali American ngokuchasene engange kuloo mzuzu kunye de kwawa nto USSR ezimangalisayo akukho ezahlukeneyo.

ukuhla kwezinga Exchange imi--70-90

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, le engange eSoviet ngokuchasene unit wemali US rhoqo lehla. Ezi nguqu zibe nefuthe zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukwehla dollar. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1972 no 1973. kwakuzalwa malunga 80 cents dollar ngalinye. izifundo Imbali kule minyaka ili-15 zilandelayo, ebhalwe someleza engange, amazinga exchange esemthethweni accounted for malunga 75 cents dollar ngalinye. Kakade ke, nkqu ngaloo minyaka kwabakho ebizwa ngokuba 'market black ", apho dollar leyo ixabisa kakhulu ngakumbi. Kodwa ebaluleke ngokukodwa, le kwiqonga yokurhweba abazifumene 80s, xa yiSoviet Union waba nengxaki enzulu, kwaye imali engange Soviet ngokusemthethweni waqhubeka ukuqinisa ngokuchasene US lwemali. Nangona i dollar yayilingana 60 kopecks, izinga yorhwebo likaRhulumente Bank eSoviet Union-1 ukuya 1,75 nxamnye idola kunye lwemali US kwi ngomgunyathi zingathengwa ngenxa 30-33 engange eSoviet.