I-photocell isiphaluka kunye nemigaqo yoxhumo

Ukuzenzekelayo kokukhanyisa kwindlu, kwindlu okanye kwisitrato kufumaneka ngokusebenzisa ukuthunyelwa kwesithombe. Ukuba ulungiswe kakuhle, iya kukhanya xa kufika ubumnyama kwaye buyikhuphe emini. Izixhobo zanamhlanje ziqulethe imimiselo, apho ungasetha khona ukuxhomekeka kuye kuxhomekeke ekukhanyeni. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ye "smart house", ethatha inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemisebenzi yabanini. Isiphaluka solayini-mfanekiso, okokuqala, siqulethe ukumelana nokutshintshwa kokunyanzeliswa phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya. Kulula ukudibanisa kunye nokusetha ngokwakho.

Umgaqo wokusebenza

Umzobo womxube we-photocover ukukhanyisa kwesitalato kubandakanya inzwa, i-amplifier kunye ne -actuator. I-PR1condcondtortor PR1 phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya kutshintsha ukuchasana. Kule meko, ubukhulu becala obudlula kulo buhluka. Isalathisi sikhuliswa yi-transistor ye-comp1 VT1, VT2 (iDurlington circuit circuit), kwaye ukusuka kuyo iya kwi-actuator, leyo ilayini ye- electro - magnetic K1.

Ebumnyameni, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-photosensor kuninzi mΩ. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokukhanya liye linciphisa kwii-kOhm ezimbalwa. Oku kuvula ii-trans1ors VT1, VT2, kubandakanywa nokulayishwa kwe-K1, isiphaluza sokulawula umthwalo ngokusebenzisa umnxeba K1.1. I-diode VD1 ayidluli ngoku ngokubhaliweyo okukhoyo xa i-relay ishintshiwe.

Naphezu kokulula, isiphaluka se-photo-relay sinokuvakalelwa okukhulu. Ukuyibeka kwizinga elifunekayo, umxhasi R1 uyasetyenziswa.

Umbane wonikezelo ukhethwe ngokwemigqaliselo ye-relay kwaye ngu-5-15 V. I-current current winding does not exceed 50 mA. Ukuba ufuna ukunyusa, ungasebenzisa abaguquleli abanamandla kwaye udlulisele. Ubunene beefotelc photo bukhuphuka ngokunyuka kwamandla ombane.

Esikhundleni se-photoresistor, ungafaka i-photodiode. Ukuba i-sensor eneemvakalelo ezandisiweyo iyadingeka, isetyenzisiweyo kunye neephototransistors zisetyenzisiweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwabo kucebisekile ukuze kugcinwe umbane, ekubeni umda omncinci wokusebenza kwesixhobo esiqhelekileyo ngowama-5 lux, xa izinto ezijikelezayo zisasahlukana. Umgca we-2 lux uhambelana nokukhanya okujulile, emva koko, emva kwemizuzu eyi-10, ubumnyama bubeka.

I-photorelay icetyiswa ukuba isebenzise ngisho nokulawulwa kwesikhanyiso sombane, kuba unakho ukulibala ukucima ukukhanya, kwaye inzwa "iya kuzinyamekela" yona ngokwakho. Akunzima ukufaka, kwaye ixabiso lithengeka.

Impawu zeefowuni

Ukukhethwa kwesithombe sokuthunyelwa kwesithombe kugqitywe yizinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukuvakalelwa kwefotokiso;
• Umbane wokubonelela;
• Amandla ashintshiweyo;
• Imeko yangaphandle.

Ulwaphulo lubonakala njengomlinganiselo we-photocurrent ephumela ekubeni ubukhulu be-flux yangaphandle kunye nokulinganiswa kwi-μA / lm. Kuxhomekeke kwixesha (ububanzi) kunye nobukhulu bokukhanya (okubalulekileyo). Ukulawula ukukhanya ebomini bemihla ngemihla, impawu zokugqibela, kuxhomekeka kwi-total flow flux, kubalulekile.

Ixabiso lexabiso elilinganisiweyo lingafumaneka kwizindlu zefowuni okanye kwifom ehamba kunye. Izixhobo zokuveliswa kwamanye amazwe zingaba neminye imigangatho yombane wokunikezela.

Amandla okulungiswa apho ifowuni yesalathisi ixhunyiwe kuxhomekeke kwimithwalo yoqhagamshelwano. Ukugqithisa ukukhanya kungabandakanya ukutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo kwezibane ngokusebenzisa oonxibelelwano beentloko okanye nge-starters xa umthwalo uphezulu.

Emoyeni evulekileyo, ukutshintsha kwesikhanyiso kufakwa phantsi kwekhava elivulekileyo. Kukhuseleke ekunyukisweni kwamanzi kunye nemvula. Xa usebenza ngexesha lokubanda, ukushisa kusetyenziswa.

Iimodeli ezenziwayo

Ngaphambili, isiphaluka se-photo-relay sasibuthene. Ngoku oku akuyimfuneko, kuba iifowuni zithengwa, kwaye ukusebenza kuye kwandisiwe. Azisetyenziselwa ukukhanya kwangaphandle okanye kwangaphakathi, kodwa kunye nokuthambisa izityalo, iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya, njl.

1. I-Photo-relay FR-2

Iimodeli ezenziweyo zenziwe ngamaziko asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezizenzekelayo, umzekelo, ukulawula ukukhanya kwesitalato. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukubona izibane ezivuthayo emini, abayilibala ukuyivala. Ukuba kukho iisenti zentsimbi, akukho mfuneko yokulawula ngesandla ukukhanya.

Iskrini somfanekiso olayishwayo we-photo-2 we-industrial fabric isetyenziselwa ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhanya kwesitalato. Apha, kwakhona isicatshulwa sokutshintshela sidlulisela i-K1. I-photoresistor ye-FSK-G1 kunye nabaxhatshazi R4 kunye ne-R5 ixhunyiwe kwisiseko se-transistor VT1.

Amandla anikezelwa kumnatha wesigaba esisodwa se-220. Xa ukukhanyisa kukuncinci, ukunyanzelwa kwe-FSK-G1 kukhulu kwaye uphawu olusekelwe kwi-VT1 aluvumelekile ukuluvula. Ngako oko, i-transistor VT2 ivalwe. Ukubuyiselwa kwe-K1 kuvuliwe, kwaye oonxibelelwano bayo bavaliwe, ukugcina ii-bulbs zokukhanya zivutha.

Xa ukukhanya kuphakama ukuya kumgca wokukhupha, ukunyanzelwa kwe-photoresistor kuncitshiswe kwaye i- wist transistor ivule , emva koko i-K1 idlulisela kuyo, idibanisa isiphaluka sokunikezela kwamandla kwezibane.

2. Iintlobo zezithombe ezithunyelwayo

Ukukhethwa kwamanqaku kukukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukhethe okulungileyo:

• Ngomnxeba oqhelekileyo okhoyo ngaphandle komzimba wemveliso, apho iifowuni ezimbini zixhunyiwe khona;
• Lux 2 - isixhobo esinokuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nezinga eliphezulu;
• I-photo relay enegunya lokubonelela nge-12 V kunye nomthwalo ongadluli u-10 A;
• Iimodyuli ngexesha le-timer, iqhutywe kwi-DIN-rail;
• Izixhobo ze-IEK zomenzi wasekhaya ophethe umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza;
• I-AZ 112 - ngokuzenzekelayo nge-high sensitivity;
• ABB, i-LPX - abathengi abanokwethenjelwa kwezixhobo zaseYurophu.

Iindlela zokudibanisa i-photocell

Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-sensor, kubalulekile ukubala amandla asetyenziswe izibane kwaye uthathe i-20% ngomgama. Ngomthwalo obalulekileyo, isitalato yesitrato esecaleni sihlinzekela ukufakela okongeziweyo kwenkwenkwezi ye- electromagnetic, ukuqhutyelwa kwayo okufuneka kutshintshwe ngokusebenzisa oonxibelelwano beefoto, kunye noonxibelelwano bamandla ukutshintsha umthwalo.

Kwikhaya, le ndlela ayidla ngokusetyenziswa.

Ngaphambi kokufakela, i-power supply power is checked ~ 220 V. Uxhumano lwenziwa kumgcini wesiphaluka. I-photosensor efakwe ngendlela enokuthi ukukhanya okuvela kwi-flashlight akuyi kuwela kuyo.

Ifowuni isebenzisa iipedals zokuxhuma iingcingo, ezenza ukuba kube lula ukufakela. Ukuba abalahlekanga, ibhokisi lekhonkco lisetyenzisiweyo .

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwabancinci be-microprocessors, isiphaluka soxhulumaniso solayisho wesithombe kunye nezinye izakhi sele senze imisebenzi emitsha. Kwi-algorithm yezenzo, sazisa i-timer kunye nenzwa yeshukumisi.

Kukulungele, xa izibane zichithwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa umntu edlula esiteji okanye ngasendleleni yomyezo. Yaye inkohlakalo ivele kuphela ebusuku. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-timer, i-photo relay ayiphenduli kwiimbanezelo ezisuka kwimoto.

Isicwangciso esilula ukudibanisa i-timer kunye nenzwa yesikhombiso sinye. Kwiimodeli ezibiza, izicwangciso ezizodwa ezicwangcisiweyo eziye zaqulunqwa ziqwalasela iimeko ezihlukeneyo zokusebenza.

Ukuthunyelwa kweefoto zesitrato

Ukudibanisa i-photocell, isekethe isetyenziswe kwizindlu zayo. Inokufumaneka kwiifom zefowuni.

Intambo ezintathu ziphuma kwisixhobo.

1. Umqhubi we-Zero - oqhelekileyo kumalungiselelo kunye neefowuni (obomvu).
2. Isigaba - sixhomekeke kwigalelo le sixhobo (umdaka).
3. Umqhubi onokukwazi ukubonelela umbane ukusuka ekutshintsheni ukukhanya kwizinto ezikhanyayo (okwesibhakabhaka).

Ifowuni isebenza kumgaqo wokuphazamisa okanye ukutshintsha kwisigaba. Ukumakisha umbala ukusuka kubakhiqizi abahlukeneyo kuyahluka. Ukuba inethwekhi inomqhubi "umhlaba", ayixhunyiwe kwisixhobo.

Kwimodeli ene-built-in sensor, efumaneka ngaphakathi kwimeko ecacileyo, umsebenzi wokukhanyisa kwesitrato uyazimela. Udinga kuphela ukuzisa ukutya kuyo.

Utshintsho olunokususwa kwenzwa lusetyenziswe xa kwenzeka ukufakwa kwikhompyutha kwesofowuni kufakwa ngokufanelekileyo kwipaneli yokulawula kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ngoko akukho mfuneko yokufakela ukuma-yedwa, ukufakwa kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwinqanaba. Iyunithi yecomputer ifakwe ngaphakathi kwindlu, kwaye ivelisi ikhutshwa.

Iimpawu zesithombe-slayini sokukhanyisa kwesitalato: isikimu

Xa ufaka isithombe esithunyelwa kwisitalato, ezinye izinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

1. Ubukho be-voltage supply of 220 V kunye nokuhambelana kwamagunya oqhagamshelwano nomthwalo.
2. Ungafaki izixhobo ezikufutshane kunye nezinto ezinokutsha okanye kwindawo enobundlobongela.
3. Isiseko sesixhobo sifakwa ngezantsi.
4. Ngaphambi kwesikhombisi, akufuneki kubekho izinto ezijikelezayo, umzekelo, amasebe emithi.

Iifowuni zixhunyiwe kwibhokisi lokuhlangana kwisitalato. It isekelwe ecaleni kwesithombe sokulayishwa.

Ukukhetha iRifoto yokuTyelela

1. Ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa umgca wokubangela ukuvumela ukulungiswa kobuzwe bentloko ngokuxhomekeke kwithuba lonyaka okanye kwiimozulu zezulu. Ngenxa yoko, umbane ugcinwa.
2. Umsebenzi omncinci uyadingeka xa ufaka i-photocell ene-built-in sensor. Ayifuni izakhono ezizodwa.
3. Ukubuyiselwa kunye ne-timer kuhlelwe kakuhle kwiimfuno zayo kwaye kusebenza kwimodi esekelwe. Ungasetha ifowuni ukuba ivule ebusuku. Umboniso kumzimba wefowuni kunye ne-push-button control yenza kube lula ukuyilungisa.

Isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwefotoscell ikuvumela ukuba ulawulwe ngokuzenzekelayo ixesha lokutshintsha kwezibane. Ngoku kufuneka imfuneko yesibaneli se-lamplighter isele ilahlekile. Iskimu sokuthunyelwa kwesithombe ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba komntu kusihlwa sikhanyisa izitrato size siyikhuphe ekuseni. Izixhobo ziyakwazi ukulawula inkqubo yokukhanyisa, eyandisa ubomi bayo kwaye yenza lula ukusebenza.