I-lithography yi ... Indlela yokushicilela

I-Lithography yindlela yokushicilela apho ukufundwa komzekelo kwiphepha kufunyanwa ngokudlulisa uhla lwe-ink phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kwifom eprintiweyo ukuya kumphathi wephepha. Le ndlela yokushicilela ibhekisela kumbono ondala kunabo bonke, yenziwa kwi-XIX leminyaka eMunich. Enyanisweni, i-lithography yinkqubo esekelwe kwinkcaso yezinto ezinamafutha kunye nezixhobo. Isiseko sokupakisha iplastiki echithwe ngokukhethekileyo kunye nomhlaba ogqithiseleyo, oqukethe i-limestone ehambelanayo. Ngaphambi kokuba udale umzobo, efunyenwe yi-lithography, kufuneka kwenziwe oku kulandelayo:

- Kwiindawo eziphosiweyo zelitye, umzobo wenziwa nge-lithographic ink okanye ipenseli ekhethekileyo eneoli;

- iphethini esetyenzisiweyo ifakwe umxube okhethekileyo we- nitric acid nge dextrin;

- emva kokutsalwa, umgangatho wetshe unako ukuthatha umswakama, ngelixa uphendule inkino yokunyathelisa ngexabiso eliphezulu leoli;

- Ekupheliseni, iphethini iyahlanjululwa kunye ne-tincture ekhethekileyo equkethe uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwee-solvents.

Iingenelelo zobunjineli

Ngaloo ndlela, ukwenzela ukuba umfanekiso uvele, xa le ndlela yokushicilela isetyenzisiwe, iipropati zezinto eziphathekayo kunye nemichiza zetyenziswe. I-lithography idla ngokudibanisa kunye nekiso, kodwa ezi ndlela zihluke ngokupheleleyo zokudweba umzobo. Ukwenza i-engraving yimbonakalo evela kwifom ekhethekileyo. Ukusika umfanekiso kumsebenzi wokhuni - oko kukubhala, i-lithography ayifuni nayiphi na imizamo yokuqala. Ngenxa yempendulo yamachiza, iphethini ibonakala kwiphepha isebenzisa indlela yokubhala. Umfanekiso ofunyenweyo unokuphinda uhlaziywe ngamaxesha amaninzi. Umzobo owenziwe yi-lithography ingaba yinto ekhethekileyo, ekhethekileyo ngohlobo lwayo. Ukongeza, i-lithography inezinzuzo ezingenakuphika. Masters abasebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo indlela yokubhala i-lithography emsebenzini wabo, qaphela ukuba i-lithography yindlela encinci yokushicilela. Ukwabela izibonelelo ezilandelayo:

- kwinkqubo yokwenza umzobo, unako ukulungisa ngokukhululeka, utshintshe isakhiwo somfanekiso, wongeze iinkcukacha ezintsha;

- Ifom yamatye ingasetyenziswa kaninzi, sele liphosa kwakhona;

- ngokungafani nendlela yokudweba ikuvumela ukuba wenze imidwebo yembala, kumbala ngamnye, iphethini isetyenziswe kwelinye ilitye;

- indlela eyahlukileyo yokuqhathaniswa nokuqhathaniswa kokusebenza.

Imifanekiso yokuprinta

Ukuze umfanekiso ucoceke, kunye nemigca echanekileyo, engahlanjulwanga, ilitye le-lithographic kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe ngokuchanekileyo kumashishini akhethekileyo. Ekuqaleni, umzobo osetyenzisiweyo uhlanjululwa, emva koko upende okhethekileyo usetyenziselwa kwisiseko esisikiweyo esenziwe ngaphambili, esenziwe kwioli. Iphepha lokushicilela elibumbayo lixinekile ngokubhekiselele kwi-inkca yokunyathelisa ngokukodwa, emva koko igqityiweyo phezulu ngomshini womshini. Isiphumo ngumfanekiso wesithombe esineembozwe ye-monochrome.

Yintoni i-oleography?

Inkqubo yokushicilelwa kombala ngegama eliprintiweyo ngelitye libizwa ngokuba yi-oleography. I-teknoloji ayifani kakhulu ne-lithography eziqhelekileyo, ibonisa ngokufanayo isethi sezenzo njengoprinta olucwangcisiweyo. Ukubonakala kwiphepha lemibala nganye kuveliswa ngokulandelelana ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumathoni okukhanya ukuya kumnyama. Ngombala ngamnye, ilitye le-lithographic ehlukile lilungiselelwe. Ukushicilela umbala ngamnye kusetyenziswa enye kwelinye kwiphepha lephepha. Kwiindibano zocweyo zokushicilela ukudala kunye nokudweba komfanekiso kwiphepha, iimpendulo zabaculi, ilitye lilawulwa ngumfundi.

Iintlobo zelithography

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, i-lithography, kunoko, yindlela yokwakha kwizinto ezizodwa zeesekhyutriki kunye nemifanekiso kunye nesisombululo se-nanometer. Kukho i-optical, electronic and X-ray lithography. I-X-ray lithography yindlela yokwenza i- X-ray ibhanki idluliselwe kwi-preform ekhethekileyo ebonisa iinkcukacha ezincinane kunazo zonke zepatheni kwi-substrate ekhethekileyo. I-lithography ye-Optical isetyenziswe xa kuyimfuneko ukudlulisela umzekelo wesiphaluji sekhompyutheni kwi-template ekhethekileyo kwi-substrate ye-semiconductor.

I-electronicgragraphic lithography yinkqubo apho i-electron ibonki ejoliswe kuyo ikwahlula iinkcukacha ezifunekayo zesiphaluka okanye iphethini kwizinto ezikhethekileyo zezithombe.

Yintoni i-autograph?

I-Autograph yindlela yokunyathelisa yanamhlanje, apho umculi esebenzisa imifanekiso kungekhona kwilitye le lithographic, kodwa kwiphepha elikhethekileyo lokudlulisa. Ngalolu phepha, iphethini idluliselwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwigatye. Abaculi baxabisa le ndlela yokwenza i-lithography. Iinjongo eziphambili zokuzenzekela ngokuzenzekelayo ziyakwazi ukukhangela kwi-nature. Ngokusebenzisa umfanekiso ngokusebenzisa iphepha lokudlulisa, umculi ufumana ithuba lokwenza umfanekiso ocacileyo ngaphandle kwefuthe lobungqina.

I-Lithography kwihlabathi lanamhlanje

Ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, ngoncedo lwe-lithography, senza imifanekiso, impapasho emnyama neyemhlophe ethengiswayo, kwaye yenza amamephu eendawo. Indlela yokwenza imifanekiso yegragraphic eprintiweyo kwiincwadi kunye neendlela zokuqokelela.

Njengoluhlobo oluthile lwemifanekiso ephindaphindiweyo, i-lithography isetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku. Le ndlela yokushicilela, equka lula ekusebenzeni, isetyenziswe ngabaculi banamhlanje ukudala imifanekiso emnyama nemhlophe. Imifanekiso yezithombe ziyimfuneko ekuboniseni iincwadi zendlela, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, iincwadana kunye neengxelo. Nangona kunjalo, ekudaleni i-lithography, iphepha lokushicilela alisadingeki. Kwintsimi ye-nanotechnology, iintlobo zemihla yamagrafti, i-electronic and optical lithography zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Iprojection lithography kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemisebe ye-laser iyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji ye-optical ephezulu ukuze kuphuculwe izixhobo zesetroloki kunye nokufakwa kwangaphambili kwimveliso.