Hemostasis - ntoni na? ukuhlukunyezwa hemostasis

Uninzi lwethu kwafuneka ukuba avavanyelwe hemostasis. Yintoni na yaye kutheni kufuneka uwuqwalasele? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kufuneka siqale ingcaciso yoko inkqubo yethu kwegazi kwaye zeziphi iindlela abasebenza kuyo.

Umsebenzi wokuqala hemostasis

Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuba igazi lethu - nje ikwa laphu, engamanzi kuphela. Le ibandakanya plasma, kuba yipropathi element ulwelo, kwakunye iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, apho ibekwe plasma njengoko umisiwe. Konke oku gqolo ezinambuzelayo kwemithambo ezinkulu nezincinane, imithambo yegazi kunye emithanjeni ukuzisa oxygen iiseli, amandla esenza nezinye imisebenzi. Loo imodeli lula inkqubo yethu kwegazi. Kubalulekile ukuba igazi ukuvumelana ekunene. Ukuba obukhulu kakhulu, egazi igazi kwakheka. Kwelinye icala, ukuba zibhityile kakhulu, loo mntu unesifo ukopha kakhulu. Igcina igazi lethu zikwimeko kangangoko wadala yimvelo kwenkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba hemostasis. Loluphi uhlobo nkqubo kwaye yintoni na indlela umsebenzi wayo?

Umsebenzi wesibini hemostasis

inkqubo hemostatic sinzima kakhulu. Ukongeza yokugcina viscosity igazi okunqwenelekayo fluidity, inika luyaphilisa inxeba (ukuyeka ukopha) ukwenzela amanxeba kunye nezinye kukwenzakala nemithambo. Iindonga bamva akhiwa ngeengcamba ezintathu esiqwini, nganye ezisebenza indima ukuqinisekisa sicatshulwa kakuhle igazi ngawo umzimba. Ukuba ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, isidima udonga isikepe yaphulwe negazi ogxuphuleka umsantsa, yaye umntu ivula ukopha. Ukuthintela ukuba kusungula inkqubo umzimba coagulation kwegazi, okanye hemostasis. Yena kweentlobo ezimbini - eziziprayimari nezizisekondari.

hemostasis Primary: it

Olu hlobo engasayi ukopha kuthiwa semithambo-platelet hemostasis. Indlela yomsebenzi wayo ekubangeleni spasm benqanawa umonakalo, licuthe yayo kunye ukuvaleka "izikhewu 'ziiplatelets. Inxalenye umonakalo ezikhandelwa uqweqwe, ukopha wayeka. Abantu bathi, "loo clotted igazi." Kuba abo abangenazo iingxaki hemostasis, inkqubo ithatha imizuzu-3. uyakwazi amanyathelo ngolu hlobo. Ngomhla iindonga isitya kufuphi inxeba iqala adhesion, okt nokufumba, adhesion of neeplatelets. isimo sabo uba ajikelezayo ngakumbi, yaye phezu komhlaba zakhe zokutyhomfa kubonakala kunye neenkqubo ezibonelela ulwalamano oluhle kunye nezinye ziiplatelets. Ngenxa yoko ekwakheni ubuhlobo kunye (udibaniso), kwaye ukusekwa plug zegazi. Ngowe-1 ml wegazi kufuneka ukusuka 150 ukuya 300 lamawaka Ifomu echanekileyo okunempilo zegazi. Kungenjalo inkqubo ekunqandeni iphazamisekile.

Yintoni na le hemostasis zasesekondari

zegazi njo uqale cell egazini izinto esebenzayo ezizikhulelayo imichiza ebangela constriction le emithanjeni kunye nokusekwa ubuhlobo zasesekondari vuhlayiseki. Ngaxeshanye zegazi factor ime phandle i ibaluleke kakhulu ekunqandeni thrombin enzyme, nto leyo echaphazela ukuyilwa protein fibrin. Le Imicu protein isiseko ihlwili legazi. Zakha uhlobo womnatha apho iiseli ezibomvu bofanelana bephinyelene kunye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Fibrin ethathwe kwenye protini - lwefibrinogen. Ukuze kumiselwe ubuninzi igazi, nikela hemostasis ngegazi. Yintoni na - lwefibrinogen - yaye yintoni nokubaluleka kwayo? Le protein idlala indima ephambili igazi ekunqandeni. excess yayo ebangela thrombosis, kwaye kuswela - legazi. Ummiselo ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya 3.0 g / l lwefibrinogen. Ukuba ngaphezu kwama-4.5 g / l, kungakhona ngezifo ezifana nesifo sephepha, ukufa kwamalungu omzimba, isifo sentliziyo, umhlaza, inyumoniya, umkhuhlane, nokuba kukho inani kwezinye iimeko, kuquka ukutsha kakhulu, utyando, ukusetyenziswa amayeza athile. Isixa protein ubuncinane 1.5 g / l unobangela kwesibindi, DIC, hepatitis, leukemia myeloid, toxemia, uqhaqho yokunikwa, polycythemia, inyoka, B12 ukushiyeka nevithamini C.

Umsebenzi yesithathu hemostasis

Isigaba sokugqibela inxeba - fibrinolysis, nto leyo nayo noxanduva hemostasis. Yintoni na? Fibrinolysis ukutshabalala ezi ama ihlwili legazi nokubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya imithambo yegazi yonakele. Ukususela imizuzwana sokuqala senkqubo yokuphilisa enxebeni kunye nokuqala ekunqandeni igazi plasma isebenze enzyme plasminogen. Ikhupha a plasmin protein ohlaba fibrin, kunye nayo, yaye ihlwili legazi. Phakathi thrombus ukubunjwa sokuchitha kufuneka ulungelelwano, nto leyo enika hemostasis. Njengoko ubona, le nkqubo inzima kakhulu. Ukungaphumeleli nokuba zincinane link yayo kukhokelela ukuphazamiseka kwityathanga lonke kunye nezifo ezinzulu.

Ukophulwa of hemostasis. Yintoni na nendlela ukuchonga

Kukho la kwephulwa zilandelayo:

- ukwanda igazi ekunqandeni (hypercoagulable) nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kusekwe yezizwe thrombi e kwemithambo, imithambo, kunye nezibilini. It igcwele kwizigulo ezifana stroke besebancinane, isisu rhoqo kwabasetyhini, izifo ingqondo (ebangelwa thrombosis kwi imithambo yengqondo), kunye nabanye.

- Ukuncipha igazi ekunqandeni (hypocoagulation), nto leyo ekhokelela ukopha kulogo. Senzeka kubazali bakhe, isifo von Willebrand, zegazi igazi ngxaki okanye utshintsho lwezidumbu, isifo sesibindi, azanelanga izinqumisi thrombocytopathia.

- DIC, apho kukho zombini iindidi coagulation.

Ukuze kubonakale imbangela ezingaqhelekanga e igazi ekunqandeni, chitha hemostasiogram (coagulation), okanye uhlalutyo hemostasis. Yintoni na? Olu hlalutyo awayekwenzele abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, izigulane phambi kotyando, abantu abaphethwe zizifo iimpahla ngentliziyo negazi, kwakunye izigulane abanala makhwiniba of igazi ekunqandeni. Coagulation Sisiseko, nto leyo ebonisa hematocrit, ihemoglobin, inani yonke imiba igazi kunye nenani nakwezinye iimo ezalathayo. Uhlobo lwesibini coagulation - eyandisiweyo, ukuba ndikumise ikakhulu kubantu abanala makhwiniba igazi ukhulelwe.

hemostasis kwamadlala njenge ndlela zonyango

Abanye abafazi baye ukuphazamiseka kokuya, kukhokelela ekubeni ukopha nzima ixesha elide. Ukuze kulungiswe le ngxaki, sebenzisa i hemostasis hormone. Yintoni na? Le ndlela isicelo unyango amabhinqa aselula, banga bandakanywanga izifo ezifana fibroids, nangezilonda ovarian, endometriosis. Kukho iindlela ezintathu hemostasis hormone - estrogen, progestin exutyiweyo. Estrogen yi inaliti estrogen intramuscularly. Zokuqala iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu ukwenza qho kwiiyure 2.5-3. Kwiintsuku ezilandelayo, ithamo uhle. Emva ukuyeka kulawuleke ukopha endaweni estrogen kunye progestins ukuba aqhube unyango kunye arhente hormone. indlela Progestogen kusetyenziswa xa izigulane ukuba igazi kakhulu, ukuqina decompensated. Its nenjongo - ngokudala kwinqanaba hormone kuyo amandla yaliwe endotherm ekuqundanwa zesibeleko kwisisu. Ngaba esilingana kule Lendlela ilungile HCG hemostasis usebenzisa gonadotropin.

Hemostasis ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Pregnancy kubangela utshintsho amaninzi mzimbeni lomfazi. Omnye wabo - Ukunyuka kwenani zegazi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, viscosity yegazi. Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo komzimba, zibangelwa kumalungiselelo eziphilayo kwisizukulwana ezayo. Noko ke, ukuba kakhulu ukhandwa zegazi, omnye sithethe thrombophilia, imeko leyo ekhokelela ukuyilwa egazi kwimikhumbi yegazi. Thrombophilia ke nokupheliswa yokukhulelwa, abazizidalwa ngokukhula ezingekazalwa, toxemia kunye nezinye iingxaki. Ngoko ke kunyanzelekile ukuba benze uvavanyo hemostasis ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kuthetha ntoni oku yaye xa kufuneka senze ntoni? Ngokunqwenelekayo, ukuba lo uhlalutyo babambelela kokuba akheke ukuthintela iingxaki ephethe usana. Olu hlahlelo kuqhutywa ngenjongo amanqaku-14, yaye inika umfanekiso oluchanileyo karhulumente igazi. Ukuba ukungaqheleki elibhaqiweyo, ugqirha unakho ukumisela amayeza. Kodwa oku kuyimfuneko. Maxa wambi kuphela kukuya ngokwaneleyo malunga nemiba ye nokutenxa kokumiselweyo.