Gaz-12 zento emayenziwe kunye nemifanekiso

Imoto eSoviet-iklasi yokuqala ndingaz-12 (Zim) yaveliswa koomasifundisane of the Gorky Automobile Plant kwixesha ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya 1959. Lo matshini yenzelwe ukuba isetyenziswe ngaphakathi kuphela kumalungu karhulumente, iinkokeli yombutho.

project

Development imodeli ndingaz-12 lwaqhutywa ngexeshana elifutshane, kwakungekho ixesha ukwakha ikhaya elitsha ngaphandle parameters kumatshini, ngoko isiseko American wathabatha "Buick" ukukhululwa ngo-1948. Khuphela ngaphandle zange isetyenziswe kucacile esisiseko kuphela.

iimpawu technical

Body ndingaz-12 wenza isakhelo isandi, zonke-metal, siyahlukana wayengekho. Njengento umzimba eyahlukileyo esetyenziswa kuphela sub-mnqongo wokulinganisela, leyo ziyaxhonywa emazantsi bulkhead kwasiso. Ndimele ndithi ukuba bureau uyilo isityalo ithathe emngciphekweni othile, ukuthatha njengesiseko frameless, njengoko imoto-etekisini ezintandathu kunye bekwizintlu ezintathu lezihlalo ekujongwe isitokhwe elinyanzelekileyo ukuqina ecaleni ubude apho ukunika kuphela isakhiwo isakhelo olomeleleyo irubhrikhi.

Noko ke, yonke into kugqitywe le ndlela engcono: ubonelelo eyimfuneko ukuqina yenziwe ngenxa kumacandelo oxwesileyo welding ibekwe kulo moya kumgangatho isithuthi. Ngaloo ndlela ke kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba zizonke ngaphandle kuphelelwa ngamandla ingumlingani.

Kodwa ekuhambeni yokusebenza yeemoto ngomzimba ndingaz-M-12 waba ezichongiweyo iziphene ezinzulu okubangelwa ilahleko ngqongqo wokunikela izinto. amandla noshowo buthathaka ngenxa imithwalo rhoqo ukungcangcazela, kwakunye noxinzelelo ebangelwe sinyikimisa kumatshini kwi-moya longitudinal. Ngenxa yoko le frameless ukhetho yomzimba kwafuneka ukuba uyekwe.

ubunye

Ekuqaleni, lo ndingaz-12 ibandla ngesandla, xa nilungiselela amaxwebhu kwinkqubo yokuthutha serial. ngobuninzi imoto kwenzeka ngenxa iqondo eliphezulu ukuvumelana, apho abanye amanyathelo zafikelela 50 ekhulwini. Izinto ezininzi neendibano zaye abolekwe ungumzekelo "Ukoyisa M-20", ndingaz-51 ngelori yaye kamva - Gaz-53-12, ngelo xesha kuphuhliso.

isityalo amandla

Kwi imoto efakiweyo eziphuculiweyo injini GAS-11 abasebenza njengesilinda umthamo 3485 cc. cm, 90 HP, leyo ukuya ku-120 yeekhilomitha ngeyure nganye iphuhlise Izinga GAS-12.

Injini iimpawu unit samandla:

• uhlobo zepetroli;
• inani cylinder - 6;
• Stroke - 110 mm;
• cylinder ubukhulu - 82 mm;
• ucinezelo ratio - 6.7;
• ukutya - isiBeki K-21;
• apholisayo amanzi;
• ukusetyenziswa yayanele kwimo mixed - Iilitha ezingama-19 100 km;
• fuel okunikezelwe - ipetroli A70, A72.

transmission

Imoto ndingaz-12 mayixhotyiswe transmission ncwadi kunye mpawu zilandelayo:

• uhlobo - ayehambisana hydromechanical;
• inani ngezantya - 3;
• amagiya - pair helical;
• Management - usuke ngoomatshini lever drive.

ingaphandle

iingcombolo zangaphandle wemoto lahlangabezana neemfuno xesha, isithunzela zomzimba isondezwa, olumtyibilizi wadala umbono ingqibelelo eso sakhiwo. Yaba okunentsingiselo walandelwa bonke abenzi US of iimoto abakhweli, kwaba kunye ngokhetho. Gaz-12 yaba imoto multi-kwiklasi yokuqala, yaye, ke, le moto ngumthombo ikratshi njengoko abasunguli nabo abantu ababhalelwayo lona.

Imoto libandakanyeka zonke imiboniso festive, kuboniswa kwakhona Iziko leMiboniso, apha egumbini, "ishishini lweemoto USSR." Nangona "ikhuselo yentsimbi 'ezazikho ngelo xesha phakathi Kwilizwe qumrhu kunye namazwe Koloni, i-Gaz-12 zaye kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe ukuze zixhonywe kwi imoto ibonisa eBerlin, Madrid kunye Paris.

ingaphakathi

ESoviet yokuthuthwa elingaphakathi ihonjiswe ngokungqinelana ingqiqo iziyolo elo thuba. Zonke iindawo metal kule ndlwana zagutyungelwa iphethini zokuhombisa kunye neentlobo ezixabisekileyo ngokupheleleyo iinkuni longeze umbono obutofotofo. Le imigangatho emotweni ngokuqinisekileyo senile iikhaphethi, nto leyo ebangele ukuba phantse ngokupheleleyo usambathisa ingxolo.

Ngokutsho inqanaba ubuncwane uhombiso embindini imodeli-12 th njengabongamileyo ZIS-110 kuphela karhulumente, ekungabekwanga wasebenza mhlawumbi iteksi okanye yezigulana sele, kwaye ingqalelo ishishini moto abaphezulu kwi-USSR.

Ukuthengisa iimoto ezandleni zabucala

Gaz-12 yaba imoto yokuqala neyokugqibela kwiklasi ukumelwa, leyo sithengwe neevenkile. Iindleko kumatshini ku-1961 yaba engange 40 000. Ngelo xesha kwakukho imali eninzi xa ucinga ukuba avareji imivuzo umntu eSoviet ayidluli 650 engange. imoto Luks "Victory M-20" yeendleko 16,000 engange, yaye "Moskvich-401" - alithoba amawaka. Ngenxa yoko, emgqeni kuba ZIMom na emgceni, kodwa izazinzulu nezingundoqo zobugcisa osezandleni le moto.

Ngeminyaka yokuqala, kwakukho ukucinywa kwenkitha ndingaz-12 kumaziko karhulumente. Ezi neemoto wazuza nabanini babucala akwazi ukuthenga "Lada" entsha, endiwazuze malunga namawaka amahlanu.

Namhlanje zingafunyanwa ezahlukeneyo Zim, maxa wambi iindawo ezininzi engalindelekanga. Kwezinye Imishini iinjini iilori, oko transmission ukukholelwa yaye zonke iintlobo iindlela ezingaqhelekanga. Oomatshini-mveliso iseti epheleleyo - lwepaki.

ngendlela entsha kunye nokuphela kwemveliso

Ekupheleni imodeli 50 ndingaz-12 waqala ukuphelelwa ngokukhawuleza igama layo. Le fashion ngomatshini jikelele wavele zatshintsha ulwalathiso, zonke yotshintsho kwezixhobo izityalo yokwenza imizimba ifomu ngokwesiseko entsha.