Fugue - ntoni theory umculo?

Ithiyori umculo isethi ngokoMthetho. ngumphulaphuli makhwelo ungabuza manga: Fugue - ntoni na? Neengcali kuya kukuxelela ukuba le yenye iintlobo ezininzi obuphambili polyphonic umculo.

Imvelaphi uhlobo

Ukuba impendulo yombuzo yintoni fugue emculweni, loo nkcazelo iya kuba ngokufutshane: umdlalo, ngokusekelwe nokuzalisekisa umxholo amazwi eziliqela. Eli gama livela kwigama Italian for "ukusebenza." Fugue njenge uhlobo owazalwa ngenkulungwane ye-15, xa abaqambi abafuna kummandla ifomu somculo baze bazabalazele ukuthatha umxholo ezahlukeneyo abangasekhoyo. Oku kunokwenzeka kwiintlobo polyphonic.

Ukuba ufuna ukunika impendulo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi umbuzo wokuba yintoni fugue emculweni, loo nkcazelo iya kuba: olu uhlobo fomu Uphawu ngokuyintloko ngenxa yobuciko ezimbejembeje, xa iifom komsebenzi yaba siseko engundoqo zobugcisa. Lo ngukhokho Uhlobo Alexander Poletti, owadala indlela ekuthiwa Fugue namhlanje.

Yintoni na uhlobo lomculo? It is a iseti esekwe-kakuhle iimpawu olusesikweni, uhlobo lugqibelele. Kwaye kungqineke Poletti zonke Ipharamitha fugue, ifitsha yayo ephambili lo polyphony. Le fom iye sathatha konke okusemandleni ukuba iye yasungulwa exelisa nomculo contrapuntal. Xa intliziyo fugue yiyo nayiphi na ingcamango. Ibizwa ngokuba umxholo. Yena fugue gqolo yaphuhliswa kwaye natyetyiswa amazwi ezahlukeneyo, oku kukhokelela zokwazisela yesihloko, lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Izihloko yobubanzi xa ibekwe ngaphakathi wenowuthi enye. Ukugcwalisa isihloko akufunekanga libizwe. Kukho izigaba ezithathu zizonke, kuzo ninamathele fugue.

Yintoni kokwakhiwa? Le yindibaniselwano evumelanayo izinto enembonakalo ethile, evakalisa umxholo. Fugue iquka izinto ezintathu ezifana: Ukucaciswa, uphuhliso kunye nesiphelo. Kwinkcazelo osondeza isifundo onke amazwi, oko uphuhliso izitshixo ezintsha ngokusebenzisa inguqu weendawo. Esi sigqibo umxholo ephambili tonality, ekuqukunjelweni onke amazwi abe mnye. Ukongeza fugues inxalenye ezintathu-ingafunyanwa kunye part-emibini. Kulo mzekelo, uphuhliso kudityaniswe nesiphelo.

Types polyphonic fugue

Ngethiyori, abaqambi umculo, sicamngce lo mbuzo: "Fugue - oko kukuthi," bafika kwisigqibo ukuze kubekho Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezininzi kule uhlobo. Eyona fugue iqhelekileyo - i-inxalenye ezine. Kule fomu isihloko iqala kwenye amazwi, ibizwa ngokuba yinkokeli, waphinda ilizwi imitatsionno yesibini (satellite) ethethela phezulu, ngoko ukususela oomahluko ongena ilizwi lwesithathu ephinda yinkokeli, elandelwa - yisathelayithi simulating yesine.

Kakhulu kunqabile ukuba emibini, emithathu kunye pyatigolosnye fugue. Ezi fom nazo nakhelwe phezu inkokheli kunye satellite, kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi imigca duplicate.

Ukongeza inani leevoti fugue ingohluka ngokuxhomekeke ngendima sihambisana. Waye ngelizwi yesibini okanye ziqulunqe umxholo wakho.

Fugue ngexesha ezimbejembeje

Eli xesha uba fugue uhlobo esembindini, izityebi kwimilo yayo ekwafanekisa isicelo ixesha. -Waziwa kakuhle umculo enye ingcali yale Iogann fuks wabhala othi "Steps to Parnassus 'apho ke wabagwebelayo ukumeka fugue yaye yaqulunqa indlela yokufundisa nakubuchule bayo. Ucacisa indima counterpoint, yaye lo msebenzi iminyaka emininzi iza kuba esisiseko. Ngoko ke, Haydn wafunda counterpoint lo msebenzi.

Le fugues edumileyo, Kakade ke, izenzo J Bach ngenxa harpsichord, wakhe "Kulungile-Wobulali Clavier" libunjwa preludes 24 kunye fugues kuzo zonke izitshixo kunokwenzeka. Le misebenzi eyabangumzekelo ixesha elide. Impembelelo Bach kwi izizukulwana ezilandelayo abaqambi yayininzi, kangangokuba elowo kubo ubuncinane kanye waguqukela fugues yokubhala.

Fugues period Classical

ixesha Classical ekwandiseni fugue ukusuka kumgca ngaphambili. Olu hlobo isesikweni kakhulu. Kodwa abaqambi ezinkulu ezifana uBeethoven kunye Mozart, wabhala fugues, kuquka nabo ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi yakhe. Irubrikhi entsha isigaba. Fugue iyayeka ukuba umsebenzi ozimeleyo kwaye iyinxenye imisebenzi emikhulu. Oku kukhokelela ekuncipheni kancinane ingqiqo amandla lokuvalwa yayo. Umzekelo, uMozart kule yokugqibela "The Magic nelembande" iye yakhetha uhlobo lwe fugue.

Fugue kwinkulungwane yama-20

Ixesha of romanticism ebusweni Verdi, Wagner kunye Berlioz ibuyisela ngenxa ukuthandwa fugue. Kwinkulungwane yama-20, yaye uba umsebenzi elizimeleyo kwakhona, umzekelo ilungu ifakwe zaza ezinkulu. Bartok, Reger, Stravinsky, Hindemith, winky kunye nezinye abaqambi ezininzi, zimvo nokuncama ubomi omtsha fugue, wokubhenca zokwazisela enzulu umsebenzi Bach uBeethoven. counterpoints Free kwaye dissonant na isiseko umculo mihla siphila kuyo.

umculo Contemporary ukuba ukuhlola neentlobo bemveli, yaye kungekhona fugue ngaphandle. Yintoni rhoqo umculo? Le ongenabuyambo kwi mixholo engunaphakade. Ngoko ke Fugue sihlangabezana utshintsho entsha, kodwa akayi kufa.