Cinchona umthi: inkcazelo, isicelo, iimpawu yokwenene yingenelo, Izimo

Le umthi lokuzalwa emangalisayo kwimimandla weentaba Umzantsi Melika. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuye kusiwa kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Cinchona imithi ikhule le ndawo. Kukho kwinguqulo igama isityalo ithiywe emva kokuba umfazi viceroy ePeru, sisidwangube of Chinchon, emva kokuba ayeke ukusuka fever (yezizathu seengcongconi) cinchona ixolo ngo-1638.

Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, cinchona bakhetha zamahlathi. Iimfuno ukufuma komoya aphezulu kunye nomhlaba ofumileyo.

A incinane

Kutshanje, omnye izifo ziqhelekileyo kwaye iyingozi ehlabathini ingqalelo ukuba imalariya, iindleko amawaka abantu nyaka ngamnye. Kumazwe kunye nemozulu nokufuma nefudumeleyo kuyinto ayakwenza. namagqirha yamandulo babekholelwa ukuba isizathu sokuba le ilele sifo umphunga enzima liphuma imigxobhozo. Ngenxa yoko isihloko yakhe (malare - «umoya embi").

Angawaconganga imalariya kunye neMelika. Kodwa bendawo basekuhlaleni baye bafunda ukuba ukunyanga esi sifo soyikekayo. Baye benza ichiza evela intlaka yetropiki. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba balapho kakhulu eli ixolo kakhulu, nto leyo kungabonwa igama - oko ngentlonipho ngokuba "somgadi-nakwinye inyama yenyama", gama elo elithetha "Le ixolo omkhulu."

Xa abeLungu wawazi Melika, bafumanisa ukuba kukho isifo seengcongconi. Kodwa ke abantu bomthonyama Musa ukungxama ukuba atyhile imfihlelo "somgadi-nakwinye inyama yenyama", baqhubeka ziyimfihlo bangaphandle emthini (cinchona). Kwadlula iminyaka ukuze ziqonde i-arhente seengcongconi.

Ukuvela amachiza seengcongconi eYurophu

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII kweli thanga Spanish of Peru njengoko Vice uKumkani uLouis yabamba Tsinhon. Wazama okusemandleni akhe ukunceda abantu abamhlophe ukusombulula imfihlelo-arhente seengcongconi. Ngowe-1638 fever (njengoko ngaloo mihla badla ngokuba seengcongconi) ukugula umfazi wakhe Anna Tsinhon (Chinchon). Kwaye kukho ummangaliso: kuyo waphilisa ixolo kukho ayaziwa emthini.

Emva kwexesha elithile, yagula Luis Tsinhon. Ukugula ngenkani kuye 1641 ukuza eSpeyin. Naye wazisa inyanda ixolo amayeza "somgadi-ngowenyama yenyama". Kodwa ngoxa oogqirha yaseYurophu azibanga nako ukwenza oko ichiza olusebenzayo. LoMbhiyozi Isiphelo: Tsinhon sokuqala ukuya eYurophu an unyango olusebenzayo lwemalariya, ukusuka apho wafa.

Emva koko, lo baseYurophu waphumelela kuzo zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo - iindlela ndikhuphe bendawo amaxolo amayeza alizise kwilizwekazi yakho - ulilungisa, yaye ngokufuthi engenabulungisa. Ekugqibeleni, ichiza wabonakala eYurophu. Ingakumbi nempumelelo unyango seengcongconi ugqirha Talbor (UK). Yena waphila kwesi sifo izigulane ezininzi. Phakathi izigulane bakhe sinombulelo wangena French ukumkani Louis XIV.

Kwathi kanti, netheknoloji yokulungiselela iyeza ke, njengazo zonke brilliant, ngokumangalisayo elula. Bark Wawucolwa ngumgubo ocoliweyo, wathulula newayini. Ngenxa yoko, kakhulu bitters. Ukusuka tuzemskogo igama nto yaziwa ngokuba "umkhwinini". Umthi, elithole uthinte, ngokulandelelana, waba hinnym. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo Russian F. I. xolisa wafumanisa ukuba uthinte unika iimpawu alkaloid yokuphilisa eziqulathwe kuyo. Yena igama umkhwinini.

BaseYurophu sijamelene neengxaki ezinkulu izama ukufumana emahlathini of cinchona (iziyobisi). Kanti ke, nangona ukuthingaza inzalelwane ngenkuthalo ukubanceda, oko imfihlakalo isonjululwe. Kwathi kanti, amaxolo ukuphiliswa na uhlobo lomthi eziliqela ubandakanyeka Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae). Bona nabo sodidi enye, kwaye omkhulu Karl Linney wamnika igama tsinhona. Eyona Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi iyeza wafumana krasnokorkovoe cinchona. Isicatshulwa yale sityalo ithandwa imihla yethu. Oku kusetyenziswa zombini kubantu bemveli kunye amayeza abanam. Kodwa siza kuthetha kamva.

Cinchona: incazelo

Kuyinto i sihlahla ubandakanyeka Rubiaceae. It has Isiqu ngqo neyi, okuphakama ifikelela iimitha mabini. Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, oko njengomfuno enamandla ukuba unalo kwintsunguzi isithsaba ukulenza. umboko ubukhulu - malunga enye eemitha. Isiqu sigqunywe sinombala-izimvi amaxolo, lo gama, njengoko namasebe abaselula abe nombala bubomvu.

amahlamvu

Ovate, ngokubanzi, yaye maxa wambi namagqabi phantse ngeenxa ukufikelela kubude mahlanu cm. Bona zipeyintwe umbala oqaqambileyo oluhlaza, ngokuqhelekileyo ecwebezelayo, bulishica, pubescent ecaleni yegazi. Petioles ukuya ngokweesentimitha ezintlanu. amagqabi Young eziye nje zenzeka evela ithupha, zipeyintwe eqaqambileyo obomvu, ngoko umthi (cinchona) njani ngokucacileyo emahlathini. Mhlawumbi, yaye olu phawu zidityaniswe kunye ilizwi obomvu amasebe abaselula kunye nefuthe igama uhlobo lwe kwisityalo.

iintyatyambo

Cinchona, a photo ungabona kweli nqaku, uye iintyatyambo ezintle kakhulu, eqokelelwa yamaHindu. Zakha shirokopiramidalnye paniculate, inflorescences ezinkulu. flower ngalinye pubescent pyatizubchatym indebe eluhlaza, endaweni egqithiseleyo iziqhamo. Corolla pink pubescent elide ukugoba kunye isithinzi ezintlanu. Uye stamens ezintlanu. Kwisingqusho gustoopushen ezantsi, kunye nebala bifid lomhlathi filamentous. Stamens unokuba ubude ezahlukeneyo. Xa Botany, into ebizwa geterostiliey. Oku kungenxa kukhubazeko nokulungiswa izityalo olusebenzayo cross-uvuvuzelo.

isithelo

Ubonise dvuhgnezdnuyu ibhokisi lume kwi iisentimitha ezintathu ubude, Walathe eziphelweni zombini, umbala omdaka-mdaka. indlwane nganye iphuhliswe ukuya kumashumi amabini anesihlanu imbewu. Imbewu ukushwabana kwaye iflethi, brown ukukhanya ngebala, loo nto ejikelezwe yi tonkopereponchatoe krobo ebanzi etikweni.

ukhuni imbokodo

Sele ethetha into yokuba kwiphandle esi sityalo - ekweleenjiko yoMzantsi Merika. Xa abantu kakhulu cinchona (iipropati ingakumbi), yaqala ingxilimbela-isikali intshabalalo ezi zilwanyana. Ngaloo ndlela okungenaluzsini lwesivuno feedstock.

Ngokwahlukileyo kubantu bendawo, abo ngenyameko kakhulu izityalo zexabiso, baseYurophu ngokusesikweni workpiece iyasebenza kangangokuba umthi (cinchona) wajika kwilizwe lakhe nganeno ngaseludinini kukwaphulwa. Imithi bagawula mercilessly wayinqamla amaxolo kubo. Ngethamsanqa, kanye ngelo xesha kwakukho abantu smart, owaqalisa ukuhlakulela kumasimi cinchona. Kodwa okwanele imbali, siqhubela phambili kwimicimbi practical.

Cinchona: isicelo

Eyona engundoqo kwaye zexabiso ekrwada izinto ekuveliseni iziyobisi na ixolo wayo. Iqulethe 18% of sezakhi, phakathi kwawo:

• quinidine;
• umkhwinini;
• cinchonidine;
• cinchonine kunye nabanye.

Le alkaloid emikhulu umkhwinini, cinchona ixolo iqulathe ukuya kwi 7.5% ukwimo. Oku kunempembelelo eyodwa phezu magciwane seengcongconi - Plasmodium kuchaphazela kubo, ikwesi egazini kunye nomntu owosulelekileyo. iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo ukususela amaxolo omthi cinchona (eyiyo - nezisombululo ityuwa umkhwinini ukuba isitofu) yaguqula ekulweni nezifo kakhulu - imalariya.

oogqirha UK kwanyanzeleka ukuba amajoni ababekhonza e-Indiya nakwezinye amathanga, apho seengcongconi owawugquba, isiselo indihlaziya (Quinic amanzi), nto leyo ke, njengazo zonke iziyobisi zomthi cinchona indize incasa ekrakra. Ngoko ke amajoni bala ukwamkela oku ezingemnandi kodwa kuyimfuneko iindlela, yongeza abe sisibatha kancinane. Ngoko ke wazalwa, uze emva koko limelana kwande kwi West namhlanje isithethe - phambi kokuba iwhiskey othululwayo idinala sisibatha tonic.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe amayeza emveli

Umkhwinini nento yonke eselwayo, apho oko kuza ukwenza ngempumelelo inkqubo yokucola kwabantu ngokubanzi (zombini ubukrakra yemvelo, ukuphucula umdla yinto eqhelekayo secretion zesisu). Kwilizwe lethu, asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izigulana seengcongconi yemveliso umkhwinini amazwe, kufumaneka njengesisombululo (engenazintsholongwane) - dihydrochloride. It kuthengiswa ezineengqayi ukuba ngenaliti.

alkaloid Second - quinidine - kananjalo isicelo amayeza. Oku stereoisomer ye umkhwinini, nto leyo iqulethwe amaxolo iqela kunokuba elikhulu. Kwilizwe lethu uvumelekile ukuba usebenzise umgubo quinidine sulfate. Kuyanconywa ukuba ukwamkela ngenxa arrhythmia, arrhythmia, tachycardia. Cinchona ixolo ngcono ukugaya, iye antipyretic, inyathelo astringent elwa. Wabelwa kungekho kutya, ukudinwa, esiswini, butywala, catarrh ka iphecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla, imalariya, influenza.

ixolo engaphandle asetyenziselwa ukunyanga bedsores, iyabhiqiza imivumbo, njengoko has a iipropati ekuqiniseni libizwe.

Izimo:

• hypersensitivity ngamnye ukuya umkhwinini kunye quinidine;
• ukukhulelwa.

Musa ukuthatha amayeza ezisekelwe cinchona ixolo kunye anticoagulants njengoko kwandisa negalelo lazo emzimbeni.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe amayeza intsomi

quinone Ukolula esetyenziswa njenge-arhente antipyretic. Ngapha koko, oku ngenkuthalo silwe izifo ezosulelayo (umkhuhlane, umzekelo). Okulandelayo, sicinga zokupheka siyobisi ethandwa.

recipes zeMveli: iti cinchonic

Kuza kufuneka itispuni izinto ezomileyo ekrwada, ekufuneka kugalela 250 ml amanzi abilayo kunye nokufaka imizuzu elishumi. Ukuqulunqwa ke ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuze some. Iti isetyenziswa ml-40 ngaphezu kwemizuzu engamashumi amathathu phambi kokuba isidlo. ukwandisa indlela enjalo iphango, kwaye normalizes inkqubo yokwetyisa.

Xa abaphilisi seengcongconi sincoma ukuthatha umkhwinini ukuphuma kwelanga (isahlulo enye - nye ingxowa powder) iintsuku ezintlanu. Emva koko kufuneka kwiintsuku ezimbini ukwenza ikhefu, yaye ke qhubeka ukufumana iintsuku ezimbini. Emva kokuba ukusebenzisa indlela ezifunekayo ukuze ndilale. Oku luyimfuneko. Unyango buhlala iintsuku ezilishumi.

Xa imvelaphi ngokokugqama

Asikwazi sithi, cinchona amaxolo, ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi, kwanika negalelo enamandla kuphuhliso ngokokugqama. Ekuqaleni ukusetyenziswa ugqirha zezityalo Hahnemann (Germany) wabonisa ukuba ichiza, ubanjisiwe iingedosi ezincinane, ebangela iimpawu zesi sifo, nto leyo ngeedosi ezinkulu wabaphilisa. Ngoko ke umgaqo apho ngokokugqama isekelwe - "ezifana uphilisa ezifana".

luthathe uphilisa

Isicatshulwa mthi cinchona - umthombo obaluleke kakhulu umkhwinini. Le nto yaziwa kakuhle. Yaziwa ngemisebenzi yayo kubola, astringent elolonga. Umkhwinini ngenkuthalo asetyenziswe ukunyanga umkhuhlane kunye seengcongconi kumazwe emvula. Ukusetyenziswa ezininzi ukusuka komzimba kunokubangela isicaphucaphu kunye intloko ebuhlungu.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokokugqama

Cinchona - isityalo amayeza, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ngokokugqama. Lusetyenziswa xi ephantsi (D1 kunye D1) kwezingama yobuthathaka okubangelwa sisifo elide kwaye yababuhlungu, secretion ngokwaneleyo juice esiswini. Kwezi amathamo cinchona lisebenza njenge indihlaziya obalaseleyo. Higher lamanani (D4 - D6) ezisetyenziswa neuralgia, yintloko ngamaxesha, unkonkonko, kunye iphika, iyangongoza, izifo zesisu, kwimeko iingxaki kunye nenkqubo biliary, sifo.

Supplements ezesintu

inkampani Nutramedix usebenzisa iteknoloji ekhethekileyo ukuphucula ubume kunye nezokukhupha amaxolo yomthi cinchona. Oku kunika lemveliso nobubanzi obuzeleyo isicatshulwa kunye bioactivity aphezulu.

Notes isicelo

Phambi ukusebenzisa, igutyana kufuneka azanyazanyiswe kakuhle. Yongeza mililitha ezine amanzi ngamathontsi enye ukuya amathathu nencindi, linda umzuzu omnye phambi kokuba besele. Ukuze uqale ukufumana imali kufuneka ibe kwindawo enye kabini yonke imihla phambi kokuba isidlo (phakathi imizuzu engama-30), idosi kufuneka kwandiswe imihla ngemihla, yivusa ukuya amathontsi amathathu (okanye njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha).

Isicatshulwa yenziwa yi NUTRA MEDIX. Ixabiso ibhotile (30 ml) - 2760 engange.

Ukusebenzisa ku cosmetology

Kwaye cosmetology wafumana ukusetyenziswa kwalo mthi emangalisayo (cinchona). ngokusekelwe iziyobisi zalo ixolo zisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izixhobo ukuphucula ukukhula kunye nolwakhiwo iinwele. Amaninzi kusetyenziswa ezi iinjongo Khipha cinchonic. Uye protivoseboreynoe impahla, ngoko kakuhle alwe ehambayo. It ibhalwa arhente zonyango kunye ishampu anti-ehambayo. ishampu ezinjalo ukulawula ukutya uze ubuyisele iinwele, iyenza limenyezelayo kwaye uyaphila. isicatshulwa utywala kunempembelelo entle nokufunxwa kwezinto kwezondlo ebonakalayo iiseli yesikhumba, ngempumelelo ukukhula iinwele.

Umoya kunye ishampu eziqulathe umkhwinini - njengomthombo wamandla ukwenzela kwiindawana buthathaka kwaye udinwe. Kuthethwa kakuhle kakhulu ukuzinakekela, osusa inkwethu, lwenza combing lula. Ngokomzekelo, ngeshampu nebhalsam Klorane, leyo ziveliswa nengqayi izakhono ml 100 no-200 (287 kunye nexabiso 512 engange).

Ngaphezu koko, umkhwinini idla ifakiwe kuhlanganiselo izithambiso ezahlukeneyo sunscreen kuba lokucoca zendalo ekhusela ulusu kwimiphumo eyingozi kwelanga.

Xa ndiqukumbela, ndithanda ukuba bathi cinchona lubanesiphumo impiliso enamandla ngokwenene, kodwa kufuneka ungalibali ukuba kwetyhefu yendalo, yaye ngoko non-ukuthobela imiyalelo, ukuzeyisa iyeza akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Unyango, ithamo kufuneka imiselwe kuphela ngugqirha khona.