Church of Enkulu uMikayeli, Yaroslavl: imbali, inkcazo kunye umdla facts

E Yaroslavl, ngomhla elunxwemeni Kotorosl River - ke uviko lasekunene iVolga, nguye Spaso-Preobrazhensky eMonastri, yasekwa emva kwinkulungwane XI. On omabini kokuba lingqongwe endlwini Epiphany kunye Church of Arhangela Mihaila. Yaroslavl - esinye sezixeko zindala Russian, kwaye mandulo ngokulinganayo aba iitempile. Omnye wabo, lowo yamiselwa imbeko zithunywa-inkokeli yomkhosi wasemazulwini, namhlanje, njengokuba kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, ikomkhulu nokunyamekelwa yokomoya amajoni zomhlaba - Defenders ze iLizwe loobawo.

ubungqina obubhaliweyo lokuqalwa yeCawa

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi nini kwaye ngaye ibandla Mihaila Arhangela yasekwa ngo Yaroslavl, ogama imbali kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo kulo mzi, sixelele yemihla yamandulo iincwadi zonqulo eziye yasinda ukuba namhlanje. Omnye wabo, eyenziwe 1530 yaye equlathe ebomini Abathetheli Basil kunye Constantine, kuba ukuthobeka kunye nobomi elimhlonelayo lamiselwa, kwaye ithi iNkosana Novgorod, uKonstantin Vsevolozh babekwa phantsi kuye iitempile ezimbini Yaroslavl. Omnye wabo Cathedral le lusekeleke, kwaye eyesibini - ibandla Arhistratiga Mihaila, umxhasi saint yabantu yokulwa. Ukwazi wolawulo iNkosana Novgorod kunye nomhla ibhukmaki kwingcinga Cathedral, kulula ukubona ukuba ibandla ekuthethwa ngayo kweli nqaku, yakhiwa malunga 1215.

Kwakhona iqulethe iinkcukacha umdla ezigcinwe icawe ngqangi kwenkulungwane XVIII. Ithi ukuba yakhiwa ngo-1216, yaye bema ngempumelelo iminyaka engamashumi asibhozo. Kodwa ke umfazi wakhe ukwabelana Yaroslavl Prince Fyodor Rostislavovich Black Anna, ukufumana kwakhe esihle kakhulu, wayalela ukuba achithe, kodwa ukubeka icawa entsha kwisiza.

umfazi isipho Khan Nogay

Ekuweleni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba sibini, inkosana, owaya ibhukmaki ibandla elitsha, i kakhulu ibali yothando. Isibakala sokuba mbali bytuyuschaya ifani Black Kwandile libizwa ngokuba oluBomvu, oko kukuthi "elihle". Ngokutsho yeziKronike, iingxelo, ngokwenene waba enqabileyo handsome, yaye ngenye imini, ebudeni utyelelo Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, oko zingqondweni uthando kunye nomfazi Khan Nogay.

Akukho nzima ukuba athelekelele into ukuze zikhule zibe Nekhwele indoda yakhe, ukuba nkqu isizathu encinane sele inikwe yona. Kodwa umfazi waba kwizilumko neengqondi - akukho nto yakonto intombi baseByzantium loMlawuli Michael VIII Paleologue. ukungabinako ukunika prince Russian intliziyo yam, wamnika uPenina umkakhe kunye nentombi ozithandayo, uAnna ungenisa igama Orthodox. Naye okhathalayo waliseka Church Arhangela Mihaila (Yaroslavl).

Church - isikhumbuzo kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo

Ngomhla kutheni inkosazana Russian imvelaphi Tatar-Greek igqibe zokumngcwalisa ibandla onobuhandiba ka Arhangela Mihaila, kukho yeengcinga eziliqela. Eyona ukuba ezi zithathwa ukuba babe babini. On omnye wabo yenziwa kwinkumbulo sikayise - Michael VIII Palaeologus. Enye hypothesis ubona isigqibo sayo hlungu ngumntu omthandayo, kodwa indodana ngokukhawuleza umfi uMikayeli - unyana Black Prince Fedor ukusuka kumtshato wangaphambili.

Siye yasinda icon eziliqela agcinwe etempileni ukususela kwixesha Princess Anne. Lo mfanekiso Arhangela Mihaila, lowo kwixesha yiSoviet ekuqokelelweni i Tretyakov Gallery, sidumisa ezimbini icon - Lady yethu noVladimir kunye ESmolensk, nomfanekiso ka St. Antoniya Velikogo, ngokutsho abaphandi, lowo owayephakathi kwalo icon ecaweni kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, njengokuba ngaphambili ebandleni kwabakho Wena mboni, abazinikele imbeko saint.

Isimo lenqaba itempile

Kwinkulungwane XVII kummandla ongqonge icawa wanikwa abatoli ityala, okt abantu bokulwa, onyulwe uMikayeli, inkokeli yomkhosi wasemazulwini, nguye umxhasi. Kungokwemvelo ukuba ukususela iBandla uye wafumana iwonga kaNdikhoyo ekampini wetempile, lowo ilandelwa yi kusekhona. Ngelo xesha linye isakhiwo ibandla endala, kwagqitywa ukuba kuhlaziywe yaye inxalenye yakhiwa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba bamsa ukugqithiselwa etempileni War kwiSebe imbeko ngaphezu imali efunekayo ukuze kwakhiwe. Yaroslavl oomantyi abantu ezincinane kakhulu, yaye umsebenzi kubhanga kwekhulu ngekota. Bagcina kuphela ngo-1682, ekuqaleni kobukumkani Peter I - umphathi omkhulu, wakhulula umxhasi wasezulwini yomkhosi eninzi inkathazo.

Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali umsebenzi zomkhosi kwenziwa ikakhulu kwiminikelo Yaroslavl abarhwebi, kakuhle, lowo uhlawula, njengokuba usazi, uyibiza obalelwa. Yonke kwenziwa ngokungqinelana kweminqweno babaxhasi ogama ezithandwa zitshintshile ngaphezu kwakanye kwekhulu kwikota. Ngenxa yoko, ibandla Arhangela Mihaila (Yaroslavl) ithathe iimpawu itempile eziliqela style bokwakha.

Church of St. iNgelosi Enkulu: inkcazo

Ngokubanzi, uyafana nabanye iitempile Yaroslavl wakha ngexesha elifanayo. Oku kusekelwe phezu quadrangular umlungise apses ezintathu - uqikelelo omise, apho ibekwe ngaphakathi izibingelelo. Ubume yonke imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwisiseko phezulu, inxalenye esezantsi ye sakhiwo. Igcina impahla okuthengiswayo kwimarike, thina kude - malunga imiphefumlo yabo zosiwe abarhwebi, kodwa akazange Ungalibali nobutyebi. , neegalari Ekuqaleni, iindonga esemantla nasentshona zagutyungelwa, ezibe ezimbini ivaranda ende, ezihonjiswe openwork mifanekiso. gallery ntshona kuphela iye yasinda kuzo namhlanje.

Kakade ke, indlela jikelele izongezelelo intsimbi inqaba, wakha isicelo abaxhasi ngemali, abarhwebi kwi indlela ethandwayo ka Yaroslavl - eqatha, ukuhlamba, noluya intente encinane. Xa ibandla kukho Izindlwana ezimbini, kunye ngasentla, bamiselwa imbeko abasebenzi ummangaliso Solovetsky, ethwele kwinqaba elihle. Emva kodonga itempile ezihonjiswe izakhelo ezintle window kunye ibhulukwe - engontsini square eludongeni, phakathi apho tiles ezimibala-odolo.

esekelwe indlu kunye nobungqina obubhaliweyo elidlulileyo

Church of St. iNgelosi Enkulu e Yaroslavl, ebesoloko idume ngemizobo yayo eludongeni, wabulawa 1731 Iqela ngabapeyinti elikhokelwa Fodora Fodorova. imizobo yabo, Eboniswe iyelenqe lula ukudluliswa, into sifunda print Russian ezithandwayo, kwaye aqhelekile kwixesha kamva zophuhliso kule uhlobo kufanekisela.

Egcinwe endlwini le ncwadi, ebizwa "irekhodi yokuthintela" Kuqulunqwe kunyaka 1761-1825 umbingeleli Semonom Egorovym, uthi kulo ibandla, ngaphandle imifanekiso evela kumaxesha amandulo, kugcinwe Yisilivere iqabele kunye ezingcwele zabangcwele, kukhanya ezweni Yaroslavl . Ngaphezu koko, umsebenzi wakhe iinkcukacha malunga iziganeko, leyo ubungqina kule minyaka i Church Arhangela Mihaila (Yaroslavl).

neminyaka yokungahoywa

Kumaxesha Soviet, abakwindawo nephulo likazwelonke lokulwa nolwaphulo-zonqulo ebanzi kweli lizwe, waza waba Yaroslavl. Church Mihaila Arhangela - ekampini, apho ethandaza, uya edabini, izizukulwana ezininzi wamajoni Russian, yavalwa kwaye yaba yokugcina. Ngowe-1925, babamba baza bathumela ukuba zanyibilika iintsimbi zayo, nempahla yonke kunye namanye amaxabiso baphanga nje. Iqela elincinane kakhulu kubo ukuba sele namhlanje inokufumaneka kwiimyuziyam elizweni jikelele.

Le meko iye yatshintsha ukuba ngcono gqira, xa ibandla Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl) kwiCEMIS kogcino Museum City. wenziwa nokubuyiselwa kwayo akakhethi buso, kodwa imali evela kurhulumente akwanelanga, kwaye ngabancedi zangaphambili abarhwebi elide atshoniswe zisabonakala.

Endleleni eya recovery

Netempile wahlala isiqwenga imyuziyam, esetyenziswa kwiimfuno zekhaya, ukuya ku-1992, de ekugqibeleni babuyiselwa kwiCawa yobuOthodoki. Ngeli xesha, ngenxa yokuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente yokutshintsha ngokuphathelele unqulo, iitempile ezininzi nezigodlo, ikakhulu kususwa ukusuka othembekileyo wabuyela abanini zabo zangaphambili. Ezi zibandakanya ibandla Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl).

Ishedyuli iinkonzo ngaloo minyaka, yaye namhlanje ingabonwa kuphela kwiingcango esiphelweni ekumazantsi - inxalenye efudumeleyo ibandla, leyo ukubuyiselwa ke yagqitywa. Ezinye isakhiwo nangoku ivaliwe kwi yokutshixa kwaye belinde kwamaphiko. Kulo wenza kuphela umsebenzi balutyabeka yaye iifestile zeglasi anegazi ibuyiselwe.

iminikelo isiko

Amatyala usekhona eninzi, kuba ebudeni beminyaka yetempile yokuvukela yileyo kwabona umonakalo omkhulu. Ngowe-1995, yena kwakhona, njengoko kule minyaka yokuqala, enikelwe nesimo webandla ikampu. Kodwa umsebenzi wokulungisa le nto ukuze ikhawuleziswe ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokubonwa ngaphandle ngokwamandla abaxhasi ngokuzithandela Church of Mikayele uMikayeli (isixeko Yaroslavl) liyahlonyelwa kubuya usiphilise ngokupheleleyo.

Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba imihla yethu lungapheli umhlaba Russian aphesheya yokuzithandela. Ngokusesikweni, ipesenti mali imali ukusuka kwimali iyonke umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa mali khange ibhengeziwe, kodwa ke ngokwendlela umlinganiselo apho ngenxa zonqulo minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ukuba kube senkangala ngaphambili, ukuthatha ifomu bakhe, loo mkhulu ngokwaneleyo.

Indlela eya kuthi ibandla Arhangela Mihaila?

Indawo engcwele - Yaroslavl kunye nezinye izixeko zifakiwe kwi-Golden Ring of Russia - ngoku yeyona watyelela njengomhambi ngezonqulo kunye kubakhenkethi. Iziko kwimbali Yaroslavl, idweliswe njenge UNESCO kuba lixabiso zembali ezibalulekileyo bezobugcisa. Apha kulo lonke elo lizwe ukusuka kwamanye amazwe itsala amawaka abantu ukuphefumla okanye umoya nanto yamhlamnene. Kodwa hayi kuphela ilifa lenkcubeko kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo iVolga isixeko odumileyo.

Waziwa ngokuba iitempile ayo, ubonakala phakathi ngalo ibandla Mihaila Arhangela, ukuxelwa kwalo ngoku afumaneka ebomini eziprintiweyo kwaye kwiiwebhusayithi yelo kuyo. Apha, sisezindongeni ubungqina iinkonzo zonqulo ezininzi, umthandazo otyebileyo ngakumbi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwimeko ukubuya abantu iingcambu zawo zokomoya izinyanya asingabo kuphela lizimisele unqulo wayo; kodwa konsathi ze weekwayara intsimbi umculo ibanjwa rhoqo Agasti kwi "Inguqu 'abantu ezweni emthendelekweni. Thatha inxaxheba kuzo, kunye namaqela zobungcali, kunye iikwayala ibandla, adalwe mabandla ngamnye. yokucula, sikhatshwe ukukhala kweentsimbi, uba uphawu wobungcwele, ukuqubula emva kwamashumi yobumnyama bokomoya kunye senkangala.