Castle Georgenburg: ifoto, idilesi, uhambo

Kunzima ukutsho kutheni iinqaba ukuze bemlinga abantu. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa kukuba kule minyaka 500 idlulileyo, "propiarili 'yabo entle Ababhali zokuqala zokulwa, nasemva - i-bhanya nkqu bemeko- imidlalo yekhompyutha.

In Russia kuphela nje ezimbalwa iinqaba aphakathi asinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. Phantse bonke bephela, ngaphandle ngamaRoma inqaba eCrimea, ibekwe kummandla North-Western, kuquka kummandla kummandla Kaliningrad. Omnye wabo Georgenburg enqabeni yawo.

LeTeutonic kartel

Le Mbasa German yasekwa ngayo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-12 ePalestina ngu nabasemzini waseJamani, ukuseka esibhedlele ngenxa bakhaya abagulayo wayilimaza. Kungekudala, walitshintsha ulwalathiso imisebenzi yayo waza waba imfazwe yokomoya. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-13 lalivela ikomkhulu esinguMyalelo weNkundla, ibekwe kwidolophu wohlobo lwe Eschenbach, yaye kamva osezandleni Nuremberg.

Ngowe-1217 leTeutonic Knights baya iphulo nxamnye abahedeni Prussia. Ukoyisa emazweni abo, bakha iinqaba ezininzi, apho bebeyeke khona iinkampu ukuba ukukhusela bahlali German.

Omnye wabo Königsberg, leyo eyakhelwe indawo Tuvangste yamandulo zokuhlala ngo-1255.

Emva kweminyaka 18 looding leTeutonic phantsi umyalelo eDietrich Lidelau bafika elumelwaneni lwaloo Chernyakhovsk mihla, waza wasithimba zobuhedeni inqaba Prussians Saminis Vick, ogama lakhe bubonakala Stone yokuhlala. Okulandelayo kuyo kwakukho zokuhlala Tamman kunye Valkau. Noko ke, abazange ukubamba enqabeni, ngoko ke Knights kwanyanzeleka ukuba umhlala phantsi.

Teutons entsha eza kwenzeka ngo-1336. Eli xesha, eli phulo yaphumelela, yaye yasekwa Insterburg nqaba. inkangeleko wakhe awayethe someleza Order leTeutonic kula mazwe.

ale nqaba

Ngowe-1337, kwaye kwacaca ukuba Insterburg akanakukwazi ukubaginya bonke Knights eziyimfuneko ukukhusela umdla yoMyalelo. Emva koko, 2.5 km ukusuka inqaba ngokwemiyalelo iNkosi leTeutonic Order Vinriha yangasemva Kniprode inqaba ngomthi yakhiwa, ogama emva St George Georgenburg. Xa amaxwebhu zembali isixeko kuqala okhankanywe 1354 ngokunxulumene kuhlaselwa kwakhe phantsi kwephiko Lithuanian Kestutis. Ngokukodwa, xa umlando Wigand of yeMarburg unalo kwirekhodi 1/3 yomkhosi Lithuanian, ebuya evela Vela, wahlasela nqaba nihle naye umonakalo omkhulu. Kuphangwa kwenziwa kamva.

Ekubeni Georgenburg somthi Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba akhusele, iNkosi IMbasa komyalelo Vinriha yangasemva Kniprode 1380 emva kwexesha, le nqaba kutshatyalaliswa kunye iinqaba namatye wakha.

Imbali kwenkulungwane ye-16

Kwisiqingatha sesibini nqaba ngenkulungwane ye-14 Georgenburg ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi wabaphangi. Ngokukodwa, amaxesha ambalwa ukuba bahlaselwa Lithuanians kwaye AmaTatar, nezibonda abaqeshwe, ukuzama tyhala Teutons kunye namazwe abo angaphambili. Umonakalo omkhulu kwabangelwa kwisikhulu enqabeni Gonshevskim. Yena wahlasela Georgenburg kwi intloko Mongol-AmaTatar, izakhiwo ezininzi yadilizwa emhlabeni, ngamakhoboka abantu abaselula, kwakunye inani elikhulu weenkomo. Ngaphandle koku, ilifa sele awukabuyi, yaye de 1525 Georgenburg ukhenketho inqaba leyo zithandwa kakhulu namhlanje, wasala usetyenziswa yokuhlala zikabhishophu Zamlandskogo. Ngelo xesha weza ilifa iNkosi 34 uMyalelo leTeutonic kunye lokuqala Prussia Duke Albrehta Gogentsollerna.

Emva kweminyaka 120 Georgenburg nqaba kwikhompyutha nangezinto. Kamva, kule minyaka 1643-1648 kwaye bexesha Years War enqabeni yomkhosi ekwakusetyenzwa ngayo balwa.

Imbali kwi-18 - kwenkulungwane ye-19

Isehlakalo obalulekileyo kwimbali nqaba yaqala ngo-1709, xa, emva kwesibetho esalidlakaza mmandla, Friedrich Wilhelm kuqala Wayinika ibe ngumnini karhulumente. Noko ke, elo ngeenxa wahlala owayehlala kude ningashukunyiswa abantu Austria Salzburg.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-18, uyise nonyana yangasemva Koydell yasekwa ngowe Georgenburg ifama, apho baqalisa ukuzalela amahashe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Prussia Sizibandakanye ihashe lokuvelisa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Nkqu amaxesha Order leTeutonic bekukho exutywe 2 ngokungeyondalo: wengingqi Prussia "Schweich" kunye ezinkulu ihashe "chivalrous". Ixabiso le imazi yehashe ilungiselelwe amaphulo zomkhosi, brand zafikelela-18, lo gama i inyathi wawusele ixabisa. Ukuze ngasemva usapho Koydell baqhubeka kuphela izithethe ezizukileyo wehashe yokuzalela Prussia. Zamahashe bethengisa Trakehner kwifama stud. Ukususela-1740 kule enqabeni okokuqala eJamani iye yabanjwa itumente samahashe kwi kuzuba kwi kwendawo, leyo eyaziwa ngokuba Hunting iyaxhuma.

Ebudeni beMfazwe kweminyaka esixhenxe leyo, enqabeni Georgenburg yoyiswa imikhosi yaseRashiya, yaye yabeka yokuhlala Russian Field Marshal SF Apraksin.

Inkcazelo kwilali ngenkulungwane ye-18

Lukanus mbali washiya uxwebhu apho kukhankanywa ukuba kufuphi enqabeni yomkhosi ibekwe Georgenburg izityalo ukuze imveliso utywala kunye nembeleko. Kukho kwakhona ibandla, nto leyo eye ukumila kwenqaba, yakhiwa ngamatye ebomvu ngo-1693. Ngaphakathi ibandla ukuba iphangalele yaye isibingelelo omhle kakhulu kwaye pulpiti, ilitye nokucacisa eqingqiweyo. Ezijongene necawa sasikhona vicarage. Kwilali ngokwayo kwakuba isitalato elinye elide. Wayephila kuphela seengcibi. Ukongeza, le ndawo igadi eqaqambileyo, apho ngo-1739 liququzelele itheko kunye nxaxheba kaKumkani Fridriha Vilgelma.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yeshumi elinesithoba, Prussia liye enkundleni ukuze Napoleonic Wars. Ukulwa yayisenzeka ezijikeleze isixeko namhlanje Chernyakhovsk. Ngexesha uhlaselo Königsberg ngo-1812 kwi enqabeni Georgenburg ikomkhulu Marshal Davoust L .. Emva kwemfazwe, Prussia wathengisa yinxalenye yomhlaba ongokarhulumente-kubantu babucala. Ngokukodwa, ngowe-1814, Königsberg Georgenburg ufumene yarhwebelana Heine, ngubani kamva wathengisa ngayo kwi Simpsons, uyinzala abavela Scottish.

stud

Ngowe-1828, The Simpsons yasekwa ngowe Georgenburg stud, leyo kungekudala waduma kude ngaphaya kwemida Prussia. impumelelo Le nkampani iye lubonakale ngo-1840 Friedrich Wilhelm Simpsons yesine wanikwa liqhawe.

Iingcali georgenburgskogo Stud Trakehner sikwazile ukuzisa ubunzima avareji, luphazanyiswe ukunqumla Prussia "Schweich" namahashe IsiNgesi. Yenye zibonakaliswa omnye makamisele ngeyona nto intle Yaphathana kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu. Imfuno yamahashe stud yefama Georgenburg sasisikhulu kangangokuba yena ukuthengisa amahashe hayi kuphela Prussia, kodwa zithunyelwe uBukhosi Russian. Thenga le ihashe aba- ntu kuphela mkhulu kakhulu. Kwaye kule mini ephila ilivo le yehashe Bacchus, nto leyo 1872 yayithengiswa ngexabiso ezisemagqabini-32 000 DM. Emva kokufa ilungu lokugqibela sodidi Simpsons Georgenburgsky enqabeni yomkhosi kunye kwifama stud, ihashe yomqhubi kunye norhulumente Prussia ezifunyenwe ngokuhlawula amanqaku million ezintathu. Xa emi izitali 200 zamahashe ekhethiweyo.

Imbali Georgenburg enqabeni kwingingqi eKaliningrad ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Ekuveleni kweyama-19 kunye 20, amaqela nqaba zaye ngokupheleleyo zakhiwa. Ngelo xesha linye kuye kutshatyalaliswa, ezinye izakhiwo ephakathi. Injongo yokwakha yimfuneko ukudibanisa ifama stud yokutshixa. Ngenxa yoko, waba olungaphambili emazantsi inqaba.

Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kwi kummandla District Insterburg ngokutsha wangena-amabutho Russian. Noko ke, iimfazwe ezibalulekileyo kulo mmandla wayengekho. Amajoni namagosa omkhosi Russian uyalelwe ukuba ukubonisa intlonelo abantu bakule kwakubon 'ukuba kukho isicwangciso Insterburgskogo weSithili ukuba eqale eRashiya.

Emva kwemfazwe ngo-1919 ngenxa yeemanyano izitali mveliso Georgenburg karhulumente. Kukho aphula ipaki elihle ngasemthonjeni kunye nezitali, inqatyisiwe udonga yezitena imitha-ababini bakhe. Kwifama ihashe obandakanyeka amahashe ezizalayo Hanoverian, Holsteiner kunye kwakha Trakehner, ezenzelwe ukuba singenele samahashe Olimpiki.

Sele 1938 imfuyo zamahashe East Prussia, laqhubeka kwilifa, ifikelele inani 230-240 izilwanyana. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho amabini omnye amahashe zohlobo Arabhu.

imbali olunye

Ukususela ekuqaleni Second World War i estate kunye Georgenburg Castle (ifoto ethathiweyo ngeli xesha, yabona. Ngezantsi) wangena akukho xesha kakhulu kwimbali yawo. Ngexesha kokurhoxa imikhosi yaseJamani onke amahashe basiwa eJamani. washiya Stud yaye inkoliso intonga amaJamani yobuhlanga, ngoko enqabeni phantse lilambatha.

Ngo-1945 i-Estate ajikwa kwilali ekuthiwa Mayevka waqala apho abafudukayo ukusuka RSFSR ukufika. Ngelo xesha kwi enqabeni wavula kwinkampu transit, apho amabanjwa isiJamani okulwa igcinwe. Ngenxa lidlula abantu abamalunga nama-250 000. Malunga amabanjwa, abangazange abuyele eJamani, namhlanje ufana umnqamlezo ilitye Mayevka. Amabanjwa ezisetyenziswa kumsebenzi wokwakha. Ngokukodwa, izandla zawo zezikhali zamaxesha aphakathi isitena ibandla, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba isibingelelo layo elihle.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, le nqaba yayisetyenziswa njengendawo entolongweni, yaye kamva - njengoko Infectious Diseases Hospital, eyathatha de 70s. Emva koko ke wamnikela ngenxa lwezindlu.

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union

Namhlanje, abakhenkethi beza Mayevka ukubona imibombo yommandla eKaliningrad, bona kuphela emanxuweni nqaba Georgenburg. Oku akumangalisi, ukususela 1939 de ekuweni kwesakhiwo eSoviet Union, ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engaphezu kwama-700, wabuyiselwa.

Ngo-1990, ngabembi waqala lwenzelwa kumhlaba nqaba. Izazinzulu iintsalela zezakhiwo kade ixesha aphakathi sele bunako, kodwa umsebenzi iphele kungekudala. Ekupheleni kwale 90 Georgenburg kugqithiselwa ingqesho yexesha elide "Russian Insurance Bank." Noko ke, ukuze udale ku iziko yenkcubeko kunye nokuzonwabisa enqabeni yomkhosi, njengoko kwanziwe izicwangciso, akunakwenzeka ngenxa yamanzi nengxaki zezimali.

Castle Georgenburg e Chernyakhovsk ruinizirovatsya yaqala, oko waqala ukufumana izinto ikhusi nangokungabahloniphi abantu ngaphandle yokuhlala esisigxina.

Le meko yaba nokuba ngxelo imbi kakhulu xa ngo-2009 kwabakho umlilo enkulu inqaba. Emva konyaka, yena, phakathi kwezinye ezikhumbuzo zembali kunye zokwakha, wanika ROC.

ukuzalwa

Ngo-Apreli 2010, kunye nemvume abameli eBandleni enqabeni Georgenburg (Idilesi: ummandla eKaliningrad, kwisithili kwilali Chernyakhovsky Mayevka) waqalisa umsebenzi wokulungisa. Bona nxaxheba abakhutheleyo zezi: NGO "elinguVimba", ulutsha of Local Imbali Society "White Unomyayi", iklabhu abalandeli yolwakhiwo ngokutsha zembali "Bears of the North", abafundi eKaliningrad bekholeji kwimizi-zokufundisa, amarhamente zeCawa Arhangela Mihaila, kunye nabahlali abaninzi Chernyakhovsk. Kuqala kwinto zonke, kwakukho ukucoca elikhulu-isikali enqabeni yomkhosi, 18 bathathwa iilori inkunkuma kuwo. Ukongeza, kukho isuswe kwamatyholo, ukuba kokuphalwa cobblestones kwintendelezo endala, wayibuyisela uphahla, amanzi kunye nogutyulo enye izakhiwo lokusinda.

uphuhliso kwezokhenketho

Ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso ngenxa lombutho nqaba-museum "Georgenburg" zaqala umthendeleko ngokutsha yembali ngoJulayi 2010. Kwaba kunye namagqudu ngeenxa kummandla kunye neminye imimandla Russia.

Okwangoku, ukuphuhliswa kokhenketho e Mayevka eziqhutywa kwifama stud kufutshane nqaba kunye bekhululekile, kwihotele mihla. Ngesicelo kweendwendwe bayo bonke abanomdla Iihambo Georgenburg nqaba. Abakhenkethi apho ke kuloo nqaba exhotyiswe indawo Chargrill. Qaphela ukuba enqabeni Georgenburgskom ukuvalwa etywaleni.

Uphi Georgenburg Castle

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, le Isibonelelo sokhenketho ise kwilali Mayevka. Inokubuyiselwa wawusuka kwisixeko Chernyakhovsk ibhasi. Yena ihamba rhoqo ngeyure nganye. Xa imozulu intle, abakhenkethi bacetyiswa ukuba athathe uhambo ukusuka enqabeni yomkhosi ngeenyawo Chernyakhovsk. ubude umendo uya kuba km 2. Kule meko iya kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba baphile iimbono ezintle lokuvula lock ukusuka ecaleni kwendlela.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba yintoni excursion umdla Georgenburg enqabeni yomkhosi. Chernyahovsk ukwazi ukunikela abatyeleli kunye nolwazi nezinye iindawo ezinika umdla ezifana Church St. Michael kaThixo, emanxuweni nqaba kunye imboniselo Insterburg Zaal, Bismarck Tower, iholo idolophu entsha kunye nabanye.