Art othengisa. Master Jewelcrafting

Ubucwebe art - is akha iimveliso ezahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo amatye anqabileyo zokusebenzisa GEMS. Ekuqaleni, izinto zange nje ngenxa yobuhle, kodwa ukuze abethelele umgangatho ophezulu entlalweni yomnini okanye umnini. Kwakhona izacholo qho umsebenzi omlingo. Bona asetyenziswa, umzekelo, njengoko namakhubalo zokuzikhusela mascots. Imbali izacholo lisukela emva kudala. Ekuqaleni, ukudalwa izacholo akuthethi naluphi na uhlobo processing yaba. Ukusuka ekudaleni ngonaphakade uhombiso ngakumbi ezimbaxa kunye nobunzima ukutyhubela iinkulungwane lugqibelele ubugcisa, iingcibi. Makhe umkhondo ngembali izacholo lwabaxongxi basibiza siziinkosi enkulu.

Egypt yamandulo

Othengisa art yasungulwa ngokumangalisayo kakuhle eYiputa yamandulo. Kwezihombo wadala apho, kusekho nqa ubuhle bayo nezintsonkothe. Xa uhlobo idla Ndiyayithanda imifanekiso woothixo yamandulo. AmaYiputa amandulo ayekholelwa ukuba nohombisoa lwenziwa imisebenzi zobugqi: ukukhusela nezifo kunye yomabophe embi, ikhonkco indoda amandla endalo.

Faka izinto lathembela iinxalenye ezithile omzimba. Okokuqala, kwaba kummandla intliziyo (kucingwa umzimba ebonakalayo). Ukuze amkhusele, isifuba enxibe imveliso in uhlobo a scarab. Beetle ubonisa amandla, umsebenzi, uvuko. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo yaba phakathi ebunzi. iinkosi zamandulo, enza izivatho ngenxa yakhe, usebenzisa iisimboli amandla nobulumko, efana nomfanekiso nenyoka. Ukuthetha netheknoloji lokuvelisa iimveliso, kokuba kuqwalaselwe ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi nokusukelana kunye ngentlabo, kwaye wayeyithanda izinto amaYiputa igolide, nesilivere, obsidian kunye neametiste.

Greece yamandulo

ahlukahlukeneyo Great kwaye ngobuciko ezahlukeneyo izihombiso yamandulo ubugcisa eGrisi. A ubuchule oluthandayo iinkosi yaba afakwe - ukwenza umzekelo entsonkothileyo ngegolide okanye isiliva iingcingwana ezibhityileyo, soldered ukuba isiqalo otyhidiweyo. Amaninzi esetyenzisiweyo kule kuyilo obuneentyatyambo kuyo: umfanekiso wombala, amagqabi, umdiliya.

Ukususela izinto ngaphezu yonke igolide abandimisela - intsimbi amaGrike amandulo iye iipropati zobugqi. Ngokubanzi, izacholo wagxininisa ubume umnini, ngoko ke kunzima ngakumbi ukubhitya kwaye umsebenzi, kokukhona ebiza kakhulu kuya kubanceda na. abafazi Rich Greek ayenxiba iintlobo ngeentlobo izacholo. Xa nodumo iimveliso ezinkulu kuba saphicotha lunwele kunye entanyeni, ngokunjalo izacholo. Ngaphandle Mhlawumbi ukuba Sparta - abafazi bobulali baba izacholo iluhlaza yaye zinhle, wakhetha ubucwebe metal elula.

Jewelcrafting Renaissance

Jewelry Renaissance awayeza ayive zabo, ubuhle kunye nokuphelela. Masters wasebenzisa ezahlukeneyo ubuchule, kuquka izithombe, ukusika kunye lwawo. kakhulu ukuba baphenjelelwa zizithethe bamandulo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba sele yenziwe, kwaye okufana ezo mpawu minyaka.

Ngoko ke, lo izacholo ayikho kangako zibonisa ubume umnini, njengoko igxininisa incasa eling'awukazi kunye nomfanekiso- ngqondweni. Bahlukile kunye eyahlukileyo. amatye semi-elinqabileyo, neyeeperile kunye iindawo ezintle enameled bahombise izacholo nje kuphela, kodwa iilokhwe manenekazi aluhlaza '. Zithanda kunye namakhonkco enkulu nokumiswa.

E Jamani, iinkosi asetyenziswa iimathiriyeli engaqhelekanga kakhulu: oonokrwece ikhokhonathi, amaqanda eenciniba kunye Shell.

Bejewellery Ancient Rus

Russian izinto zobugcisa unembali enkulu. Ubungqina boku le mihla ngabembi: umgangatho kunye ebalalanisa yomsebenzi weengcibi yamandulo hit ngoku. Jewelry vutshila Russia yamandulo wayenempebelelo kwiinkcubeko yaseScandinavia, Oriental kunye baseByzantium, kwaye ngexesha elinye kuhlangene namasiko iintsomi kunye nezithethe.

Masters kuzo zonke iimbombo Kievan Rus 'baba ziinkosi kobuchule nobunzima kakhulu, kuquka ekubunjweni ubugcisa, afakwe nomlilo zegolide. Novgorod yayidume izihombiso zawo ezenziwe ngamatye anqabileyo. Kiev bejewellery kunye unekhono ukusingatha GEMS. Uluhlu lwemenu lwe zixhaphakileyo Ngabo babizwa ngokuba amakhonkco etempileni, ezo iye yaba iinwele okanye axhonywe ukusuka ngesigqubuthelo sentloko. Kwakhona Abafazi babenxiba ezahlukeneyo izacholo namaso kunye namacici.

ERussia XIV - eminyaka XVII

Ngokufika kwe-Tatar-Mongol aweza izacholo lishishini nakala kulityalwa phantse leminyaka. ngabafundisi abaninzi bafa okanye kokuthinjelwa umsebenzi abalawuli mkhosi. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIV iqala ukubuyela ngcembe ukuya zobugcisa yamandulo. Jewelry iziko yobugcisa uba eMoscow, nto leyo ubuchule ethandwa kakhulu afakwe yesilivere.

In XVI - ngokubonakalayo iinkulungwane XVII izacholo art isebenzisa lwawo kunye GEMS. Ubucwebe eli xesha ukuqhama semvelo, brilliance kunye nombala kufumaneka bantu. Stones nawo ukukhanya ezahlukeneyo - in yesafire imbeko, neerubhi, ngeempahla zakho kunye iikarbhunkolo. Ngoku ibizwa zebhola blackening buciko. izixeko ezininzi amaziko silversmithing.

Jewellery yaseYurophu ukususela ngenkulungwane XVIII

Kwinkulungwane XVIII baba styles lusetyenziswayo ezimbejembeje yokuhlobisa. Oku kukwasebenza izacholo. Yiba quirkiness kusefashonini, nokubengezela kunye imibala eqaqambileyo. Kulo mzekelo, indawo ekhokelela yi ngobugcisa othengisa French kaThixo. Kwaba lelo xesha ke bafumana uhombiso uhlobo mihla. Xa vogue ukuquka ngcembe ensembles nezacholo, ethandwayo nabantu abazizityebi basebenzisa brooch enkulu. Amatye ozithandayo kakhulu ezi iidayimani mibala tyheli, bomvu, oluhlaza, kwaye asetyenziswe ngayo amadoda enxibe impahla yabafazi.

Russia ngenkulungwane XVIII

In Russia kwinkulungwane XVIII izacholo art ityatyambile na. Oku kwenzeke ubukhulu becala ngenxa utshintsho kaPetros I. Ukususela ngoko, ishishini izacholo ngenkuthalo eboleka iintsingiselo yaseYurophu, ngeli wangulaa zabo. In Russia ngokufuthi iinkosi aphesheya. Phakathi kwabo - odumileyo Zheremi Poze, owayesebenza kwinkundla iminyaka emashumi uye wadala obukhulu bokwenyaniso zobugcisa othengisa ngayo. umsebenzi wakhe osenyongweni kuthathwa Great Imperial Crown, yenzelwe uCatherine II. A imveliso eyahlukileyo phantse amawaka amahlanu diamonds. Ngoku lo oyidingayo ukhusela ngenyameko imyuziyam eyodwa ubucwebe - Diamond Fund eMoscow.

Ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa amatye anqabileyo ngokuya kwanda ngeli xesha. Okukhulu, eqaqambileyo, kakuhle ihonjiswe kwaye ukuqhubekekiswa, ukufezekisa ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye uhombise ladies zobunene ezintle kunye neenkosi.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, igama elithi "umnyibilikisi" ngokwayo waya ukusetyenziswa kwinkulungwane XVIII. Yathatha igama kunokuba elide 'igolide kunye wesilivere. "

Europe ngenkulungwane XIX

Embindini yeshishini izacholo ngenkulungwane XIX iya ixhaphaka ngakumbi. Ngelo xesha lwaqalisa kusetyenziswa amatye anqabileyo ngaphantsi kunye nezinto: aquamarine, crystal eweni, malachite, iidayimani ngumntu. Arts inkaba kweenguqu kunye nesimbo jikelele - uyeza indawo yokuhlobisa classicism, ngokulandelelana, isihombiso zangqongqo ngakumbi yaye-yenzelwe kakuhle. Products ngamatye anqabileyo ngcembe kuyeka ukuba kusetyenziswa iisuti babantu, kodwa fashion kuquka zinamaqhina ngenxa uthabathe kunye bebulala eninzi.

Ukususela amagcisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle zingahlukaniswa kwinkundla othengisa of uNapoleon I Martina Giyoma Bienne. Kwinkulungwane XIX ezisakhulayo izindlu odumileyo ezinjengezo Cartier kunye Tiffany.

Imeko eRussia ngenkulungwane XIX

Inqanaba eliphezulu ubucwebe art eRashiya kwi kwinkulungwane XIX. Ngeli xesha, kakhulu ukutshintsha indlela yomsebenzi, iinkosi bazama ukuya kude izithethe aseYurophu kwaye abuyele ubudala ubudala Russian, enika iimveliso flavour yesizwe. Ingakumbi fashion iba neeperile amanzi.

E Moscow ne St Petersburg kukho amashishini amakhulu isilivere negolide kwetyala. yeenkampani ezaziwayo Ingakumbi Ovchinnikov, Postnikov, bazalwana Grachev kwaye, kakade, Karla Faberzhe. ikhono lakhe elimangalisayo libeyise ukwazi Russian, kodwa iinkundla yasebukhosini Western Europe. Kodwa ke, iimveliso zabo umthengi ekhoyo kunye eziqhelekileyo - sithetha ngalo ityala kunye Stars.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, ekupheleni XIX - kwekhulu XX ekuqaleni ke obu yegolide Russian izacholo art.

kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Kwinkulungwane lokugqibela jewellery baseka iqela elikhulu yezindawo. Kumashumi eminyaka wokuqala style esikhulu le mihla. Ubugcisa ubucwebe impembelelo wakhe waqaphela xa ukuntsonkotha kakhulu zemo ezihonjiswe izivatho. Belizwe zisetyenziswa platinum, mbala, aluminiyam steel. Kwakhona ngokuya diamonds ukuthandwa. Fashion ubucwebe lube, apho ukwanda nempembelelo kakhulu odumileyo Koko Shanel.

Ebudeni bemfazwe yaye kwemfazwe iminyaka, iimveliso ziye ilula kakhulu, igolide idla indawo ngobhedu. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane phantsi kwempembelelo iinkosi iimbono non-conformist baqalise ukusebenzisa izinto ezingaqhelekanga, ngaphambili lee ukuba ishishini izacholo: iinkuni, iplastiki, intsimbi kunye nabanye. Ngophuhliso zobugcisa aphucukileyo abonakale izihombiso ngamatye chameleon ukuba uyakwazi ukutshintsha umbala kuxhomekeke utshintsho ubushushu okanye isimo yomnini. Uba iiperile ethandwayo cultured imibala eyahlukileyo.

Kumaxesha Soviet, iinkampani izacholo Russian kuvelisa kakhulu zemveliso mass. Kodwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela iinkosi mihla wamitha ukuvuselela Guild of bejewellery of Russia bubuyiselwe ubugcisa izacholo ukuya isesebuqaqawulini bayo bokuqala.

art owayephila

Kule mihla, izacholo zobugcisa, mhlawumbi nangaphezu ngaphambili, ibe ubugcisa. Kwezihombo luhlobo omnye ukuzichaza ngokuyilayo. amashishini Modern basebenzisa izixhobo zobungcali kunye nezinto ezikhoyo. Kodwa ke, iimveliso ezininzi ezenziwe zokwenziwa. Kwaye nangona nokuba sekumnyam 'ubuhle kunye nemfezeko amatye zendalo, kodwa ufanele zikhuphisane nabo.

Contemporary ubucwebe art lokuqhubekeka ngokulufaneleyo nezithethe ezindala. Kunye nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa ezintsha ikuvumela ukuba ukudala imihombiso engaqhelekanga ngakumbi umdla.