Art. 12 Code Civil kunye iikhomentari. inkqubo yezeejaji zobuciko. 12 of the Code Civil

Lo mthetho umisela imeko ukuvela amalungelo oluntu nokuchonga iindlela ukuba abakhusele (vse. 8, 12 of Code Civil). amaqumrhu amathuba zomthetho kuvela ngenxa yokuba imimiselo, izenzo ezithile amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye nabantu bendalo.

ulwazi jikelele

Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo obonelelwa phantsi Art. 11, 12 Code Civil. Ngokutsho imithetho, ummi angafaka isicelo enkundleni. Ukongeza, lo mthetho unika ithuba amalungelo self-yokuzikhusela. Kokuba kubekwe Art. 12 no-14 le-Code Civil. Cinga iinkcukacha ngakumbi iindlela kunye neempawu ezisebenza ukhuselo lomthetho abemi phantsi komthetho.

Oko kuthethwa Art. 12 of the Code Civil

Lo mthetho unika le ndlela zilandelayo wokhuseleko:

1. Ukunakanwa amalungelo.
2. IXesha ekuPhulukenwe nalo wabakho ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlukunyezwa imeko yesifundo, kwezithandani izenzo ezingekho mthethweni, kuquka ingozi izinto kunye nenkululeko yabantu ngabanye.
3. Invalidation izivumelwano voidable, isicelo imiphumo.
4. izisombululo nokungalali wihi ntlanganiso.
5. Invalidation ye isenzo-arhente zikamasipala / karhulumente.
6. amalungelo Self-yokuzikhusela.
7. Award ukuzalisekisa isibopho uhlobo.
8. Imbuyekezo ngenxa yomonakalo, umonakalo yokuziphatha, kwakhona umonakalo.
9. Tshintsha / ukupheliswa bezomthetho.
10. Non-isicelo kwinkundla isenzo kamasipala / karhulumente igunya ngokunxamnye nomthetho.

Olu luhlu kuthathwa evulekileyo.

iindlela zokukhusela ethile zomthetho zobugcisa. 12 Code Civil (namazwana)

Ngesiqhelo Umthetho olawula ubudlelane ezithile phakathi izifundo, ukuseka iindlela ezithile ukhuseleko lwasemthethweni nxaxheba. Kule uqhagamshelo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe art. 12 Civil Code of the Russian Federation kunye nezimvo ukuya manqaku efanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho inqaku. 475 umthengi iimpahla ezikumgangatho olunganelanga kusebenzisa ingqiqo yakhe yokuba zifuna umthengisi ekuncitshisweni siwenze of ixabiso ekuthengwe ngayo, ukupheliswa mahala yeziphene impahla ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nokubuyisela ukulungiswa ezichongiweyo iziphene yeendleko (ukuba oko kwenziwa ngeendleko lomthengi).

Ngokutsho Art. 1252 kukhuselwe ilungelo elikhethekileyo lokuba isiphumo yabasebenzi ngokwasengqondweni kuthetha ngayo individualization liya kupapasha isigqibo senkundla malunga ukunyhashwa. Kulo mzekelo, isenzo acacisa copyright esebenzayo. Kulo mzekelo, iqondwa ikhutshwa phandle ekunene (v. 12, n. 1 CC RF).

Ezi nkcukacha isicelo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zinike iindlela ukhuseleko ubudlelwane ngokupheleleyo zonke zomthetho akunakwenzeka. Oku kubangela ukuba uhlobo dispositive ya vutshila. 12 Code Civil.

inkqubo yezeejaji kwiimpikiswano ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo kumba ngokwaneleyo. Iingxabano esinokubakho phakathi kwabantu, naphakathi kwabo kunye nemibutho. In Art. 12 Code Civil thaca iindlela ezisisiseko yokuzikhusela. Abathathi kweembambano omthetho singaqamela ngazo eli lungiselelo, ngokukhusela isikhundla sayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa Art. 234 i-Code for isifundo davnostnoe ilifa yomnye ipropati, oluthe lwagqitha ixesha ebekwe liSebe eli nqaku bathi lingaphumeleli ukunika ithuba lokucela amalungelo obunini kuye. Noko ke, n. 16 Izisombululo plenums ilanga №10 №22 kunye EAC luvumelekile ngokungqinelana ne Art. 11, 12 Code Civil.

Xa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo, ukhuseleko yenziwa ngokusebenzisa amalungelo. Kulo kulandela ukuba lo mbandela, oxabisa yena umnini angafaka isicelo ibango ahambelanayo. Ummangalelwa kuyo ngokumiselwa acquisitive iya kuba umnini wangaphambili wepropati.

iimeko ezizodwa

iindlela ezininzi ukhuseleko ezisetyenziswa kwezi okanye ezinye iindlela, iintlobo mali ebekwe Art. 12 Code Civil. Umzekelo, icala imfuno kobunini eqhelekileyo ukunika kunye nemisebenzi kunye namalungelo ukuthenga notyeshelo umgaqo-pre-so- jikelele mayingatolikwa utshintsho ulwalamano zomthetho. Xa usilele khona phantsi kwesi ukugqithiselwa into ngamnye-ichazwe kulawulo lwezoqoqosho, ipropati, ukusetyenziswa ohlawulayo, ulawulo lokusebenza lwe-nye obolekayo nobolekwayo, yena unelungelo lokufuna ukuba yokurhoxa lawo onetyala ukuya imiqathango ethe wo yingisela.

Esi sikhundla isetelwe into. 398 of the Code. Kulo mzekelo, iya kuba kwethenda ukusebenza isibopho uhlobo. Ngokutsho Art. Ngowe-1065 ekusongeleni umonakalo ke kusebenza njengesiseko ixesha lokufaka ibango kunye nemfuneko ukuba ithintele ukuphumeza imisebenzi ngenxa apho umfanekiso wengozi ahambelanayo.

Ukuba umonakalo kuya kuba sisiphumo ukusebenza izakhiwo, kushishino kunye nezinye izenzo abangele okanye zisongele igunya lakhe eligunyazisiweyo, ukongeza imputation kumxholo imbuyekezo, aphelise okanye arhoxise ukusebenza kwawo. Le ndlela ukhuselo okuvakaliswa kuthintelo umonakalo, nto nje ifakiwe. 12 Code Civil. Kodwa eneneni esisebenza ngayo njengoko kwezithandani kwemfuneko yokuba amanyathelo, ukusongela lunyhasho lwamalungelo.

Xa nqaku 152 lomGaqo libonelela ngamathuba amanyathelo ngqo ukuba kopapasho refutation lolwazi nabanyelisi igama, isidima nembeko mntu. Enyanisweni, le mfuneko lisebenza nokubuyisela le meko kwisimo eyayikho ngaphambi ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo (umhlathi 2 Art. 12 Code Civil). Commentary on the zihloko ka 1251-1252 ibonisa ubuchule ukunika ukhuselo ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ngenxa kwezithandani of kumthetho ochasene izinto kunye nenkululeko isifundo okanye ekudaleni ingozi, umonakalo, umonakalo ezinjalo.

Kwiimeko kuchaziwe ngumthetho, amanyathelo sixelwe kwisivumelwano. Umzekelo, isixa wammela noxanduva ogwetyelweyo otyalwayo iyafana naleyo onetyala ngqo, ngaphandle kokuba ezisungulwe ngenye isivumelwano.

yeTyala kuLuntu

Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa violators kwamalungelo la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukufunyanwa komonakalo.
2. Umonakalo.
3. Ukuqokelelwa umonakalo non-eyimali.

Amanyathelo kwakhona ukubandakanya uxanduva kunye nezinye ukwayo. Phakathi kwabo, umzekelo:

• ekuthatheni abathwali eziphathekayo equlathe iziphumo yomsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni okanye ngendlela individualization, izinto kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngenxa yezandla zabo, ukususela ukujikeleza nentshabalalo ngaphandle kwentlawulo;
• imfuneko ukwenzela intlawulo inzala ethe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemali phantsi ukugcinwa mthethweni, aloluhlobo ekubuyeni, omnye ulibaziseko ekubuyeni.

WeMbuyekezo ilahleko (Art. 12, 15 iKhowudi Civil) kunye namanye amanyathelo ukuphendula zisetyenziswa ukubuyisela imeko yesifundo, okanye imbuyekezo umonakalo ezenziweyo nguye ngokunxulumene ngokwaphula kwakhe kwamalungelo. Ngoko ke, la mayeza ukuba iziphumo ezibi ukuba umdlwenguli.

amanyathelo

Izibonelelo Art. 12 Code Civil ibaluleke ngokukodwa ekuphumezeni amalungelo, kuba siqulathe uluhlu mda lwe iindlela zokhuseleko kunye nokuvumela ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kuthetha norm lusekiwe, ukuba kumiselwe ngumthetho federal.

Kulo mba, kuluhlu ingqalelo kufuneka kongezwe ifuthe manyathelo. Phakathi kwabo, umzekelo:

• Le mfuneko yobhaliso imo imicimbi ebandakanya ukutshintshwa Amalungelo ubunikazi. It uthi nqaku. 551 (p. 3), ukuba umntu yesibini intengiselwano aphephe inkqubo enyanzelekileyo.
• Xa kukho indlela ekhethekileyo ukhuseleko singabandakanya imfuneko ukuya violator amalungelo awodwa wokupapashwa ngesigqibo umzekelo yokuqala kunye ebonisa yomnini kanye. Kule meko indlela esekwe yi AB. 2 tbsp. 12 Code Civil (zinto).
• Indlela entsha yokukhusela isilwela ibango lembuyekezo ukuhlukunyezwa / ikukunyasha ilungelo lokuba enze isenzo egwebayo, obonelela irhafu ukuphunyezwa kwi-mali. Wamisela uMthetho Federal №68.
• Umthetho afanayo kwezomthetho unika lembuyekezo iinkqubo umthetho wenkundla kwisithuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Lo mmiselo usebenza imfundo ngokusemthethweni, nto leyo eye wavuma bezityholo, nto leyo iba uhlobo eziphathekayo kunye ephethe neziphumo ezibi ukuba umdlwenguli.

Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo

Winner amalungelo oluntu ukuze bakhethe naziphi na iindlela zokukhusela ngokomthetho, ngokungqinelana neemfuno ezazimalunga neziqu zabo ngokungqinelana iintanda ezikhoyo.

Ukudibana amanyathelo ahlukeneyo Art. 12 Code Civil. Umzekelo, isihloko, abanikela imfuneko kwi ubhaliso lokutshintshela amalungelo obunini phantsi isivumelwano wokuthengisa iprophathi, banokungenisa ibango kwakhona ukusuka nxaxheba, ngubani ngokungafanelekanga uyala ukuba aqhube inkqubo inyanzelekile ukuba ilahleko ekungenwe ngenxa yokulibaziseka yobhaliso.

WeMbuyekezo ilahleko yemali

I sifundo, yaba sokunene, ngokwembono yakhe, badlula linganyanzelisa imbuyekezo epheleleyo umonakalo ukuba umthetho okanye ikhontrakthi lingaphumeleli ukunika kwakhona kwisayizi ezincinane.

Njengoko ilahleko yemali kulo mzekelo iindleko ezenziweyo ngokuxhomekeke nokuba kufuneka luphunywenzwe ukubuyisela izilangazelelo zalo. Iilahleko kuthiwa umonakalo okanye ilahleko-asethi akwi ixhoba (umonakalo wokwenene), ukungabi ingeniso, leyo endinokuzenza umntu ngokuqhelekileyo jika ukuba amalungelo yabo anyashwa. Ukuba umntu unetyala bafunda ngenxa yezenzo zabo mthethweni kuzuza imali, ixhoba na ibango lembuyekezo ingeniso ezilahlekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, akayi kuba ngaphantsi kwe ingeniso olungekho mthethweni afunyenwe umthetho yakwa ixabiso lembuyekezo.

ukuthotyelwa self-uncedo

Ilungiselelwe phantsi Art. 14 Code Civil. Self-wokhuseleko banokwenza kwenziwa nayiphi na indlela ezisemthethweni. Kulo mzekelo, ixhoba kufuneka ukhethe indlela siwenze kunye ityala. izenzo zakhe andingekhe ndiwugqithe yokuziphatha efunekayo ukunqanda izenzo ezingekho mthethweni.

Ukwenza amabango

wokhuselo Legal senziwe ngokufaka ibango. Ekwenzeni isicelo kufuneka athathele ingqalelo iimfuno zomthetho. Okokuqala, kufuneka kubekho iinkcukacha umyalelo:

1. Igama ofanele zokusombulula imbambano igunya.
2. Ulwazi malunga kummangali.
3. Ulwazi malunga ummangalelwa.

Umxholo kufuneka ukhankanye izizathu ukuvela zomthetho nezobudlelwane ngohlobo kwephulwa, ukuxhasa iimbekiselo ukuba imigaqo okanye isivumelwano. Le icala kwiimfuno ezichaziweyo ekhawulezileyo ummangalelwa. Ukuba zinxulumene imbuyiselo ngenxa yomonakalo, esivumelwaneni iqhotyoshelweyo izibalo.

Umthwalo ubungqina kwamagxa sicelo. Yena uvumelekile ukuba isicelo ukubandakanyeka amangqina, iingcali kunye nezinye iingcali. Ubungqina kufuneka njengabafanelekileyo nabathembekayo. Ngenxa yoko, ummangalelwa banako ngokunjalo ukungenisa inkcaso kunye kula, angenise amaxwebhu ezikhalazo. Kwakhona unalo ilungelo lokuba ufake ibango. Ekupheleni kwale ngxelo kufuneka ibe utyikityo lwe umbhali kunye nomhla zamalungiselelo.

Ukuze lufanelane amaxwebhu efakiwe axhasayo indawo wesifundo kunye kokufunyanwa imali. Le Code umise ixesha seMigaqo kwexesha (xa kungekho kwephulwa iimfuno zale fom) isicelo samkelwe ukuze ingqalelo. Ngexesha elimisiweyo inkqubo kwenziwa kweziyobisi. Ngenxa yoko, isigqibo ukuva senziwa. Isigqibo senkundla unako isibheno.

isiphelo

Iindlela ukhuselo lomthetho phantsi komthetho, eziphuma ukubaluleka ezinkulu nxaxheba yezithuthi. IMimiselo ukuze nje ukuqinisekisile ukuphunyezwa usisiqinisekiso amandla omthetho, kodwa kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo kunye nokubuyiselwa. Le nto iqinisekisa inkqubo yezomthetho yedemokhrasi.