Apho umlambo ungena kulo Don: scheme. Apho Sivela emlanjeni Don?

Don njalo umntu bathabathekile - ebanzi kunye namandla, kunye nemingenela abaninzi. Wayitshabalalisa inani elikhulu iivesi nemibongo, kwakunye Yenisei. Nangona kungekho umbuzo yintoni umlambo lide - Don okanye Yenisei, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba uzithelekise - nganye yalo entle kwaye ngalinye kwindawo yayo iincwadi Russian.

E Don Ukongeza, kukho ezinye amagama. Ngemihla Greece yamandulo, kwathiwa ngokuba Tanais okanye Girgis. kypchaki yamandulo ebizwa Don - Ten. Igama elithi "dong" lithetha "lukhulu lamajelo" okanye "umlambo kunye channel ezahlukahlukeneyo."

Phi na apho umlambo Don ugeleza

Kuqala wacinga ukuba Don asuka kweli chibi, Ivan, kodwa kwacaca phandle, akuyonto amdaka avela kweli dama, emlanjeni. Oku umthombo Don Novomoskovsk, kukho nkqu sisincoko yokuyilwa set "Umthombo Don." Kodwa ngenxa kufutshane umfula ukuya dama Shatskikh, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba lo mthombo kwayo, kodwa ayikho.

River nganto kummandla zokuqokelela kuphela iVolga, iDanube, Kama kunye Dnieper, kodwa Don ayikho elide kakhulu - 1870 km. Power kunye nobuhle Don iculwa imisebenzi emininzi yoncwadi, kwakunye Yenisei. Umbuzo: Yeyiphi umlambo lide - Don okanye Yenisei? Impendulo echanekileyo - i Yenisei. Kodwa thelekisa le milambo mibini akwenzeki, ngamnye wahlukile kwaye ishiya andinakuyilibala.

Xa ulwandle uMfula angene Don? ELwandle of Azov. Ndongeni e Rostov-on-Don iyinxalenye Delta ebanzi, ummandla ezikwere zeekhilomitha 540. Ukusuka oku kushiya eninzi ziphatha: ezinkulu Kuterma, Dead Donets, Great Tower kunye nabanye.

Ngezantsi siqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha, apho umlambo ungena kulo Don. Lo mzobo ubonisa indlela umfula ugeleza kuwo.

Umlinganiswa entlambo lomlambo

Don - nelezihlambo lomlambo kunye plain ngomkhukula ububanzi, oko akuthethi ukuba kukho isinyuko eliphezulu kwaye kwemali kancinci. Umfanekiso iprofayile egudileyo longitudinal, ukuphambuka umlinganiselo 0.1 PPM. ububanzi Don ezisezantsi ufikelela ukuya km 15.

Kodonga lasekunene lo mfula a eweni. Kodonga lasekhohlo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe kwaye iflethi. Emazantsi omlambo uyakwazi ukufumana sibe alluvium. Track ngezininzi ifu nzulu uyisanti.

Amanzi Ulawulo omlambo Don

Kule ndawo umlambo ngamanzi mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, kodwa umxholo wayo amanzi aphantsi. Oku kungenxa yokuba Don aqukuqela emathafeni kunye ihlathi zone emathafeni. Indima esingundoqo komlambo idlala ukutya ikhephu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba phantse-70%, imvula kunye omhlaba - encinane. Njengokuba inkoliso yemilambo kule ndawo, Don uye ngumsinga spring ephakamileyo, ngexesha lonke konyaka - ixesha yamanzi ephantsi.

Kuyo inqanaba lamanzi umlambo isusela ukususela ngo-8 m ukuya kwi-13 m.

ukusetyenziswa ngonyaka, Don yi 2 l / umzuzwana / km square (900m³ / c).

NgoNovemba nangoDisemba i Don iqina. Owayevunyelwe ithatha iintsuku 30 ehlayo kwaye ukuya kutsho kwiintsuku 140 phezulu.

A phawu uphawu umlambo kukuba amanzi eliphakamileyo ngamaza ezimbini. Iliza lokuqala - i "iqhosha lokulayita". Ndongeni amanzi anyibilike evela esezantsi. Iliza yesibini - "shushu", yaye izisa amanzi avela ephezulu inxalenye lomlambo.

Ukusebenzisa umlambo yemisebenzi yabantu

Don River ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lweli lizwe. Ukuze uqonde into ebalaseleyo lo mlambo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukukhumbula apho umlambo ungena kulo Don. Phantse-1600 km ukusuka emlonyeni umlambo iinqanawa. into Liski dolophu 1355 km ukusuka kwindawo ekudibaneni kwe-Don ukuya kuLwandle Azov, endleleni uyakwazi rhoqo ukuhlangabezana enkundleni.

Ngowe-1952 yayakhiwe iVolga-Don Canal. Waye wemba kufutshane nedolophu Kalach, ukusukela ngeli xesha bend umlambo i Don loLawulo- iVolga ukuya kumgama omncinane - km 80. Umsele bakulungele kwiminyaka-4 emva ukwakhiwa, akukho nto ehlabathini ayizange ngokukhawuleza azinxibe ukusebenza. Ubude iVolga-Don emisele yaba 101 km yaye wenza kube lula ukukhulula elwandle ezininzi: kwiBaltic, Black, Azov, White no lweCaspian.

Kufuphi Voronezh yaziswa nokusebenza Novovoronezh NPP ngo-1967 Rostov NPP yakhiwa ngo-2001 kwaye ibekwe kufuphi nedolophu eponymous.

On Don kwakhiwa ichibi - Tsimlyanskoe. Kukho kwakhona amandla kagesi Tsimlyansk. Ngaphezu koko, lo manzi into yoxinzelelo lwamanzi esetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela umhlaba wezolimo kwaye Volgograd kwimimandla Rostov.

Enezityalo nezilwanyana omlambo Don

imigxobhozo zizandyondyo, nemiqolomba, amahlathi ashinyeneyo ezixubeneyo ibekwe ecaleni Don River. Apho isuka khona, apho iqukuqela kwaye kunokubonwa esemacaleni emlanjeni? Xa lilonke, uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana iintlobo enezityalo: alder kunye nabanye abameli zezilo sedge, nomzi womlambo, cinquefoil, willow, willow, ezinde, krushinnik, zahlukahlukene kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwawo eziphilayo .. Lwane: namasele leenewt. Ezirhubuluzayo; nehobe ebomvu-amafubesi, inyoka ingca, lweliso lerhamba. Ezincancisayo: weasel, beaver, ngoboya, otter, amalulwane, muskrat. Iintaka: nyoni, iprofayile, iingwamza, Ingekalili, snipe, idada.

Kuyo yonke Don River ifumaneka malunga 70 iintlobo yeentlanzi. Ezinye ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela ngenxa yezenzo zabantu. Eyona bream eqhelekileyo, rudd, zeCARP crucian, limfiliba, Pike, burbot. Rare: catfish, Intlanzi, ukutya, sturgeon.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kutshanje efakiweyo ulawulo olungqongqo isengozini iintlanzi. Ukubamba izohlwayo iintlobo ezinqabileyo akumiselweyo violators. Ukongeza, ezikwiindawo zokukhulisa izityalo ezilinywa intlanzi, apho kamva yakhululwa zaya endle.

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kwe Don River

Umbuzo ingxaki zokusingqongileyo Umlambo ngakumbi kwaye bajokisayo ngonyaka ngamnye. Ingxaki kakhulu etsolo sentlambululo amanzi avela inkunkuma yasekhaya, wokuchitheka kwe-oyile, apho kwasekwa ngenxa iingozi yokufunxa. Nokwanda ulwelwe eziluhlaza-eziluhlaza kwakhona kuba nefuthe elibi kwi imeko eziphilayo lomlambo, kangangokuba ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela, ezinye iintlobo zentlanzi kunye nezityalo.

Inqanaba amanzi omlambo lincitshiswe ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngqiqweni.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iiprojekthi ukujongana imiba ebalulekileyo enxulumene amanzi emlanjeni ziye kwadalwa, kuquka i-Don. Azov Sea (ophuma aye Don River) Kwakhona unalo eziliqela iingxaki: amanzi kucocwe, yokuduka ezinye iintlobo zentlanzi kunye nokuncipha komgangatho wamanzi - shallowing.