Anatoly Efros - Soviet bhanyabhanya kunye nomlawuli yeqonga. Umbhalo, ubuchule

Efros Anatoliy Vasilevich (iminyaka yobomi - 1925-1987) - Umlawuli umboniso eSoviet kunye notitshala. Ngowe-1976 wafumana isihloko Artist abazukileyo RSFSR.

Imvelaphi kunye nasekuqaleni kweminyaka

Anatoly wazalelwa eKharkov, ngoJuni 3, 1925. usapho lwakhe asisiso kokusingqongileyo kumabala emidlalo. Abazali Anatoly basebenza kwi-mveliso moya. Noko ke, umlawuli ebuntwaneni elizayo babekuthanda yeqonga. Yena wayenomdla Stanislavsky, funda malunga ukusebenza kwakhe. Emva high school, Anatoly sungule ku dyondza eMoscow. Wayesiya isikolo Theatre. Council City eMoscow.

Ukufundisisa ku GITIS

Anatoly Efros ngo-1944 wangena GITIS kwi ngokusa isebe (course MOKnebel kunye NV Petrova). Ngowe-1950 wagqiba esikolweni iimbeko. Okugqitywa komsebenzi Anatoly Vasilyevich - "Prague yeyam", okudalwe entolongweni kwidayari Yu Fucik. Ukukhethwa umninindlu izifundo ukufumanisa ukuba ibe nethamsanqa kuba Efros: Knebel, utitshala omkhulu kunye njengokhozo Stanislavsky, wakwazi amnike ukwazi ukuqonda yokubonela ngokungangqalanga nasengqondweni. Ngokuba buyasuswa ubomi bakhe bonke Anatoliy wahlala azenzile ubugcisa "amava." Waba nangobuchule kuyasetyenzwa kwakhona inkqubo Stanislavsky, ngokunjalo iindlela zalo msebenzi kunye umdlali.

Emiboniso lokuqala umsebenzi CDT

Anatoly wabeka ukusebenza kwakhe yokuqala Ryazan yeqonga, yaye ngowe-1954 wamiselwa umlawuli oyintloko we Theatre le Moscow Central yaBantwana. CDT (ngoku yoLutsha Theatre) xa Efros waqalisa kwibakala lesi ukwenza hayi kuphela abantwana. Apha kuza abadlali abatsha, abamagama kamva yenziwa Inqanaba odumileyo Russian: Oleg Tabakov, Oleg Efremov, Lev Durov. Kwaye Anatoly Efros wanceda ayityhile italente. Oku MDG kwi-1950 babeka imigaqo esisiseko ye yokubonela elitsha kwilizwe lethu.

Ngegama V. Rozov (kwiziko sasifanekisela), umbhali, enxibelelene kwibakala ebalulekileyo imisebenzi yokuqala Anatoly Vasilyevich (bafanekiselwa ekhohlo), kwakunye yokubonela Russian ngokubanzi. A lot nemidlalo ababenza ngulo mbhali Efros: ngo-1957 - "Ukufumana Uvuyo", ngo-1960 - "idabi angalinganiyo", ngo-1962 - ", phambi kokuba adle." Kamva, xa besebenza Anatoly Vasilyevich theatre uLenin Komsomol ngo-1964 waboniswa 'imini wozuko, "yaye ngowe-1972, kule nkundla ngomhla Malaya Bronnaya iphambili" umzalwana Alyosha "yi Fedoru Dostoevskomu. I CDT enye emiboniso zokuqala Anatoly Vasilyevich yaba lomdlalo ngowe-1955, "Umnqweno omhle!" (Pink). Kwaya obukhulu kunye nomlawuli O. Efremov. Kakade ke, lo msebenzi waba negalelo ekuphuhliseni ingqiqo ka "Contemporary", ethandwa kakhulu-1950, le nkundla Russian. It wavula kwiminyaka emibini kamva umdlalo "ngoNaphakade Alive" Pink kwango uEfrayim. Kakade ke, Efros kungathathwa omnye wabaseki yeqonga. obunye ubungqina kule - into yokuba Anatoly wazibeka kwi "Contemporary" omnye emiboniso yokuqala - "Akukho mntu" (E. De uFilippo) Lidiya Tolmacheva noEfrayim.

phenomenon Efros

Lo mkhuba Efros, lowo sikhatshwe ngumlawuli phantse ubomi bakhe bonke (ngaphandle kokuba ixesha lokugqibela yakhe) kukuba udumo lwakhe wayengekho ezinkulu elikhulu. Anatoly akazange ezothusayo okanye umlawuli "nendlela". Nangona ezinye amagama lwaqhaqhazela - O. Efremov (ngo-1960), uYuri Lyubimov (kwi-1970). Baba ngamagorha (kwaye kufanele) abaphulaphuli theatre kuloo minyaka. Noko ke, igunya ezinobuchule Anatoly Efros phakathi iingcali (abalawuli, abadlali, ababhali bemidlalo, abahlalutyi) laliphezulu kakhulu. Kakade ke, ukusebenza kwakhe yaba yimpumelelo kunye nabaphulaphuli, bona ngovuyo hlalele kuthandwa ngabantu abaninzi. Noko ke, ukuze bagcobele bonke amatsha kunye nobunzulu "ophantsi-umqulu" owalathisa Anatoly Vasilyevich nje izisebenzi zazibhalwe kakuhle ngaphakathi yokubonela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba phantse bonke abadlali, owayesebenza kunye Efros, ukhumbula wasebenzisa eli intsebenziswano njenge ulonwabo lokwenene. A inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu ingqalelo, mhlawumbi liphezulu - hayi nje babe elide ngexesha ubomi umlawuli odumileyo, kodwa banentsomi asebenza nabo abo badla kodwa akathandi kakhulu ukuba uqikelelo kawonke inxaxheba ngolangazelelo olukhulu.

Natalia Krymov and Anatoly Efros

Ukusuka college mlawuli A. Efros enkulu kunye nedrama ilungileyo yeqonga umgxeki 1960-80-sharing N. Krymov baba elandelayo. umfelandawonye ayizange kuphela utshatile, kwaba ibhayisekili creative enamandla, ligqiba ziyahlelwa kwiminyaka emininzi theatre Russian. Baba nonyana, nguDmitry, owaba kumlawuli kunye eqongeni umyili.

Sebenza kwi Theatre. Lenin Komsomol

Anatoly Efros ikwazile ukwenza ethandwayo CDT. Emva koko wamiselwa endaweni yokubonela. ULenin Komsomol umlawuli oyintloko (ngo-1963). Le nkundla uya wayengenamali ngoko. Buyisela uthando abaphulaphuli yakhe Efros - ukubala ngaloo ISebe leNkcubeko. Galaxy lonke abadlali abanetalente ndawonye ibandla phantsi kwebhanile lwe Anatoly Vasilyevich. nangoko Amagama abo eyaduma yonke yeqonga eMoscow ezininzi iinkalo kubulela kule kumlawuli abanetalente, Anatoly Efros. Ke Olga Yakovleva kunye A. Zbruev, kunye nezinye amagcisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle (A. Dmitriev, Yu Kolychev, M. Derzhavin, A. Shirvindt, V. Larionov, L. Durov kunye nabanye.) Mnandi ithandwa enkulu. Umbukeli emva endaweni yokubonela. iziganeko Real baba ukwenza ezininzi, phakathi kwabo: 1964 "Ngosuku lomtshato" yaye "kwiphepha 104 ngothando", 1965 "My Swisiwana uMarat" yaye "wenze umboniso ...", 1966 - "The Inqina" yaye "Moliere" . idrama lyrical Efros (hayi yekhasi!) Kuba wale mihla (Radzinsky, ezipinki, melon) nanindikhathalele kakhulu. Baye clotted iingxaki ebomini nezazi eli xesha, ukucinga ukuba indawo inikwa ngamnye eluntwini. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ezifanelekileyo ngaphantsi la mazwi ezaziwa Anatoly Vasilyevich, yaye oku nangona zamanyangaza "ntsha 'ukuba wayengekho kubo. Oku kwabangela ukunganeliseki. Anatoly Efros yasuswa kobunkokheli kwale nkundla ngo-1967.

Efros waba ngumlawuli we ethiyetha kwi Malaya Bronnaya

Waba umlawuli elilandelayo ngoku yeqonga kwi Malaya Bronnaya. Kunjalo athobekile isikhundla akuzange kumthintele into yokuba yeqonga ngoko nangoko emva kokufika Anatoly Vasilyevich yaziwa ngokuba "Efros yeqonga." Hayi nje yonke iminyaka eli-17 oku mlawuli Waqhuba igama lakhe, kodwa kwiminyaka emininzi kamva. ukuba le minyaka 17 Anatoly Efros sonwabe, nangona kunzima. Icala esihle ngentsika elandelayo ke ukuba wenza kube lula ukuba nkulu kujoliswe kulo msebenzi wabo.

Efros engqongwe besisikhungu esikhulu - ukusuka Lenkoma emva kwakhe waya ezinye abadlali. Bonke abo babesebenza kunye Anatoly Vasilyevich, ingqalelo ngokwabo abafundi bakhe, nkqu nabo bangazange ukufunda GITIS lisendleleni (wafundisa apho nqapha ukususela 1964). Malaya Bronnaya wasebenza ngaxeshanye V. Gaft, L. Durov, A. Yakovlev, N. potter, M. Shirvindt, Bronevoy L., L. Round, M. Derzhavin, A. Dahl, A. Petrenko, S. Lyubshin, E . Korenev, uMnu Martyniuk, Saifulin G., M. Kanev. Years of Intsebenziswano Efros abaninzi kuzo ngokwenene ogcwele. Ngokuthe ngcembe, lo yeqonga, ibekwe kwi Malaya Bronnaya, waba iziko lobomi yokomoya eyinkunzi - kwaye oku nangona kwakukho Taganka. Ngomdlalo Anatoliya Efrosa ndamgocagoca counterpoint zinzima, ngokuqondakalayo ngemise- benzi yakhe. umlawuli Ithiyetha A. Efros yaba artist, kungekhona ngumpolitiki. efanayo akuwo kunye ngonaphakade.

Ubuhlobo kaYuri Lyubimov

Ngo-1970, ulwalamano Efros kunye Darling (ingasentla) baba lweziko nangentlonelo. Anatoly Efros ngo-1973 ifilimu phantsi kwesihloko "nje amagama ambalwa ukukhusela Monsieur de Moliere". Indima ephambili kulo wadlala Lyubimov. Loo nto, wamenywa ukuba yeqonga kwi Taganka Efros ukuba sigaba umdlalo "I Cherry Orchard." amava amatsha wanika nabadlali tagankovskim ababandakanyekayo kulo.

Imidlalo edlalwa yamandulo nowangoku ndibano yemidlalo kwi Malaya Bronnaya

Ingxelo kwi Malaya Bronnaya waba Inyange lokwenyani - ikakhulu Classic. "Romeo and Juliet," "Oodade ezintathu," "Othello," "umtshato," "A Nyanga Kwilizwe", "Don Giovanni", "umzalwana Alyosha" - ngamnye kubo njengomboniso mihla engalindelekanga kunye, yatyhila entsha ngamnye amalungu alo iinkalo italente yakhe. Kodwa Theatre Anatoly Efros ukoyisa esinzulu sobuciko ukwasebenza ukwenza ukwambatha umdlalo mihla "Old Arbat Fairy Tales," "Days Unoyolo umntu angonwabi", "Ithiyetha uMlawuli", "Ihlobo Umsi", "Indoda evela", njl . Anatoly wayesebenza lukhulu kweli xesha kwi umabonwakude, ekhangela ezintsha yokuthetha. Wabhala usebenziswano olukhulu ekulungiseni iphepha yokucinga ngekamva yangoku yeqonga.

imidlalo zepolitiki

Nangona isibakala sokuba A. Dunaev, owayesebenza yemidlalo kwi Malaya Bronnaya umlawuli oyintloko, yena kuxhaswa ngamandla, Efros imidlalo badla esalelweyo. Noko ke, Anatoly wazama ukuphila, uphambuke ezintethweni ngokuthe ngqo, ngokungathi engazi lutho imidlalo yezopolitiko ezijongwa ukuwathetha awona yeqonga. Efros na umlawuli umi. Modernity kweemveliso yakhe eziphunyelelweyo iingxaki yokuziphatha ephakanyiswe ekhangela nezazi, nemifanekiso leyo ngcembe yaba. Ngumlawuli phakathi kwe-70 Anatoly Efros waqalisa ukuba kuqwalaselwe njengoko kudana. Kwingxelo yakhe umxholo owayephila kwaba lula ukufumana usingiselo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko - balelwa, umzekelo, "olukuhlayo Kokobashkin". Nangona kunjalo, kunye ezakudala bekungenjalo lula - kunye Anatoly Efros waqala ukusola ukuba siyaxoka kuyo. Umsebenzi on Malaya Bronnaya Street waye thile umlawuli Inqanaba umsebenzi wokugqibela.

iminyaka ezingamaphepha zokusebenza Taganka Theatre

Kogan, umalathisi yeqonga, ngowe-1983, wathi imfazwe Efros. Ngowe-1984, Anatoly ngasekhohlo kwakhe. Noko ke, oko nje kusala - Efros waya kusebenza kwi-Taganka Ithiyetha umlawuli oyintloko, kwesi sikhundla ngokubuyisela i kaYuri Lyubimov. Ingakumbi omkhulu kanye ngeli xesha ebomini bakhe. Anatoly njalo ngandlel 'erhuqelwe zibe imidlalo kwezopolitiko, nangona wayesoloko ukuziphepha. Kuba okokuqala ukusebenza kwakhe waqalisa kuvavanywa kwezentlalo kunokuba criteria yokuluka.

isiphelo nzima laliza kufumana umlawuli Anatoly Efros. ngobomi bakhe ngeli xesha kuphawulwa ukungaqondi ngakwicala oogxa. Umlawuli omtsha abasebenzi yeqonga abazange bayamkele. Ngokuqinisekileyo wadlala indima apha, kunye nesanty sokubekwa kwe uYuri Lyubimov, ngubani bamfumana kugwayimbo-ngokwaphula ukufika Efros. Lyubimov uye phezulu wathi ugxa wakhe wenza i "ewolo." Tagankovskie Bambalwa abadlali baye bakwazi ukusebenzisana Efros - Smekhov V., V. Zolotukhin, A. Demidov. Abanye uxelile iCity ikrakra. iindlela ezininzi izinto yomzabalazo weza umdlalo. Ngokusebenzisa ukungawi lonke qembu anikezelwa imidlalo yokugqibela Anatoly Vasilyevich - "The Cherry Orchard," "Le Misanthrope," "ezinzulwini Lower", "Beautiful seCawa kwipikniki". nxaxheba abaninzi kule ingxabano kamva zabanga ukuba engalunganga. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka kamva.

Ukufa A. Efros

Anatoly Efros, Januwari 13, 1987, wafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Namhlanje, igama Anatoly Vasilyevich yaba yinxalenye imbali yezobugcisa wokubonelwa eli lizwe, kunye amagama amakhulu afana K. S. Stanislavsky, V. E. Meyerhold, E. B. Vahtangov, A. Ya. Tairov.