Amanzi Fire: Iimfuno hlola

Njengenxenye Izakhiwo zokuhlala, uluntu kunye mveliso inikezela iinkqubo ingcinezelo umlilo. Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo ezinjalo unikezelo umjelo yamanzi asetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo amanqaku athile into. Kunye imigca ulwelo ubonelelo lwamanzi ngqo kwisikhululo sokumpompa amanzi kunye - ukwalathisa lens. amanzi umlilo ukwenza kakuhle imisebenzi yabo ixesha elide, lo gama kugcinwe umthwalo kangangoko, kufuneka phantsi iimvavanyo rhoqo kunye nolondolozo.

Uyilo lwe yonikezelo lwamanzi

nomlilo wamanzi - oku kuphela unikezelo uthabathe stock kwemijelo yamanzi. Le yonke izixhobo izibonelelo, izincedisi kunye zombane, ezo azisoloko inxulumene ngqo inkonzo yenethiwekhi zolwelo. Kunjalo, phantse zonke umgca iinkqubo umlilo kwakheka kwi imibhobho kwesiseko sentsimbi, okanye inxalenye yalo, idityaniswe ukuwelda. oluqhubekayo yinxenye enyanzelekileyo yi umbhobho yaye ivelufa - njengento kangangoko izinto kolu isetyenziswa neengcibi intsimbi, okanye ubuncinane isicelo yobhedu. Nendwe yenzelwe uqhagamshelwano ithumbu umlilo, ukuba kukho iinkqubo umlilo-ukulwa mobile.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, omnye amanqaku zokwenza inkonzo channel amanzi impompo. Oku kunokuba pump station ukunyuka koxinzelelo ekwaziyo lokukhonza zokuchela imijelo ezininzi amanzi mobile nezinto zokubhala. Kwakhona kwimibhobho yamanzi elungiselelwe zokulawula kunye shutoff izivingco, itshintshela, amatanki, yaye ke detectors. D. uqwalaselo nokubekwa zezi zixhobo zisenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke yintoni scheme iphunyezwa ngqo umlilo amanzi enjengesakhiwo into ethile. Ngoko ke, kukho iindlela yangaphandle nangaphakathi zokuhlala zonxibelelwano.

Fire amanzi yangaphandle

Indlela yokufaka zangaphandle kunye nokusebenza amanzi lomlilo yeyona ilungileyo, xa kufikwa ukubeka iiprojekthi zokwakha ezingundoqo kunye nokusetyenziswa iindlela ezizodwa zobugcisa. Ngokukodwa, ezininzi zeenkqubo olu hlobo swi nga ulondolozo lwezakhiwo kutsho ku-1000 m3. Ngokuphathelele kwiintlobo ezithile izinto, amanzi ngomlilo ngaphandle esetyenziselwa phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zemveliso kweeklasi B, D no E. Kwakhona uvumelekile ucimayo hangars, ezinjengeetheminali, impahla.

Ukuhamba kwamanzi kweli tyala malunga-10 l / s. Eli xabiso avareji njengoko xabiso isondlo ubuninzi unako ukufikelela kunye 35 l / s. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko izinto zokuhlala zoluntu neemfuno imithwalo kumsebenzi womnatha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi imigca ngokunciphisa. Pre-abaliweyo kunye nenqanaba xi ngayo ubonelelo lwamanzi yenziwa. Umzekelo, ixabiso ekucetyiswa ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo ephantsi-10 m Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani imigangatho kungenzeka ukwandisa izinga -. 4 m Per umgangatho. Nangona izibonisi nobu nomtsalane ezifana namanzi ngomlilo ngaphandle akusoloko ngempumelelo zokujongana kwimithombo yangaphakathi ucinezelo. Ngokufanelekileyo, kwiimeko ezinjalo badla ukusebenzisa i umgca kwamanzi lwangaphakathi.

Fire amanzi ngaphakathi

umbutho Standards of yonikezelo lwamanzi lomlilo lwangaphakathi ichazwa kwicandelo efanelekileyo isniphu 2.04.01-85 zibaliwe. Oku inikeza unikezelo lwamanzi umlilo zokulwa kwizakhiwo zoshishino kunye noluntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba udidi lwabo. Ukuphakama yonikezelo lwamanzi ingaba-50 m, kwaye umthamo ukuya ku-50 amawaka. ^M3. Ngokuba izindlu yokuhlala amanzi umlilo lwangaphakathi inika umlinganiselo izinga feed amanzi 1.5 l / s - phantsi kwelungiselelo ukuba ngobubanzi ze aphephe kunye nemilomo kuyalungiswa-38 mm.

Kuyinto ngenxa nomsinga elimxinwa lwezixokelelwano onjalo kubonelela eliphakathi ukuya ezise eliphezulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukusetyenziswa kwazo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhusela kwimililo izakhiwo eziphantsi-avuke. Uninzi lwezi zakhiwo ebiqaliswe kwi izibonelelo izibhedlele, izikolo, iiyunivesithi, iiholo ibandla, kwizakhiwo zoshishino.

Lo msebenzi ephambili eyenziwa yi amanzi ngomlilo yangaphakathi, kukuthintela ukunwenwa lomlilo iingongoma ezithile. Ngoko ke, ukuba kwimeko njongo ephambili lwangaphandle amanzi kukunika imigca mobile enemikhono, iinkqubo zangaphakathi akhokelwa sprinklers zokubhala, oluhlanganisiweyo izithuba eluphahleni. Oku kunokuba zokuchela kunye ngunogumbe nemilomo kunye loyilo ezahlukeneyo nemilomo ezijolise ukuchithachitheka zamathontsana okanye inkungu. izixhobo ezinjalo ziyahluka ukuntsonkotha constructional, kodwa ingenelo sabo amathuba ukusebenza ngendlela imo oluzenzekelayo.

Khangela wokungakwazi fluid

Kwinkqubo zeetshekhi inkqubo kwi ukulahleka kwamanzi kuqikelelwa njengezalathisi uxinzelelo isiqu kwemiqathango inika uxinizelelo efanelekileyo. Olu hlolo ikuvumela ukuba kuyibiyela nxamnye nomthwalo kumgca kunye nokuthintela neengozi. Iimvavanyo ukulahleka kwamanzi kwenzeka kabini ngonyaka. ixesha test kukhethiwe ngokusekelwe kwixesha apho kukho amanzi asetyenziswa kakhulu kweli ziko. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha ehlotyeni. Kule unxibelelwano kufuneka zihlolwe kwi xi angaphantsi kwanala aphakathi esikhundleni kumgca engundoqo iziko. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuqikelela ijelo amathuba emisebenzi kwi okungenani izimo.

Ngaphandle koxinzelelo line check Umlilo utyhila kwinqanaba ubude jet compact ceke, umthamo amanzi kunye uxinzelelo kwi vana. Kodwa ikakhulu ukwenza umlinganiselo saa kwiimeko ezininzi asifuneki, ekubeni ezi mpawu zihlobene. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo esiqwini ilingane kwabo kwi impompo. Kwaye ubuncinane ukuhamba data kwaye ukuphakama jet ukugcina ngaphakathi eqhelekileyo.

Ukukhangela ngelahleko fluid ngokwayo ikhutshwa phandle nangendlela ecwangciswe kakuhle ngokulandelelana ukuba imibhobho umlilo, leyo umgama kakhulu ukusuka kwisikhululo sokumpompa. Ukuba umgca iya umthwalo ukusuka milenge ezimbalwa - ngamnye kubo ukuba isebenze. Ukuquka valve omelene zisetyenziswa noqhagamshelwano idityaniswe phayiphu, oludityaniswe zomlilo amanzi. Iimfuno Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uxinzelelo kufuneka kulinganiswa kuphela kwi impompo main supply. Okanye, kungenjalo, kuba lula, uyakwazi ukulawula inkqubo vana umlilo kakhulu vysokoraspolozhenny.

Ukulinganisa isixhobo ukuhlolwa

Pressure isikali i parameter ezingundoqo, ngoko igeyiji ziza kuba sisixhobo ophambili uvavanyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ifaka yokulinganisa uxinzelelo esetyenziselwa iinjongo ezinjalo umlinganiselo. Faka ekupheleni advance inikwa ngumntu intloko nokuhlangana okhethekileyo.

Ngokumalunga yokubekwa izixhobo, indawo kangangoko iphakathi ithumbu umlilo vana. Ngqo isixhobo gauge imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwi Fakela. Ukuba awukwazi ukuxhuma ngqo, unako ukusebenzisa umbhobho imitha eguqukayo ikwavumela kukudlulisela isixa kuxinzelelo kwisikali manometer.

Kuxhomekeka kumgca umlilo iinjongo zovavanyo Test ukuze kubandakanywe nezinye iparameters kunye nemilinganiselo. Umzekelo, iqondo lobushushu. Kodwa ke kuyafuneka ukuba usebenzise igeyiji xi okanye idityaniswe umsebenzi ithemometha, okanye isixhobo kwimizi bimetal kunye woluvo lokulinganisa lwangaphandle.

Ukuhlola izinto system

Ukongezelela bazitshekishe metrological iparameters nokusebenza izibonelelo zamanzi umlilo yavavanywa nemeko lobugcisa amabakala alo. Eyona into lokuqinisekisa umphanda ubabalo ngomlilo. Azisoloko avavanywe kwi-sikhokelo ziqwalasele ukulahleka kwamanzi, ngoko kuyanceda uphando eyahlukileyo.

Ukungabikho weenyembezi, ube sengozini iziphene phezu komhlaba buti - neenqobo eziphambili ngazo ukuvavanya le nxalenye kunye namanzi umlilo lwangaphakathi. Iimfuno zangaphandle nangaphakathi ekuqaleni amisele ukuba incwadi output imigodi ngobubanzi kufuneka ibe kuluhlu 13-19 mm. Umyinge Ixabiso avumelekile - 16 mm.

Le enemikhono nazo zatshekishwa ingqibelelo kunye nobukhulu. Ngokukodwa, ubude umkhono unokuba-10, 15 okanye 20 m. Ngokuphathelele ububanzi, isukela 51 ukuya 66 mm. Ubukhulu ethile le bhafu kunye emkhonweni lukhethiwe ngokungqinelana uhlobo lwento bakhonza sabacimimlilo iimfuno maqhinga.

Hi ndlela leyi, ukuhlola unikezelo lwamanzi umlilo yangaphakathi kwakhona isebenza uhlalutyo umgangatho sprinklers kunye iimpawu zoyilo. Amagcisa ukuhlola ingqibelelo yabo, umgangatho ubonelelo lwamanzi, ukuthembeka amacandelwana zinonxibelelwano olungacacanga. Phantse yonke inkqubo, icinga ubukho ezigcina amanzi, nto leyo kubizwa ngokuba amandla yokulinda. Amatanki elolu hlobo lukhangelwa ingqibelelo kunye nomgangatho ngokunxulumene nonikezelo lwamanzi lonxibelelwano emgceni.

Uhlolo kunye nokubhaliswa iziphumo zovavanyo

Kwimeko nganye, le parameters ezakhayo iya kuba ezahlukeneyo, ngokuba ingaba yombhobho weprojekthi nganye. Esi salathisi xi ithathwa njengokuba njengenqobo engundoqo. ixabiso layo ngokungqinelana nemigaqo emiselwe kule olinganise ziya kuba amaxabiso elilelona ezivelayo isisombululo kuyilo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko umgca yokuqinisekisa umlilo oluvumelanayo kuphela xa ingqibelelo izixhobo ze ukuhlangabezana parameters ezithile zobugcisa - ubude, ububanzi, etc ...

Emva ukulungisa iziphumo zovavanyo luxwebhu olukhethekileyo. Ngokukodwa, uvavanyo ubhala imithetho elandelwayo ubhala data ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngamanzi kovavanyo umthamo. Ulwazi Uxwebhu zimpazamo zikhoyo malunga uxinzelelo kwi izikhondo yaye ivelufa. Kwangaxeshanye oko kukhutshwa sisenzo umgca lomlilo, ebonisa ixesha kunye nendawo iimvavanyo, kunye neenkcukacha malunga nesakhiwo kunye nokugcina izixhobo. Iinkcukacha beqabe kwaye yavavanywa iimpawu yonxibelelwano - .. Umzekelo, uhlobo buti, izinto umbhobho, kubungakanani bekhusi, njl Zombini maxwebhu aya ekugqibeleni lusayinwe ngawo onke amalungu ekomiti abo bathatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo.

Iimfuno Security

Ngexesha test, nxaxheba uhlolo kufuneka athobele imithetho yokhuseleko. Okokuqala, ukuba iimvavanyo eyiyo wavumela abantu baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo lokusingatha komgca izixhobo umlilo. nxaxheba ngamnye kufuneka abe impahla ekhethekileyo ngamanzi-nasekugxotheni ngeso lenyama. Iimpawu izicwili zayo kufuneka athobele imithwalo, esebenza kunye namanzi examinee.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iziganeko ezinjalo iyabanjwa lweetiphu ezikhethekileyo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko xa oko kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke, ekugqibeleni khangela ikhutshwa phandle on-site operation izixhobo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umzekelo, iimvavanyo kwi ilahleko fluid inokwenziwa kuphela zihlandlo xa nangoncedo jet abaqhubeki isisongelo liyadlula abantu kunye nezithuthi.

Ngaphakathi isakhiwo kufuneka kwakhona ukunika unikezelo lwamanzi ukhuseleko emlilweni, ukuba sikhokelo uqinisekise umthombo ukuzisebenzela kweesoftwe, impompo kunye sprinklers. Ekubeni ngenkuthalo ngenxa kusenokubandakanya ukuphunyezwa eziliqela zazo olwalusele Bayacelwa ku yingisela swi lulamisela olubanzi lwezixhobo kunye izincedisi ezifanelekileyo uhlobo oluthile lwezilinganisi itephu.

iimfuno Maintenance

imeko Technical ukuba iziseko isetyenziswa rhoqo kufuneka ihlolwe ubuncinane kabini ngonyaka. Iqwalasela imibhobho, risers, imisipha, izifakelelo nokuqina, enemikhono kunye komboko, umlilo nekhabhathi kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kuzo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, abasebenzi ukukhonza owenza umsebenzi kulondolozo, ukutshintsha inxalenye eligugileyo, kubuyisa ulwelo yokuqaba kwi impompo kunye motor Akunakuba yenza utshintsho zoyilo.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba imeko kwinkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi inokuba nempembelelo embi kungekhona nje impumelelo umsebenzi zokulwa umlilo, kodwa kukhuseleko isakhiwo okanye izakhiwo apho lugxunyekwe khona. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi komthwalo koxinzelelo phezulu ngaphandle isisongelo ipipi lomlilo wesekethe banako nakanjani sinda ezimbaxa zakhiwe ebangela impahla umonakalo eziphathekayo.

Kunye nale ngomlilo nkonzo ngamanzi luchaphazela imiba yempilo kunye nomgca ngokwayo. Abasebenzi ukuvavanya umgangatho kwisikhululo sokumpompa amanzi kunye nozinzo amanzi kumthombo engundoqo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, nabo benze utshintsho parameters kuxinzelelo kunye nemveliso kwezixhobo utshatise ngokupheleleyo iimfuno ukhuseleko emlilweni ngenxa kwixesha langoku.

isiphelo

Undoqo nokuqinisekiswa ngempumelelo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kobonelelo lwamanzi umlilo kubonelelwa kwinqanaba lomsebenzi yoyilo kunye ufakelo. Iingcali ukumisela imisele olwamkelweyo ekubekeni ubuqili ezahlukeneyo uthathe ingqalelo imibhobho ezinokubakho, izikhululo zokumpompa kunye imigca yonikezelo lwamanzi. Ukuba ezi zigaba kwenziwa umsebenzi ngenkuthalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba nomlilo amanzi ukubonisa ukuthobela kunye nemigaqo kwisivuno kwamanzi, kunye neemfuno zobugcisa.

Xa umgangatho elizayo lwezibonelelo itephu kunye nokusebenza iya kuxhomekeka ezinye izinto. Umzekelo, indlela yokukhusela wokucima efanayo ebusika. Akukho ngaphantsi etsolo kunye nemibuzo kunye nendawo zokuhamba. Kufuphi izakhiwo zikarhulumente namaziko yemveliso eziyimfuneko ukubonelela yokupakisha iinjini umlilo. Noko ke, kufuneka uzilungiselele driveways kunye neendlela ukuba umthombo elikufutshane wamanzi kungakhathaliseki lonyaka.

Bekuya kuba akufuneki ukubonelela amandla kunye bokuqonda. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwisikhululo sokumpompa amanzi kunye ulawulo oluzenzekelayo umbane, ngoko ukuba yogcino wenkunkuma uya kuvumela inshorensi xa kuthe kwakho imeko kaxakeka ayeke ukuhamba yangoku ukusuka kumgca osembindini.