Amanzi acocekileyo kunye namanzi emva zokucoca. Ukuthelekiswa yamanzi okusela phambi nasemva zokuhlanjululwa

Umzekeliso wamandulo uthi: Thina - into yokutya neyokusela. Nantso ubomi. Akukho Ngeke siphikisane, ngenxa yokuba umzimba wethu phantse asixhenxe anesihlanu ekhulwini - amanzi. Ngaphandle amanzi umntu angaphila hayi ngaphezulu kweveki, kwaye entlango ababulawa emzimbeni kwiiyure ezimbini. Umgangatho ukusela yendalo kuchaphazela isimo umzimba womntu. Kwaye indlela esiphila kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kodwa kuqala lwalugxile ingaba amanzi okusela nalapho silungiselela ukutya kwabo.

Umba umgangatho wobomi

Ukuthelekiswa amanzi okusela phambi nasemva unyango kwiinkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi zalathisi abaninzi abala-, kwaye maxa wambi esoyika. Kwaye oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho amanzi alo kwindawo ethile kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. . Oko kufuneka Uhlalutyo lokusingqongileyo yeendawo: ukufutshane kangakanani na umthombo imizi-mveliso omkhulu. Kuba imithombo komhlaba ukuphendula umbuzo malunga nomgangatho wamanzi unika uhlahlelo kunye nonyango lwe amanzi equleni. Indlela acocekileyo amanzi, oko kukuthi indlela zokucoca kakhulu ngempumelelo kwindawo ethile, yithi uhlalutyo zengqo- wequla unyango.

Iingxelo imibutho emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bajongane umgangatho wamanzi, akhoo ezimbi. kumazwe angaphezu kwama asibhozo ehlabathini lonke abafumana iingxaki ezinxulumene sithengise yayo. Nesiqingatha kula mazwe ngokubanzi kwi elunxwemeni zamanzi. Kukho imbambano malunga nenani, singasathethi umgangatho wamanzi. Amanzi - isinyibilikisi jikelele. Ngoko ke, indala ukulungiselela amanzi ubuchwepheshe kunye nococo elandelayo imizi mveliso yokunyanga amanzi amdaka avela kwimizi musa ukuphelisa le ngxaki yokuba amanzi mali eziyingozi kunye eziyingozi kwezimbiwa (intsimbi, manganese, ikopolo, imetyhuri, i-aluminiyamu, njl) Yaye izinto eziphilayo (ammonia, nitrate, nitrites, phosphate, kunye nabanye. ). Virological, iimvavanyo bacteriological kumazwe amaninzi lubonisa ukuba ezi parameters izithethe ayahlonitshwa kuyo yonke indawo. Ifuna ukucoca ezongezelelweyo ekhaya, okt. A. Kukho intsongelo izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, lenyama, kunye namanye amagciwane. Eyona ndlela ibubulumko of kwamagciwane, chlorination, ukuba akungebalelwe imithetho kukhokelela kumxonxi zingaphawulwa yimpilo mali umhlaza of iikhompawundi iklorin emanzini. Yongeza apha iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kunye iingxaki imandundu iinkqubo zonikezelo lwamanzi imizi mveliso ubudala, kwaye kucaca kungxamisekile ngayo le ngxaki. Amanzi acocekileyo namanzi akusoloko acocekileyo emva eyahlukileyo kangaka umgangatho.

Industrial isikali zokuhlanjululwa

amanzi bemvelo evela emlanjeni (isixeko njalo zimiselwe kufutshane imizimba endalo yamanzi) ongena ugwebu amanzi. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwindawo yayo, uthango yenziwa emantla zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye namashishini phakathi komzi, kummandla ekuthiwa-sanitary. Emva kokuba amanzi ekudleni ongena iitanki neentlenge, apho preliminary ngokuhlanjululwa inyathelo kuqala. Kuxhomekeka umgangatho wamanzi kungengokwentlambululo amanzi ekupheleni kokwenziwa kwesiko labafazi, lisetyenziswa sump okanye hayi wezenzi ezifanelekileyo. Kuba yesinye (coagulation) ngamasuntswana imisiwe emanzini eyaziswa intsimbi okanye aluminium ityuwa. Ukusuka njo kunye ukuphelisa ubumdaka eziyingozi isikhululo livimbela usebenzisa i filter enemingxuma kokuhlanjwa, eyenziwe izinto ngamanzi-cala okanye insimbi. Emva koko, product Ngekumlungele amanzi okusela yenziwa ngokusebenzisa izihluzi iCartridge apho umgibe amasuntswana of microns-5. Amanzi emva lokucoca ulwelo lo ngokuxhomekeke ukulawula ukuqina, isiqulatho yentsimbi zokuhlanjululwa ngakumbi.

Ukucocwa isigaba Special - kwamagciwane

Ukusela amanzi etephini kwisixeko mveliso esikhulu, nangona ngokwanelisayo, kodwa inkoliso yabo ukunambitha. Kodwa ukusilela ukuthobela imigangatho yococeko - ngumbandela iinkundla. Kwi amashishini amakhulu zikarhulumente imo yonxunguphalo, kodwa kufuneka ngoko nangoko azise umboleki. Ukongeza, ezinye amanzi emva zokucoca namuhla wavelisa egqitha umxhasi, kodwa kuxhomekeke kakhulu umgangatho imibhobho kule nkqubo umzi, izindlu zethu zokuhlala. Ngoko ke, indawo ekhethekileyo kumjikelo lokuhlanjululwa kuthatha yokubulala sigaba sokugqibela. Eyona ndlela ziqhelekileyo kwaye ntaka kweentsholongwane yi chlorination. Kodwa ngenxa yokunyuka kwezinga phezu izinto iklorin aqulethe, le ndlela akuthethi ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi ngamashishini. Ukuthelekiswa amanzi okusela phambi nasemva zokuhlanjululwa chlorination ngamanye amaxesha ebuza ukuguqula njani oku ibe amanzi okusela iintsholongwane.

ozonation kwamagciwane

Emva kokubulawa kwamagciwane chlorine kwi umboniso amanzi iikhompawundi apho bangalahlekelwa zinetyhefu kwabo emva ekuzinziseni amanzi etephini ekhaya. Kukho iingxaki zokunqongophala iikhemikhali chlorine. Ezi ngxaki wobubi indlela kweentsholongwane kwizityalo kunyango kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zonyango ozone. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ozonation lisetyenziswa kwi nqanaba kwamalungiselelo kucocwa. Le ndlela iphumelela ngakumbi kwaye bakhuselekile. Ozone ngokwaneleyo ingaveliselwa ngqo kwi ndawo apho isicelo. Ozonation ingasetyenziswa xa zidityaniswe kunye nezinye iioksidenti, chlorine, kwakunye nonyango ultrasound kunye zokukhanya yelanga. A nesiphumo iintsholongwane ekulweni unika ozone lwee- ml 0.4 ilitha imizuzu emine kuphela. Le ozonization amanzi okusela emva kokucocwa It unohlobo zangaphandle of ukungcola kanye amavumba amazwe. Ukusela amanzi kucacile ngaphandle kokuqhatha iipropati yayo yendalo. ozone agqithisileyo iguqulelwa oksijini, ngaphandle kwenzakalise amanzi Ubumandi. Isizathu sokuba le ndlela yokubulala ozone lisetyenziswa ngaphantsi kwe chlorination kusenokwenzeka ukuba iimpawu ephosakeleyo yokuba isisombululo ozone zolwelo yaye bafunda inkcukacha yokucoca amanzi kunye nococo lwamanzi emva kuchaphazela umzimba womntu.

Iindlela ezizezinye kweentsholongwane

Yiyiphi indlela kweentsholongwane lokukhetha imiselwe kwi indleko akhawunti, ukusebenza kunye, Kakade ke, imali eyimfuneko amanzi okusela. Mhlawumbi indlela endala na nkucetelo wa iimolekyuli yamanzi bangane amanene zesinyithi (isiliva). Kuyaqondakala ukuba le ndlela ngeke isetyenziswe ngendlela engazange mveliso. Okuxabiseke ezinqabileyo, ngenxa ngokungakhuseleki indlela yokwenza yi nzala yi sesichengeni sosasazeko lwemitha. Kodwa okusela amdaka amanzi ultraviolet radiation lusoloko asetyenziswe kwizityalo unyango amdaka ekhaya.

intsimbi kwemfuneko emanzini

Xa eziliqela kwiindawo kwi nezokukhupha amanzi okusela asuka kwimithombo komhlaba okanye umgangatho wamanzi emva ekucoceni lokucoca kangangexesha elithile kuhlala ecacileyo, kodwa ke, uphendulela yellow. Nguwo lowo umqondiso lokuqala agqithisile intsimbi kuyo. Ngaphezu koko, amanzi enjalo incasa ethile glandular. Ukuyibetha ngoyaba le ngxaki kuyingozi kwimpilo yoluntu kunye nomgangatho wobomi, t. To. La manzi ikhokelela ukonakala kweendlela izixhobo zombane zasekhaya ezisebenzisa ulwelo efanayo.

iindlela jikelele zokuhlanjululwa ukusuka ngentsimbi apho. Amanzi kufunxwa evela kwimithombo ezisentlabathini wasebenzisa indlela reagent usebenzisa wechlorine enye okanye ozone, ubuncinane - permanganate potassium okanye sodium hayidroksayidi. A amanzi kufunxwa kwimithombo phantsi komhlaba, iindlela ezifanelekileyo usebenzisa wezenzi kunye reagentless ezifana nomoya. Nomoya - kongezwa umoya okunzulu oxygenation. Ekhaya, indlela isetyenziswa ne agqithisile amanzi ndigila filter zentsimbi kunye nezinto ezizodwa ukususa oxidized kwaye lichithakale yentsimbi. incasa embi amanzi emva kokuba icebo lokucoca ulwelo xa kucocwa amanzi liyalahleka phantse ngokupheleleyo.

amanzi anomkhenkce anyibilike

Uphumle ethile, uva: ukuba amanzi ithambe - isepha akuthethi uhlambe off. Kodwa kukho isitya eyandileyo ngxaki ngqongqo. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula abenzi umhlwa angcolile kunye neti Ekse okanye ikofu phezu kwamanzi, kwaye kucacile ukuba ziphele umgangatho wobomi babantu. Agqithisile ngamanzi-enyibilikayo iityuwa yokwenza amanzi anomkhenkce anyibilike. Le ngqongqo yexeshana kuphele abilayo. Kodwa enamandla acid neetyuwa, sulfates kunye kloride ukwenza ngqongqo apho akatshintshi ngexesha abilayo. Yinto rhoqo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i reagent esetyenzisiweyo okanye zokuhlanjululwa iindlela ayabiza kakhulu - qhwa, neyanamhlanje, electrodialysis. Xa imeko yasekhaya nokucoca okucoca ukusetyenziswa nzima omhlaba yakhiwe kwi inwebu. Amanzi acocekileyo kunye namanzi emva nokucoca inwebu kuhlalutyo nemiphumo encomekayo.

inwebu

inwebu - enzonzobila, phezulu ukuya kumashumi alithoba anesihlanu ekhulwini ukucocwa. Ukwahlulwa zonke izinto eziqulethwe amanzi lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inwebu semipermeable. Inwebu ezenziwe ngezinto eziphambili amazwe. Kukho polyamide, neselulosi acetate kunye nabanye. Le pores ye-inwebu abe ubukhulu omnye kuphela sewaka a micron apho abadlula kuphela iimolekyuli zamanzi. Konke ukungcola, kuquka iintsholongwane, ezifakwe kwi ndizayo. Ukuba kukho umbuzo malunga nendlela acocekileyo amanzi etephini, kuba umgangatho, oluthembekileyo, indlela indalo ukuphucula iimpawu zendalo zamanzi emva zokucoca.

izihluzi carbon. Enrichment kwamanzi kunye nezithako

Amacebo osebenza nokusetyenziswa iimpawu sorbing le carbon yasebenza esetyenziswa kwi zigaba yokugqibela emva kokuba-unyango xa oko kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa ecaleni nkoka umbala, ivumba okanye incasa. Ukuze ezi njongo i izimbiwa zendalo ezisetyenzisiweyo: Intaba zwi, lesilicon, shungite. Ahlanganiswe ezi izimbiwa ukuba incasa amanzi emthonjeni.

technology entsha yokucoca amanzi

Uphando lwakutsha nje ukusetyenziswa By xa okusela yokucocwa kwamanzi kwisivuno nemiphumela encomekayo. Studies of iimpawu microparticles dust camera maleko nanometric kwezinto ezizizembiwa, babonisa ukukwazi ukutsala (ukutsalwa electrostatic) idityaniselwe kwakuyo kwamagciwane kunye iimolekyuli eziphilayo. Nje nanoparticles ibekwa zizikhumba bazihlambela, uze susa kubangela nanopowder product.

Amazwe amaninzi ngoku ukusebenza nokudalwa izixhobo nanofiltration. Lokulinganisa abonakale zokuhlanjululwa encedisa ukuqalisa kunye neendlela electrochemical. Rhoqo ngcono iinkqubo yemichiza nokucoca kwinqanaba atomic.