Alexy, uMphathi eMoscow All Russia: biography of ubomi bakhe, iifoto

Ubhishophu Alexy II, ogama biography eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku, uye waphila ubomi obude, ndiyacinga, ubomi onwabile. umsebenzi wakhe washiya uphawu nzulu kungekuphela nje kwimbali Russian Orthodox Church, kodwa ezintliziyweni zabantu abaninzi. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto, emva kokufa ngababingeleli abantu babengenako ukukholwa, uze ngokwemiqathango oludlulayo yakhe, kwaye ke ajikeleza kwinguqulelo uluntu uBhishophu Alexy II wabulawa. Le ndoda yabe ininzi kangaka ukwenza ebomini bakhe yezenzo ezilungileyo, ukuba ixabiso ngamnye kule minyaka kuye ninganciphi.

imvelaphi

Ubhishophu Alexy II, ogama biography kwizizukulwana ezininzi ezinxulumene iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, wazalwa ngo February 23, 1929 kwintsapho engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwisixeko Tallinn. Le ukhokho lombingeleli elizayo ngemihla wokulawula uCatherine II lamkela Orthodox ogama Fedor. Yena waba jikelele, umzobo kawonke abadumileyo nomphathi. Ukususela kule hero imfazwe 1812 waza waya Russian wazalelwa Riediger.

UTatomkhulu kasolusapho elizayo yakwazi ukuba usapho lwakhe ukuya xesha lishushu Revolution ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya Estonia. uyise Alexia kaThixo wafundiswa yodumo Imperial College of Law, kodwa sele wagqiba izifundo zakhe e-Estonia. Yena ke wasebenza ngumantyi Tallinn, watshata intombi ka-Colonel emkhosini tsarist. Xa elinomoya walawula abazali Orthodox Alexia babengamalungu intshukumo ngcembe RSCM (Russian Student Christian Movement). Baya inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zonqulo, yoonongendi watyelela waya inkonzo etempileni. Xa uThemba ndandisemncinane, uyise waqalisa ukufunda kwiikhosi wamadlelo, apho wadibana noyise wakhe uYohane, owathi kamva waba nguyise wokomoya lenkwenkwe.

Lo mkhaya isiko yokuchitha iholide zehlobo xa behamba uhambo nezigodlo ezahlukeneyo. Kungelo xesha awathi Alexis ubomi Pühtitsa wayemthanda yokuhlala. Ngowe-1940, uyise Alexis ka-elamiselwa umdikoni. Ukususela ngo-1942, wakhonza ecaweni Kazan e Tallinn, naphezu engama-20 ukunceda abantu bafumane uThixo.

ebuntwaneni

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, usolusapho elizayo Moskovskiy Aleksy shi kwi emoyeni ngenxa yenkolo, apho umgaqo yokomoya ephambili ekubunjweni kuye. Kwiminyaka emi-6 ubudala waza waqalisa ukuya kuncedisa wenkonzo yendlu. Abazali kunye noyise lwabangela inkwenkwe ngomoya lwamaxabiso zamaKristu, wakhula umntwana nokulunga, bawathobele. Times baba nzima, intsapho ekuqaleni Second World War umnwe ukugxothwa eSiberia of imvelaphi German. Riediger kwafuneka ukufihla. Ngexesha lemfazwe, utata wathabatha Alyosha ngotyelelo amabanjwa kwiinkampu bafudukela abantu eJamani.

ebiza

Usapho Riediger emoyeni yonke iSipro unqulo, umntwana wayesela kulo ukususela ebuntwaneni. Yena wasithanda, nalwazi iinkonzo amarhamente, wadlala nabo imidlalo zabo. confessor sakhe luxhaswe umtsalane le nkwenkwe ukuba Ukholo Orthodox. Ngowe-1941, elizayo uBhishophu Alexy 2 iba i inkwenkwe isibingelelo, ukunceda umdikoni - kayise. Emva koko wachitha iminyaka eliqela ekhonza kwiicawa ezahlukahlukeneyo of Tallinn. Okumiselwe Alexis, enyanisweni, iye kwangaphambili kwasekuzalweni, wayeneminyaka engama-5 eyayikho kuphela esifubeni kwebandla.

Ngowe-1947, elizayo ubungcwele lakhe 2 ongena sabefundisi Leningrad, ithinjiwe iKiriyatayim ngqo kwi iklasi wesithathu ngenxa kwimfundo ephakamileyo noqeqesho. Ngowe-1949 yena wangena iLeningrad Theological Academy. Ngeli xesha, waphila amaziko ezenkolo emfundo kuhlala phezu zanda, inika ngemfundo esemgangathweni ophezulu Alex. Yena umfundi elungileyo kakhulu, bonke ootitshala waphawula iminkqangiyelo yakhe nokundileka. Waba akukho ukudideka kwengqondo nasekusetsheni, wayeqinisekile ngokupheleleyo ukholo lwakhe kunye nomnqophiso wakhe.

ubomi ngababingeleli

Kodwa ke uninzi izifundo Academy A. Riediger udlula nangaphandle. Leningrad Gregory Metropolitan wamema lo mfana ukuba amiswe phambi sidanga. Wamenywa ukuba iinketho iinkonzo eziliqela, wanyula isikhundla Umphathi Epiphany Church kwidolophu Jõhvi. Ukusuka apho, akwazi rhoqo abazali uye kule Akhademi. Ngowe-1953 waphumelela Academy waba umfundi wezakwalizwi. Ngowe-1957 watshintshelwa kwi kukuliphi enzima Jõhvi kwiYunivesithi Tartu. Ngoko ke Ubhishophu elizayo Alexy II, iminyaka yobomi eziya ezinxulumene inkonzo yonqulo, laqalisa umendo lombingeleli.

isabelo sayo bawa amaxesha kwakhona nzima. Cathedral ye Ingqikelelo, leyo wamiselwa Alexis, waba ezikwimeko engafanelekanga, abasemagunyeni abazange ukuxhasa noxanduva zonqulo, kwafuneka ukuba sisebenze nzima kakhulu, thetha nabantu, ukuba eme inkonzo, yiya kwiinkonzo zenkolo. umbingeleli makhwelo wagqiba kwelokuba afune uncedo uBhishophu Alexis I, ngubani kuncediswa ukulungiswa kunye nobizo wabasikelela. Ngowe-1958, Alexis iba archpriest, kwaye umphathi Tartu-Viljandi County. Ngowe-1959, umbingeleli wafa umama, yaye oku kwabangela ukuba senziwe monasticism. Wacinga kuqala malunga isenzo esinjalo, kwaye ngoku ekugqibeleni kuqinisekiswe senjongo yakhe.

onjani Way

Ngowe-1961, elizayo uBhishophu Alexy II (ifoto kuye rhoqo zinokubonakala kwi lotyelelo ngokutsha abathunywa basemzini Russia) lifumana njengengqesho entsha. Yena uba Bishop of Tallinn kunye Estonia, godu okwethutyana kwakhe ukulawula Riga eso sithili. Russian Church Orthodox ukunqongophala nokoyika kwabasebenzi abatsha abafundileyo, ingakumbi ekubeni lesi umjikelo omtsha intshutshiso eRashiya. Yomiselo, ngesicelo Alexis, kuqhutyelwa Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral Tallinn. Ngoko nangoko ubhishophu oselula ofumana umnxeba yabasemagunyeni. Parish lakhe imiselwe ukuvala iicawa ezininzi ngenxa 'ongancedi lutho, "yaye ozithandayo Pyuhittsky Monastery ukunika ikhaya iholide zabasebenzi basemgodini. Kufuneka amanyathelo ezingxamisekileyo kwaye womelele.

Alexis ihlela utyelelo eziliqela ukuya abathunywa amazwe ezinkulu endaweni yakhe eMonastri, ngenxa eendaba Western kuvela iincwadi ngaye, zonyaka apha kwakukho abameli phantse yonke imibutho yenkolo lwehlabathi, abasemagunyeni kwafuneka ukuba anikezele, kwaye kuvalwe woonongendi engasekho avuswe. Pyuhittsky isigodlo ngenxa yemigudu Alexis yaba yindawo utyelelo kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi abameli onke amabandla yaseYurophu.

Alexis wakhonza e Tallinn izizathu kwekhulu ngekota. Ngeli xesha ke Wazomeleza kakhulu apha Church Orthodox wakhupha isixa esikhulu iincwadi, kubandakanywa ulwimi Estonian. iinzame zakhe basinda yeetempile kummandla, kuquka Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral, leyo kudala wakhonza uyise lika-, owafa ngowe-1962, Kazan Church e Tallinn. Kodwa ke ze imigudu abasemagunyeni benze umsebenzi wabo: inani amakholwa ithe sehla ukuya kwiidolophana wahlala iicawa esebenzayo, Archimandrite kuhlawulwa umxholo kwemali zecawa.

Ngowe-1969, uAlex wabeka ukukhonza olongezelelweyo njengoko Metropolitan of eLeningrad kunye Novgorod.

Church nokuphila kawonke

Alexis njalo wayehamba kakhulu xa mabandla zabo kunye neenkonzo kaThixo ngenjongo ukuba aqhube incoko kunye namakholwa, bomeleze umoya wabo. Kulo mzekelo, usolusapho elizayo kakhulu ixesha wamnika umsebenzi karhulumente. Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo, inkonzo Diocesan, akazange ahlale angazihoyi ubomi yonke Church Orthodox. Ngowe-1961, usolusapho elizayo Alexy II, photo ungabona kweli nqaku, ulilungu le igqiza leCawa Orthodox Russian kwi World Council of yeNdibano Churches. Yena inxaxheba kumsebenzi imibutho ezidumileyo ezifana kwiNkomfa leeNkonzo yaseYurophu, apho wayesebenza iminyaka engaphezu 25, ekugqibeleni waba usihlalo Elawulayo, Pan-Orthodox leNkomfa Rhodes, imibutho uxolo, ingakumbi eSoviet Uxolo Fund, Fund iincwadi Slavic kunye neenkcubeko Slavic. Ukususela ngowe-1961, waba usekela-sihlalo for yangaphandle Church eMisebenzini le Moscow labefundisi iSebe. Ngowe-1964 waba Chancellor le Moscow labefundisi kwaye enze loo misebenzi iminyaka 22.

Ngowe-1989, Alexis wonyulwa ulibamba i-USSR kunye nokulondolozwa lwamaxabiso zesizwe nenkcubeko, ulwimi, ukhuselo umlando.

kwisihlalo sobhishophu

Ngowe-1990, Pimen wafa, kwaye iBhunga Local wadibana ukuba zinyula intloko entsha yebandla Russian; kwaye kungekho mviwa ngaphezu Alexis. Ubhishophu Russian ebekwa-10 Juni 1990 kule Epiphany Cathedral eMoscow. Kwintetho yakhe ebandleni, wathi yena ubona njengoko injongo yayo engundoqo ekomelezeni indima ngomoya-bearer of the Church. Wayekholelwa ukuba imfuneko ukwandisa inani iitempile, kuquka imfuneko yokuba ukusebenza kwiindawo lokuvalelwa, ukunika abantu ngenkxaso yokomoya endleleni ukulungiswa. Phambili inguqu lwezentlalo eluntwini, icawa kwafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswa ukomeleza indawo yayo, kunye uAlex wayeyiqonda kakuhle loo nto.

Kuba ixesha elithile usolusapho wahlabela mgama abe ubhishophu eLeningrad kunye Tallinn eso sithili. Ngowe-1999, wathabatha phezu ulawulo yeCawa Orthodox Japanese. Phakathi nenkonzo yakhe, uMphathi wayehamba kakhulu kwa mabandla, inkonzo ozinikeleyo, waba negalelo kulwakhiwo icawa. Kuyo yonke le minyaka wayetyelela dioceses 88, 168 omiselweyo iitempile, wathabatha amawaka bavume.

indawo kawonke

Alexy, uMphathi eMoscow All Russia, esemncinane yahlukile kwindawo eqinileyo ekuhlaleni. Wabona umsebenzi wakhe nje kuphela ukukhonza uThixo, kodwa ukukhuthaza Orthodox. Wayeqiniseka ukuba onke amaKristu afanele bamanyane kumsebenzi wokufundisa. Alex wayekholelwa ukuba ibandla kufuneka basebenzisane kunye nabasemagunyeni, nangona sele wayefumene izinto ezininzi intshutshiso evela abasemagunyeni eSoviet, kodwa emva perestroika afuna ukuba ngamalungisa ulwalamano oluhle kunye nenkokheli lizwe ukusebenza kunye ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi karhulumente.

Kakade ke, lo solusapho wayesoloko waluthethelela underdog, yena wenza umsebenzi omninzi yesisa negalelo yokuba amarhamente akhe ukuba nabo seyinike uncedo abasweleyo. Kulo mzekelo, Alexis uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo uthethe nxamnye nabantu kunye nokhetho ngokwesondo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngokufudumeleyo maz usodolophu eMoscow ban mbuka eqaqambileyo, ebizwa ubufanasini okulahlwa itshabalalisa izithethe zakwaNtu koBuntu.

Church kunye notshintsho kwezentlalo phantsi uMphathi

Alexy, uMphathi eMoscow All Russia, waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe nto leyo lwaziswe imeko emandundu ibandla urhulumente yangoku lizwe. Uye wenze lukhulu ukwandisa indima webandla kwezopolitiko belizwe, oko nangokomyinge abantu okokuqala kwexesha lemo uhambele yesikhumbuzo kunye neziganeko zemikhosi. Alex wenza lukhulu kugunyaziwe icawa buzinze ezandleni kweBhunga labaSebenzi Bishops ', kuncitshiswa nokulawulwa ngokwentando kulwakhiwo kwebandla. Ngelo xesha ayenzileyo ukuba zandisa ukuzimela kwimimandla ngamanye Russian Federation.

Merit uMphathi

Alexy, uMphathi All Russia, ukuya Russian Church Orthodox wenza lukhulu kule yokuqala indawo Bulelani kuye ibandla emva kwinkonzo yoluntu ngokubanzi. Yaba nguye lowo negalelo yokuba namhlanje ibandla Russian ezele amarhamente, ukuba unqulo luye kwakhona abe yinxalenye aziqhelileyo ubomi baseRashiya. Kwakhona, wakwazi ukuba angabambeki wolawulo Russian zeCawa lithi yaba elizimeleyo ngenxa ngokuwa USSR. umsebenzi wakhe njengoko uMphathi eMoscow All Russia kuye kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso Orthodox, ukunyusa ukubaluleka yayo ehlabathini. Alexis waye usihlalo wekomiti mekonfessionalnogo "Iisus Hristos izolo, namhlanje, nangonaphakade." Ngo-2007, ngenxa yemizamo yakhe watyikitywa i "uMthetho kwi Iincwadi iSidlo", nto leyo kuthetha ngokuhlanganisa zeCawa Orthodox Russian kunye Russian Church Amazwe. Alex wakwazi ukubuyela kulo mkhwa ebanzi emikhosini yenkolo, inegalelo ebavalelayo ukuba bafumane izinto ezingcwele abangcwele ezininzi, ezifana Serafima Sarovskogo, Maksima Greka, Aleksandra Svirskogo. Yena kabini inani dioceses eRashiya, inani lamabandla phantse kathathu inani amabandla eMoscow liye landa izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-40, ukuba phambi kokuba ngokutsha eli lizwe 22 woonongendi kuphela, ngo-2008 kwakukho sele 804 ixabiso elikhulu ubhishophu wanika imfundo ibandla, kuyo kakhulu landa inani lezikolo kuwo onke amanqanaba kweli lizwe, kananjalo kube nefuthe elihle kwiinkqubo zezifundo, ebe okuyona ukuya kwinqanaba lehlabathi.

bamxolele

Alexy, uMphathi eMoscow All Russia, kuba iinkonzo bakhe bawongwa izihlandlo eziliqela zombini abasemagunyeni neecawa. Waba odolo phezu 40 iimbasa zeCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, kuquka nezo imbeko, njengoko Order of St. Andrew ngenkwenkwezi nedayimani, Order of Grand Duke Vladimir, i-Order of St. Alexis, Dmitriya Solunskogo imbasa, i-Order of Grigoriya Pobedonostsa of yesiGeorgia Church Orthodox.

Urhulumente Russian uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wathi yemfaneleko eziphakamileyo iimbasa kasolusapho, kuquka Order sokuzimisela ngenxa iLizwe loobawo, i-Order of Ubuhlobo of Peoples, Order of Red Banner lezaBasebenzi. Double Alexy wawongwa State Prize for impumelelo angekahlawulwa kwinkalo yomsebenzi elinikelayo, waba nembeko nombulelo evela uMongameli Russian Federation.

Alexis naye eninzi namabhaso kumazwe angaphandle, iibhonasi, Badge iMbeko kunye neembasa kwimibutho yoluntu.

Ukongeza, ukuba ngummi Wawongwa izixeko ezingaphezu kwama-10 yaye yaba ugqirha Wawongwa iiyunivesithi 4 ehlabathini.

Care and yokugcina

Disemba 5, 2008 twa ehlabathini jikelele iindaba bamatshekileyo; uBhishophu Alexy wafa 2. Cause ukufa - ukusilela intliziyo. kwiminyaka embalwa Ubhishophu kubekho iingxaki ezinkulu ngentliziyo, wada kwindawo yokuhlala yayakhelwe ikheshi ngemoto ukuya kumgangatho wesibini ukumnceda xiphephana ngokungeyomfuneko. Noko ke, kule eendaba phantse nangoko kwakukho iinguqulelo kukubulawa kasolusapho.

Kodwa ke ubungqina ezi ukukrokrelana abazange, ngoko, lonke wahlala kwinqanaba amarhe. Abantu nje akwazi ukuba kwakukho umntu onjalo, ngoko bazama ukufumana ngumtyholwa osengxakini yakhe. komngcwabo solusapho e-Cathedral eMoscow ngayo uKristu uMsindisi, waza wangcwatywa Church of the Epiphany.

phantse nangoko Abantu baqala ukuzibuza: uBhishophu Alexy II lamiselwa ukuba ukubalelwa kuye? Logama nje akaphenduli, kususela Ukumiselwa - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ixesha elide.

imemori Ubhishophu iye immortalized amagama kwamathala eencwadi, izikwere, ngokohlobo ezikhumbuzo, umonakalo, ezikhumbuzo eziliqela.

wabucala

Ngokhokho Alexy 2, unobangela wokufa, ekube kuphela ithuba ukuxoxa bakhe ubuntu, ubomi, izenzo, nomdla abaninzi. amarhe abaninzi bajikeleza ngolwalamano bakhe iKGB, Alexia sasibizwa le darling ngeenkonzo ezizodwa. Nangona kwakungekho bungqina bangasithembi.

Enye impikiswano umdla kubantu abaqhelekileyo: nokuba umbingeleli wayetshatile. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba oobhishophu abakwazi nabafazi, njengoko phantsi eya kubo. Kodwa phambi kokuba neemonki, ababingeleli abaninzi intsapho, yaye akazange sisithintelo umsebenzi wabo yobufundisi. Ubhishophu Alexy II, umfazi lowo kwiminyaka yakhe umfundi, akazange wakhankanya amava intsapho yakhe. Abaphandi bathi oku umtshato kunye Vera Alexeeva waba esesikweni ngokupheleleyo. Wayefuna kuphela ukuthintela abasemagunyeni Sikhuthaza A. Ridiger emkhosini.

Malunga ubomi yabucala kasolusapho kancinane yaziwa. Wayekuthanda ukufunda, wayesoloko wasebenza nzima. Alexis asibhalele iincwadi ezingaphezu kwama-200 kwi yenkolo. Yena ngokutyibilikayo in Estonian, isiJamani, bathetha kancinane IsiNgesi. Wayehlala ke wafa yokuhlala ayithandayo e Peredelkino, apho wayeziva ekhululekile kwaye ekhululekile.