8 Matshi. Imbali yeeholide

Bonke abafazi belizwe lethu bahlala bekulindele le ntwasahlobo kunye neeholide evulekileyo ebizwa ngo-Matshi 8. Imbali yemvelaphi yayo mhlawumbi iyaziwa ezininzi. Ukususela ebuntwaneni sijwayele ukuva ukuba ukubhiyozelwa ngo-Matshi 8 sinamanani amabini eembali: ii-communist K. Tzetkin kunye noRuxemburgurg. Ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene? Masizame ukuqonda. Ekuqaleni kuka-1857, ngaloo mini, amakhulu abantu abasebenza kwiiyunivesithi kwisixeko saseNew York bafuna ukunciphisa ubude bemini yokusebenza (leyo leyo, ngendlela, yafikelela kwiiyure eziyi-16!), Ukwandisa umvuzo kumadoda, njengoko umvuzo wabo wawuhluke kakhulu kuloo Amadoda atholakeleyo, kunye nokuphucula imeko engasebenziyo. Emva kwezi ntetho, umhla wokusebenza wanciphisa ukuya kwiiyure ezili-10 kwaye okokuqala kwenyunyana iimanyano zabasebenzi besifazane.

8 Matshi. Imbali yokuvela

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabini, i-Social Democratic Party kwiNyuvesi yaseNew York yabamba iqela ngo-Matshi 8, 1908, apho kukholwa khona ukulingana kwamabhinqa namadoda, ekunciphiseni umhla wokusebenza, ukuphakamisa umvuzo nokunika amandla. Abafazi abayi-15 000 bathabathela ezitratweni zeso sixeko ngaloo mini, kwaye ngo-1909 wachazwa ngumhla weentlanga zakwa-United States, owawubhiyozelwa kude kube ngo-1913 ngeSonto lokugqibela ngoFebruwari.

Ngeli holide ngoMatshi 8 imbali ichaza kunye nolwazi olunomdla. Ngomhla ka-1910, ngo-Agasti 27 eCopenhagen, inkomfa yabanjwa, iququzelelwe ngabasetyhini-intlalontle. Kwakuloo nto leyo intlanganiso yama-socialists aseMerika kunye noClara Zetkin, okwakusicetywayo ukuba ukhethe usuku apho ubulili besini buya kukhululeka ukuvakalisa amalungelo akhe kunye neemfuno kuzo zonke iintlobo zokuhamba kunye nemirhumo. Kwaye ngo-Matshi 19, 1911, e-Austria, eJamani, eSwitzerland naseDenmark, abafazi babhiyozela imini yabo, nangona ngo-1912 kwabhiyozelwa ngoMeyi, ngo-12. Ukususela ngo-1913, amabhinqa kumazwe amaninzi aqale ukubiza amalungelo abo ngemihla eyahlukeneyo, ayenayo ngokwabo.

Ngokuphathelele iholide ngo-Matshi 8, imbali iqulethe ezinye iinkalo ezithakazelisayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-1914, kumazwe amathandathu, kuquka iRashiya, ngo-Matshi 8 amawaka amabhinqa athatha inxaxheba kwimibhiyozo yosuku lwabo. Kwamazwe amaninzi, inkqubo yokuqaphela abafazi njengabantu ngabanye yaqala. Amadoda ayengafuni kakhulu ukunika amalungelo "kwisiqingatha esifanelekileyo". Emazweni aseScandinavia aqala ukunika ilungelo lokuvota. Inkqubo iqalile. Abasetyhini babengasakwazi ukuhlala ekhaya baze baqalise ukuthatha inxaxheba ebantwini.

Ngomhla ka-Matshi 8 (imbali yayo eRashiya isityebi kakhulu), yamkelwa ngamandla eRashiya. Ngomhla we- revolution (ngoFebhuwari) , ngo-Matshi 8, 1917 kwisixeko sasePetrograd, abasebenzi beempahla ezivela kubasebenzi base-outskirts bavakalisa isiteyathelo baza bathabatha ezitratweni zaseRussia. Baya kwiSixeko saseDuma ngeemfuno zokugqithwa kwe-tsar, bazimisele ukufumana amalungelo alinganayo namadoda. Le mini iyisiqalo sesiguqulelo sikaFebhuwari, kwaye ngo-1921 iNkomfa yamaKhomanisi yamaKhomanisi, okwesibini) yasungula ukubhiyozelwa ngoMatshi 8, njengomhla wabasetyhini, ngokukhunjulwa kokuqala kwe-February chaos.

Ukuthetha ngoMhla ka-Matshi 8, imbali yophuhliso lwayo eRussia yaseSoviet emva kowe-1920 iye yafumana utshintsho oluninzi. Ngomhla wabasetyhini, ngenxa yesizathu esithile, babalekele ngokukhuselekileyo, kuba bekuyimfuneko ukunyanzelisa imigaqo ethile. Amantombazana amahle athatyathwa ngesandla , ama- pickers kunye namafosholo. Baqala ukwenza umsebenzi onzima, ongcolileyo ngokomzimba, becinga ukulingana.

8 Matshi. Imbali yokusekwa kwelanga elingasebenzi

Kususela ngowe-1966 kwiSoviet Union, le holide, ngokubonga kummiselo we-08.03.965, ngokusemthethweni waba ngumhla ongasebenzi, owenzelwe ukubhiyozela amahlekazi amnandi. Izigidi zabesetyhini baseSoviet babenomhla wokuphumla.

Iholide ngoMatshi 8, imbali yolwakhiwo kumazwe e-CIS

Kwintsimi ye-CIS ngo-Matshi 8, iholide yomntu, ngaphandle kweMerika yaseBaltic naseTurkmenistan, apho yayingasasazwa khona.